I-Diesel Engine Injector Pump: I-Device and Principing Principle

Izidingo ezibekiwe ezinjini zanamuhla ze-diesel ngokwemandla, umnotho kanye nobuhlobo bomphakathi ziya phezulu. Ukuze ukwanelise lezi zidingo, ukwakheka okuhle kwengxube kumele kuqinisekiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinjini zinezinhlelo zesimanje zamandla kagesi zanamuhla. Abakwazi ukuqinisekisa nje ukuthi ukufiphaza okuncane kunayo yonke imali ngokucindezela okuphakeme, kodwa futhi ukulungisa kahle isikhathi sokujola kanye nenani lephethiloli elinikezwa kuma-cylinders. Uhlelo olunjalo lukhona futhi luhlangabezana ngokugcwele nazo zonke lezo zidingo eziphakeme. Lena injini ye- diesel injector pump . Kuyinto ehlukile yokwelashwa isici se-cylinder ngayinye enjini. Ingxenye ilawulwa yi-unit unit.

I-Diesel Imibono

Mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-node lapho i -jectject nephaphamtjhini yamafutha eyobumbana khona, umdali walezi zinjini, uRudolf Diesel, wayecabanga.

Lokhu kuzosenza sikwazi ukugwema imigqa yamapayipi kanye namapayipi aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa ukucindezelwa komjovo. Kodwa ezinsukwini zikaDisel, kwakungekho namathuba anjalo namuhla.

Incazelo yesistimu

Injini ye-diesel injector pump iyimpompo ye-fuel kanye nejectject ehlanganiswe ku-unit eyodwa. Njengomshini wokufakelwa ngamapayipi, injection esekelwe kulezi zakhi ingenza imisebenzi ethile. Uhlelo ludala ukucindezeleka okwanele, linikeza ingxenye ethile yenhlanganisela yamafutha ngesikhathi esifanele. Ipompu ehlukile ihlinzekwa ekamelweni ngalinye lomlilo. Yingakho manje ungathola izinjini lapho kungekho khona imigqa yamandla kagesi aphezulu, okungukuthi, ngamagumbi amandla anepompo yepayipi.

Amaqiniso omlando

Le ndlela yokujola akuyona intuthuko entsha. Injini ye-diesel injector pump ifakwe emotweni ngasekupheleni kwe-30s. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lo mklamo wawuvivinywe ngezimoto ze-diesel ezithwala izitimela, ulwandle, nezimoto. Yonke le nqubo yayihlanganiswe yinye - isivinjana esincane. Izici zala ma-injini zikhona phambi kwepompo ehlukile ye-cylinder ngayinye nasemigqeni yempikiswano emifushane eya kwi-injection. I-actuator yezinto ezakhiwa yizingcweti kanye nama-buffers.

Ngokuqala baqala ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo ngamaloli kusukela ngo-1944. On izimoto abagibeli - kusukela 1988. Ngo-1938, inkampani uDetroit-Diesel, eyayiyinto yokukhathazeka i-General Motors, yenziwa yunithi yokuqala, eyasetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-diesel injini nge-pump injectors. Naphezu kokuthi idivayisi yasungulwa e-US, imiklamo yalolu hlobo nayo yasungulwa ku-USSR.

Izinjini zokuqala ze-YAAZ-204 zazihlonywe izibhamu ezinjalo kusukela ngo-1947. Kodwa lezi zindawo zenziwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi yaseDetroit-Diesel. Leli yunithi yamandla, bese kuthi injini ye-cylinder eyisithupha ishintshwe ngaphambi kuka-1992.

Ngo-1994, idivayisi kanye nokusebenza kwe-injection injini ye-diesel yabonwa ngabanjiniyela be-Volvo. Le nkampani ikhiqiza iloli lokuqala i-FH12 nge-injection yalolu hlobo. Khona-ke amayunithi afanayo azoqala ukuhlomisa amaloli abo "Scania" no "Iveco."

