Particulate Hlunga - kuyini? I ukukhishwa lemifanekiso particulate

Izimoto, okungukuthi qeda yabo amagesi iwusongo olukhulu ukuze imvelo. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi imoto waqala ukuhlomisa izimoto zabo yelikhono ahlukahlukene. Futhi uma ku izimoto uphethiloli izinjini futhi kanjalo ngokungeyikho, ivuliwe diesels - isihlungi particulate. Kuyini lokhu isici? Kuyini isimo sawo futhi imodi ayisebenzisayo? Konke lokhu kanye nje kuphela - kamuva kulesi sihloko.

aphoyintimenti

Udizili particulate isihlungi ehlambulula qeda umoya ovela izinhlayiya umule. Ukusebenzisa lesi sici ohlelweni qeda ukunciphisa carbon okuqukethwe abamnyama abangamaphesenti angu-95. Kumiswa mithandazo ngenxa amandla omlilo akuphelele. Usayizi carbon izinhlayiya omnyama uvela microns 1 kuya 0.01. It yakhiwa oxides insimbi, amanzi, isibabule, futhi compounds carbonaceous. iphesenti yabo ixhomeke ijubane wamanje kanye umthwalo injini.

lapho kusetshenziswa

Yikuphi umshini ibekwe particulate isihlungi? "Volkswagen", "Audi", "Mercedes". Lena uhlu ongaphelele izimoto anemisila lesi sici. On izimoto ezithwala udizili particulate okuhlungayo efakwe ngo-2000, nesicelo zemvelo "Euro-2" noma ngaphezulu. Emazweni-European Union, khona kwale kulethe liyadingeka ngisho izimoto kusukela ngo-2011.

indawo

Likuphi lemifanekiso udizili particulate? "Mercedes" futhi amaningi izimoto ekhiqizwa e-Europe babe ilungiselelo elifanayo ekwandeni. Itholakala nje ngemuva ezininginingi qeda. Le ndawo ngoba kule ndawo izinga lokushisa igesi ifinyelela izici esiphezulu.

Idivayisi futhi Umgomo we operation

I element eyinhloko lemifanekiso udizili particulate - matrix sobumba. Wenziwe Silicon Carbide. Lesi sihloko esifanayo osetshenziselwa yelikhono uphethiloli izinjini. I-matrix ibekwe endaweni metal isihlungi izindlu futhi isakhiwo anezikhala namaseli yanjalo ivaliwe. I lateral ingxenye element - ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Kusebenza njengomnyombo zokuhlunga. Amaseli kulethe-matrix - ukuma sikwele. On a izimoto zanamuhla usethe izihlungi ne 8-carbon amaseli. izakhi okunjalo ezibhekwa ithembeke kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside lidlule qeda amagesi.

filtration Izinyathelo

Filtration nokuvuselelwa - ngokuvumelana nalesi simiso usebenza njalo isihlungi particulate. Kuyini lokhu? Ukuhlunga - lena inqubo lapho ekuthatheni wenziwe umule izinhlayiya nge subsidence okwengeziwe ezindongeni. I emikhulu abayikho, kuba lula ukusebenza ekwandeni. Nokho, amagesi qeda ube inani elincane lomphakathi wabo esihle carbon omnyama, kuze 1 Micron. Is they are usongo olukhulu imvelo futhi umgudu womuntu.

Phawula futhi ukuthi njengoba isikhathi sihamba isihlungi udizili particulate ( "Renault Master TDI» - iyathinteka) ivimbekile futhi idinga ukushintshwa. Kodwa ngenxa zibiza (kusuka $ 400), abanikazi imoto Russian "ukuphuma" ka "ingqondo" yakhe ye-computer bese efakwa endaweni yayo "spacer" - ipayipi lensimbi we ubukhulu efanayo.

Passive ukuvuselelwa particulate isihlungi

Lo msebenzi wenziwa lokushisa eliphezulu (degrees 500 Celsius). Yingakho ekwandeni efakwe ngqo emva le ezininginingi qeda. Engena phakathi lemifanekiso particulate, amagesi qeda (okungukuthi, nitrogen) ukuxubana oksijini, kanjalo ukwakha nitrogen dioxide. Kugcine, ngokuxhumana ne-carbon black ibe oxide ne-carbon monoxide. Eminyakeni emibili izingxenye ukusabela nge-oksijini ahlukaniselwe nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide igesi. Lokhu kwenzeka inqubo zokuhlunga qeda yegesi imoto udizili.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, injini yokusebenza iqoqo umule kungaba kahle. Yena buthule sidlula ngaphandle esitokisini. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuvuselelwa asebenzayo ka lemifanekiso particulate ixhunyiwe ukusebenza.

asebenzayo

Lokhu processing ngenkani nokuvusa lokushisa qeda gas. Lokhu kwenzeka kuzo zonke kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane. Kunezindlela eziningana ophoqelelwe lokushisa ukwanda:

• I kamuva fuel injection.
• Microwave Ukushisa amagesi.
• Umjovo uphethiloli yesihlungi udizili particulate.
• Ukufaka kwe-heater kagesi.

