Yini ehlukanisa ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho? ithebula ukuqhathanisa

Umqondo "ukukhula komnotho" futhi "intuthuko yezomnotho" liseduze impela linencazelo, kodwa hhayi ezifanayo ngokwemvelo. Yini imigomo efakwe ohlwini? Yini ehlukanisa ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho?

Ingqikithi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho - inqubo eside, okuyinto libhekene anhlobonhlobo izici, esehlanganise ngqo umnotho nje kuphela isimo, kodwa futhi kutenhlalakahle kanye nezinye izindawo. Leligama libhekisela kubo amazwe ampofu (ngokungafani ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho liqukethe yokuthi eThemini sachaza nezinguquko iminotho athuthukile).

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kubonakala ngcono jikelele isimo nenhlalakahle, usikisela ukwanda kwemali ngeniso Okuyınqo, ngcono izinkomba eminingi yomphakathi: izinga lemfundo, sokuthuthukisa amasiko. Okunye izici ezibalulekile zentuthuko yezomnotho - isikhalazo wombuso ohlelweni lokutshala izimali, esitebeleni exchange rate (noma ukunyuka kwezinga intengo lwemali kazwelonke).

Inkomba dynamism kwezomnotho

Ngokocwaningo yinkampani audit ngamazwe Grant Thornton namaphakathi onegunya kuyi-Economist Intelligence Unit ucwaningo umnotho, sohlelo lwekutfutfukisa kwezomnotho eliholwa Australia, ogama Inkomba ilingana amaphuzu ayisithupha nesithupha. Phezulu ezintathu sihlanganisa Chile neChina. Isilinganiselwa amaphuzu kunqunywa ukuhlolwa uchwepheshe we yesimo sezomnotho izinkomba amabili nambili ukuthi zihlelwe zaba amaqembu ahlukahlukene control.

Amaqembu lamazwe mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho

Ngu ezingeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho jikelele lakhomba inani amaqembu uthi:

• Emazweni athuthukile, okuyinto akunakubangelwa emisha yokuthuthukisa umnotho wezwe futhi ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu. Lena Japan, USA, Germany, e-Australia, iFinland, nabanye abaningi. Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe leli qembu zinezikhathi eliphezulu capital womuntu, ubuholi isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, imithi, imfundo kanye nezinye izimboni, izinga eliphezulu impilo yezakhamuzi.

• Amazwe asathuthuka, lapho umgomo wabo oyinhloko ukuze uhambisane ne umnotho lakhula ezingeni futhi izinga lempilo yezakhamuzi. Phakathi kwala mazwe kubalwa China, eChile, eMexico, Pakistan, Latvia, Czech Republic, Croatia, Kazakhstan nabanye.
• Amazwe ampofu, okuyinto ziyawohloka. Lokhu amazwe ase-Afrika kakhulu, isiqhingi uthi, kanye Mongolia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, nokunye okunjalo.

Ukukhula komnotho: umqondo

Komnotho kuhlukile ukuthuthukiswa komnotho? Ukukhula emnothweni - umqondo nge umqondo emincane. Kuyinqubo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina izinguquko esifushane ivolumu zokukhiqiza ngendlela enhle. Komnotho kuhlukile ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ngakho-ke siwukubonakaliswa: igama elithi "ukukhula" emnothweni ungaboniswa imiqondo "omkhiqizo" futhi "umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene", kuyilapho yokuthuthukisa umnotho ngenxa kuhlanganise ne lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila, noma imbulunga nomphakathi.

Ngamagama sokukhula komnotho ukwaba lezi zinhlobo imihlola:

• Uniform, okuyinto okubonakale European Union noma e-United States.
• Okubizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso kwezomnotho eyayiba khona emnothweni waseNingizimu Korea, Hong Kong noma Japan.
• Inhlekelele ye ukukhula - nokwehla kwezomnotho, ngakho ehambisana nokuwohloka usa emazinga ekuphila. Isimo ejwayelekile kumazwe Central African.
• Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukukhula okuyinto akunamthelela sphere nomphakathi. Le nqubo ibizwa ebonwe Zimbabwe.