Phakathi kwezimoto zomgibeli okokuqala uhlelo lolu lisetshenzisiwe ku "Volkswagen". I-pump-injector ye-diesel engine "Volkswagen" yabonakala ngo-1998. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90, izinjini ezinesimiso esinjalo zithatha 20% yemakethe yezimoto.

Idivayisi

Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi i-diesel injector pump iyini. Idivayisi ilula kakhulu. Emzimbeni weyunithi kukhona ibhulogi ngqo, i-unitering unit, kanye neyunithi yamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu kushayela amandla, i-injector pump inezinzuzo ezithile phezu kwezinhlelo zendabuko. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhamba kwesimanzi esingaqothulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu sinciphise kakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Hydraulic futhi kwanda futhi isisindo sinciphisa.

Izibhamu zesizukulwane esisha zihlonyelwe amaphampu akwazi ukukhiqiza ukucindezela okuphezulu (kuze kufike ku-2 500 bar). Bangakwazi ukuphendula masinyane emithethweni ye-ECU, eqoqa futhi ehlaziya ulwazi lwamanje kusuka kuminzwa yangaphandle. Ngokwalezi zedatha, inani elidingekayo lenhlanganisela kanye nesikhathi sokujola kunqunywa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwazi ukuthola amanani angcono wamandla ngezimo zokusebenza ezinikeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-node asiza ukugcina uphethiloli we-diesel, okusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa okulimazayo emkhathini futhi kunomthelela ekunciphiseni umsindo ovela enjini. Okokugcina, le divayisi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ingafakwa esihlokweni se-cylinder. Lapho ungafaka futhi ezinye izingxenye nezinxenye.

Isibhamu senzelwe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwengxube enhle kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, onjiniyela baye bacabangela izigaba - lokhu kuyilungu lokuqala, elisezingeni eliyisisekelo nelengeziwe. Ukuqala kuqala kunikeza ukushisa okubushelelezi ngesikhathi sokuqala, lapho ukubunjwa kwekhwalithi yokusebenza kuhlinzekwa ngezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza zenjini. Enye eyengeziwe iyadingeka ukuze izinqubo zokuvuselela ku- filter particulate.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-injection mechanical

Injini ye-diesel injector pump ifakwe ngqo kwi-cylinder head. Kunamakhompi amane akhethekile ku-camshaft. Bakhonza ukuqala i-injector drive. Ngosizo lwengalo edumbini, amandla adluliselwa ku-injector pump ngokusebenzisa amapulangwe.

Ikhamera yokushayela inephrofayli ekhethekile ehlinzeka ngokuphakamisa okuphezulu, bese kuthi ukwehla kancane kwezingalo ze-rocker. Lapho owokugcina ephakama, i-plunger iyashesha ngokushesha. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi efanele. Lapho i-rocker iyancipha kancane, i-plunger iyakhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphethiloli ungena amangqamuzana anomsindo ophezulu ngaphandle kwamabhulebhu emoyeni.

Inqubo yomjovo yenziwa uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage yokulawula esuka kwikhompyutha ukuya ku-valve solenoid.

Izigaba zokungena

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe isimiso se-pump-injector ye injini ye-diesel. Uma, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-rocker, i-plunger ihamba phansi, ingxube engabhubhisa igeleza ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zibe emacuzini. Uma i-valve ivala, ukugeleza kwe-diesel kuyanqunywa. Ingcindezi iqala ukukhula. Uma sifinyelela ezingeni lika-13 mPa, inaliti yefrayibha inqoba amandla okusentwasahlobo. Emva kwalokho isigaba sokuqala somjovo sizoqala.

Uma i-valve iqala ukuvula, isigaba sokuqala siphelile futhi ingxube yephethiloli ihanjiswa ngokusebenzisa umugqa wokunikezela. Ingcindezi iqala ukuwa. Kuye ngendlela yokusebenza kwe injini, isigaba esisodwa noma ezimbili zokuqala zingenziwa.

Lapho i-plunger ihamba phansi, umjikelezo womjovo omkhulu uqala. I-valve ivala futhi, ingcindezi yephethiloli iphakama futhi. Uma izinga lifinyelela ku-30 mPa, inaliti yefrayimu idlula ingcindezi futhi ikhuphuke, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele inqubo yokujoza. Ukuphakama kwengcindezi kuphakama, ukuphefumula okungaphezulu kuzokucindezelwa. Isamba se-diesel nomoya ongangena ku-cylinder sanda.