Ukwakheka neutralizer ngokuqhubekayo ngcono futhi manje kubhekwe ukuba uhlobo ethandwa iningi lemifanekiso nge enamathela okhanda amanye amathuba kanye nohlelo izithasiselo kokufaka nophethiloli. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Catalytic particulate isihlungi

Kuyini lokhu isici? Lesi sihlungi isetshenziswa phezu izimoto yomkhaya "Volkswagen". Umgomo we operation kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa yekwentiwa.

Kulo mBhalo, ukucutshungulwa kwenteka ngekutsi bafundzi namachibi okuqhubekayo yentshede ngenxa kulethe - platinum, okuyothi ngalo amagesi ukudlula. Ukusebenza lokushisa - kusuka 300 kuya ku-500 degrees Celsius. inqubo Active kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme - 650 degrees Celsius.

Uma le control icushiwe sebuningini izinzwa. Lokhu emoyeni flowmeter izinzwa Inlet futhi Outlet igesi lokushisa qeda kanye ingcindezi, lapho lemifanekiso particulate usebenza. Yini eyenza? Yonke idatha wathola icutshungulwe nge-computer, lapho-control unit inika isignali kuya kamuva fuel itheku, noma kunciphisa ukugeleza komoya ekamelweni. Ngale ndlela kakhulu kwandisa izinga lokushisa qeda gas, zisabela izakhi kulethe.

Hlunga nge wokufaka uhlelo okufakiwe

I kulethe akhiwa onjiniyela French futhi kusethelwe ku- "Peugeot" izimoto, "Citroen", kanye "Ford" futhi "Toyota". Enye igama lemifanekiso udizili particulate - FAP. Ingqikithi yalo msebenzi ulula. Uhlelo okufakiwe nge Converter okhanda amanye amathuba (cerium), okuyinto yengezwe uphethiloli, futhi ubangela ekushintsheni izinga lokushisa umule amandla omlilo (cishe 500 degrees Celsius). Nokho, ngezinye imithwalo ongaphakeme, kunzima ukufeza, ngakho umsebenzi axhunyiwe ophoqelelwe ukuvuselelwa. Wona lilondolozwe ehlukile okufakiwe tank (4-5 amalitha).

Isikhathi sokuphila kwayo imayelana ayizinkulungwane 100 amakhilomitha, futhi kuyafana the lemifanekiso. Ethangini, lokhu okufakiwe sidla i futha kagesi. It is dosed kulelo nalelo refueling uphethiloli control electronic unit. I ethile eyinhloko kulesi simiso - at amandla omlilo of cesium imali kwi izindonga ngesimo umlotha, okuyinto clogs kakhulu ukuhlunga. Ngakho-ke, unesikhathi ezinjalo ezincane zokusebenzela.

Indlela ukudlulisa sempilo?

Njengoba umule nokutubeka kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, impilo inkonzo lemifanekiso incike imvamisa lokusha-ngokusebenzisa. Ngakho, yini ngokuvamile kwenzeke lo msebenzi, le ezincane isisetshenziswa isici. Kodwa ungakwenza kanjani ukwandisa mileage imoto phakathi kokushayo e Converter? Kukhona izithasiselo ehlukahlukene ukuvikela lemifanekiso particulate. Basiza ukunciphisa izinga lokusebenza yayo kusukela 600 kuya 400 degrees Celsius. Sebenzisa umshini at imithwalo ongaphakeme ngethemba lokuthi ukushiswa umule ingekho, kumane lutho. Ukuze Ezimweni ezinjalo, uma ukuvuselelwa bephoqeleka - ngisho ngesivinini esiphansi iyunithi ezosebenza at 100 amaphesenti.

Indlela ukucacisa ukuvaleka?

Izimpawu yokuhlunga ixhunyiwe Kulula ukuqaphela. Lena okusalungiswa ababuthakathaka, umusi ipayipi qeda, nophethiloli iyenqa. izakhi olunjalo ngokuvamile e Imi ubukeka ncamashi njengoba ifanekiselwa ngezansi.

Kulokhu, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukuthatha isinyathelo - ukufaka esikhundleni salo esisha (lokho akunakwenzeka ukuba siqondiswe yethu abanikazi imoto) noma zisuswe kusukela ohlelweni.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi kulethe kuyinto udizili. Njengoba ubona, idivayisi iku izimpi kakhulu umule yokuhlanza. Nokho, kuzo zonke izinto ezinhle ilahleke uma kuziwa esikhundleni isikhathi. Lokho okwakudingeka ukuze kukhokhwe isici esisha ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 50-80 ruble.
Ngakho indlela enhle kakhulu - ukususwa lemifanekiso particulate ku kwesofthiwe yekhompyutha kokufaka endaweni yawo arrester elangabini bese ngamapayipi metal elula. Kufanele kube nenqubo-ruble 5 izinkulungwane 15.