Izimo letitsintsa ekukhuleni komnotho

Phakathi kwezici ezinomthelela ekukhuleni komnotho emazweni asathuthuka angafakwa ohlwini kanje:

• ezingeni yentuthuko kwezithuthi kanye nezinye izinhlobo ingqalasizinda (ezomnotho, zokuxhumana);
• ushintsho ekulimeni ekukhiqizeni elikhiqizayo (labour ukuhamba);
• inflow usizo lwezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezivela kwezinye izifunda;
• emazinga emfundvo kanye nezinga okufundisa ukufunda nokubhala, kungachazwa njengendlela ukusebenza eminye zomsebenzi;
• ukubaluleka ukonga ekhona;
• ezingeni zenkohlakalo.

ithebula ukuqhathanisa

Yini ehlukanisa ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho? Umehluko omkhulu kubonakala kulelithebula lelingentasi ngokucacile.

Enibaziyo phakathi le miqondo emibili wukuthi kwemnotfo phakathi izingxenye ozikhethela ezakha ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, kodwa kuyisimo esifanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yakhe noma inquma ukuthuthukiswa komnotho esikhathini esifushane.

Yini ehlukanisa ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho? Umehluko ebalulekile phakathi imiqondo enjalo oluqondakalayo Ngokwesibonelo kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhula komuntu kuwukwanda e esisindo futhi ukuphakama, okungukuthi, labo izinkomba ukuthi kungenziwa, kulinganiswa kuqhathaniswa, ihlaziye. Ukuthuthukiswa kuchazwa ngenombolo, izici ezingokomzimba hhayi kuphela (yobudala, ubude nesisindo umzimba), kodwa futhi izici abstract - isiko, ukuziphatha, ezingeni bokuvuthwa, emakhonweni okukhulumisana, ukukhalipha, imikhuba.

Ukukhula komnotho ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa

Ukukhula komnotho ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka uma nokwanda izinkomba ambalwa alukho ezingeni lokuphila wangempela labantu. Lesi simo kungaba ngenxa yalezi zizathu:

• emazinga lasetulu enkhohlakalo, lapho wonke ngcono ngesimo ngezimali ezengeziwe ziphakeme ephaketheni isixhumanisi control.
• Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo. Ukususwa kwezimiso izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo cishe kuzobangela ukunyusa ivolumu zokukhiqiza, kodwa kuyisimo esifanayo iphimbo avuse Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomphakathi. Ngakho, kanye nokukhula komnotho ziyowa izinga lempilo yezakhamuzi zalo.
• ezokuthutha ingqalasizinda ukuminyana. Ukuwa komgwaqo, okungase kube umphumela we ukushaqeka sokukhula komnotho ngeke sibe sibi izinga lempilo labantu, okuzodingeka ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi esiminyaminyeni sezimoto.

• Imali ye-indastri wezempi. GDP wezwe bakwazi ukwandisa ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa imboni yezokuvikela, kanti kwezinye izindawo (ezemfundo, ezempilo, isiko) ngeke uthuthuke.
• Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izimakethe. Ukwanda ivolumu ukukhiqizwa, uzwakalise ngokuya ambalwa, eyayiyoholela kwemnotfo, kodvwa ngokungabi bikho izimakethe ukuthuthuka ngempela usa emazinga ekuphila kayikuza.

incazelo emfushane yezinto ezidingidwa umehluko

Kafushane (kodwa akukho esingaphansi ngokuphelele) Ngachaza umehluko phakathi imiqondo Shumper. Komnotho kuhlukile ukuthuthukiswa komnotho? Umbhali unika impendulo iyatholakala: ukuphakama - lolu shintsho ngokuya ubuningi (okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kanye ukusetshenziswa), kanye neluhlaka lwentfutfuko - izici qualitative (ekuphuculeni izinga lokuphila labantu, emisha emkhakheni wezezimboni, ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, nokunye).

Ngakho, yini eyenza ukukhula kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho? Ukuthuthukiswa kumele aqondwe njengokufaka umqondo elinomqondo obanzi ohlanganisa komnotho. It kungahlolwa eziningi izinkomba ezahlukene, okuyinto ukhombise inqubekela phambili emnothweni wesifundazwe sonkana. Ukwanda libhekene kuphela ukusebenza sibalo ethize.