Ukudla okuphezulu (futhi kwenziwa uma isithuthuthu sisebenza ngendlela ye-power peak) kwenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-220 mPa. I-valve ivula isiteji esikhulu somjovo. Ukucindezela kwehla, inaliti ivala.

Isigaba esingeziwe somjovo senziwa lapho i-plunger iqhubekela phambili. Isimiso sokusebenza kwedivaysi kulesi sigaba sifana nomjovo omkhulu. Ngokuvamile i-algorithm yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili.

Uma ucabangela injini ye-injection ye-TDI ye-injection ye-device, ingafakwa nenzwa ehlola ukuphakanyiswa kwenaliti. Isikhundla sesinaliti sidingeka yiyunithi yokulawula, lapho amaphampu ephothiloli nawo alawulwa ngekhompiyutha.

Izinzuzo

Nakuba kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluvamile lwe-Rail Rail, umshini we-injector uphazamisa ingxube yephethiloli engcindezini ephakeme ngenxa yokungabi khona kwemigqa ende.

Zingavame ukuwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto. Lokhu yisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kuma-classical food systems. I-injector pump ivumela ukuba uphethiloli oluthe xaxa luqhume ekamelweni lokushisa. Kulesi simo, ukupuniza kuzosebenza kangcono. Ama-Motors afakwe amayunithi anjalo anamandla kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini ezine-injection enjalo zisebenza kancane kancane kunama-analogs abo. Kodwa nge "Common Rail" noma umjovo wepompo injection pump izoba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ukungalungi

Kodwa kunezimo eziyingozi. I-minus engathí sina kunazo zonke yiyidingo eliphakeme lokushiswa kwamafutha. I-clog encane kakhulu ngokwanele ukuyeka uhlelo ukusebenza. Okungezansi kokubili kuyintengo.

Kulula ukulungisa le node ngqo ngaphandle kwemibandela yefektri. Enye ingozi ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezela okukhulu lezi nodes zivame ukuphula izidleke zokufika ezakhiweni zenjini.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ipompo ye-injector?

Kubonakala sengathi lezi zindawo zifuna kakhulu idizili, futhi liphezulu kakhulu ezweni lethu naseCIS. Ukuze ungaguquki lesi sici esibizayo, kunconywa ukuba ushintshe njalo uphethiloli, umoya kanye nazo zonke ezinye izihlungi, ukuthenga izinto zokuthenga zangempela.

Mayelana nokugeza

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bezimoto banesithakazelo sokususa kanjani i-injection pump injini ye-diesel. Ochwepheshe abancoma ukuhlanza - lokhu akulungile kunoma yikuphi ukujova. Kungcono ukuthatha indawo yokuhlunga kanye ne-refuel eziteshini zegesi ezibonisiwe.

Ukugeza ku-stand kuzokwenza, uma kukhona ukupunika kwekhwalithi empofu - izinkinga ezingaqiniseki nezinkinga ezifanayo. Hlanza ebhodini le-ultrasonic kuvunyelwe lapho inaliti ibambelele ngokuphelele. Uma ibhuloho idlulela, akukho lutho oluzosiza lapha. Ukuze ugeze ungasebenzisa izindlela ezithandwa njengamanje "i-LAVR" ne "VINS".

Ngokuvamile, uma i -jectject engasebenzi, kungcono ukufeza isondlo nokufaka izingxenye ezingekho emthethweni. Ukugeza kusiza kuphela uma isayithi okungenani ngandlela-thile, kodwa isebenza.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi injini ye - injection ye-diesel injini nokuthi iyiphi idivayisi yayo. элемент системы питания дизельных ДВС. Njengoba ungabona, lokhu kuyisici esiyingxenye yesistimu yamandla kagesi edizili. Unomklamo wezobuchwepheshe obuningi, nokho kukhwela kakhulu izinga lephethiloli.