"ZIL-4104". Imoto yamakilasi emele eyenziwe yisitshalo. Likhachev

"ZIL-4104", imoto enehlobo lomzimba "i-limousine" yeklasi eliphezulu, lakhiqizwa esitshalweni saseLakhachev kusukela ngo-1978 kuya ku-1983. Igama langempela lemoto laliyi "ZIL-115".

Kusukela ngo-1983 kuya ku-1985 kubandakanya, imodeli yenziwa "ZIL-41045", futhi kamuva, kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-2002 - "ZIL-41047". Kwakungekho ukungafani okuphawulekayo ne-model eyisisekelo, ngaphandle kwemininingwane encane yomzimba wangaphandle. Yonke imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yayingashintshi. Igama loshintsho lwaluyinto engokomfanekiso, njengoba kwakudingeka ukwenza umsebenzi ohleliwe wokuthuthukisa izimoto ezikhiqiziwe.

"ZIL-4104": imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe

Imoto yahlanganiswa emzimbeni we-limousine, ifakwe efolini elinamandla nge-spars ye-loop evaliwe. Amaphiko angaphambili ayengasuswa, amaphiko angemuva ayephethwe. I-salon ye-seven-seater yokuhlala enezihlalo ezintathu zahlukaniswa ngesehlukaniso esiyingqayizivele esiyingilazi esingenangqondo, ngakho-ke indawo yangaphakathi yemoto yayihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezizimele ngokuphelele.

Umugqa wesibili wezihlalo wancipha ngosizo lwamahhashi angenasici futhi wabekwa eduze nodonga oluhlukanisayo. Ngakho-ke, isikhala esikhulu sikhululiwe emkhakheni wangemuva, owawusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okukhululekile kwabagibeli abahamba esihlalweni sangemuva.

Kusukela "i-ZIL" - imoto yeklasi elimele, e-cabin ifakwe zonke izinhlobo zamadivaysi ezokuxhumana nezokuzijabulisa. Phakathi kwemishini ye-salon kwakuyisamukeli somsakazo we-stereo soluhlu lwama-wave wonke, olwengeziwe nge-tape recorder. Umsindo wanikezwa yizikhulumi eziyisithupha zazungeza umjikelezo wendawo yangaphakathi.

Zonke izibuko emotweni zaqina - njenge- "triplex", ezingenakunyakaziswa, nge-toning. Ama-Windows eminyango avuswe futhi anciphisa ngokusebenzisa i-drive kagesi enesimo se-Stop-Drive esiphuthumayo.

Yonke imininingwane yomzimba yahlelwa ngesandla, ngemuva komhlangano isakhiwo sonke sasiqoshwe emigqeni engu-9-10 ene-polishing ephakathi kwesendlalelo esilandelayo. Ngesikhathi imoto igwetshiwe, indlu yangaphakathi yayigcwele izesekeli: phansi kwakhiwe, izihlalo zahlanganiswa nekhwalithi yekhwalithi, amapholethi emnyango ayehlanganiswa nezinto ezifanayo, kodwa ngezwi elihlukile. Ingaphakathi lemoto yavela enhle futhi enhle kakhulu, ukuthi kwakukhona incazelo - "isitayela se-model 4104 ZIL". Imoto yaba isibonelo sokulingisa.

Ukufakelwa amandla

Imodeli ye "ZIL-4104" ifakwe injini yephethiloli yamandla akhule. Ngaphambi kwemingcele ehambayo neyashesha yayihlolwe ngokucophelela ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze kugcinwe idumela eliphezulu lomshini.

Injini yemoto "ZIL-4104" ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Thayipha - uphethiloli;
• Umqulu - 7 695 cube / cm;
• Amandla - 315 hp;
• Isikhathi esiphikisayo - Nanometers 608;
• Ukuhlelwa kwe-cylinders kuwuhlobo lwe-V;
• Inombolo ye-cylinders - 8;
• Ububanzi bomshini - 108 mm;
• Isilinganiso sokucindezela singu- 9.3;
• Ukushaywa kwe-piston - 105 mm;
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla - i-carburetor K-259;
• Amanzi okupholisa;
• I- petroli - i- petroli AI-95 "eyengeziwe";
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha - amitha angu-22 ngamakhilomitha angu-100 kumodi exubile.

Ukuthutha

Imoto yayinomshini wokudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlobo lwama-hydrotransformer nebhodi lebhodi lebhodi lezintaba ezintathu. Umkhethi we-lever ukhona phakathi kwezihlalo zangaphambili, yonke isimiso sivinjelwe ukumiswa kwemishini, empeleni, kuyisikebhe esiphumelelayo . Ukuvula kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo uma uqala.

Ngaphansi kokuhamba

Ukumiswa kwangaphambili komshini kuzimele, ngaphandle kwama-pivots, kuma-wishbones aphindwe kabili, ne-bar ye-lateral ukuzinza. Njengedivaysi yokukhwabanisa, okunciphisa ukujula, ibha yokuvuthwa engu-28 mm etholakala eceleni kwesiteshi sehlaka.

Ukumisa okwesikhashana kuncike, emithonjeni emide elliptic (1550 mm) eyi-elliptic enama-gaskets phakathi kwamashidi. Kuwo wonke amasondo, ama-absorbers ama-telescopic ama-absorber ama-absorbers afakiwe.

Isistimu ye-Brake

Imoto "ZIL-4104" yayinezikebhe zama-disc ezisebenza ngamagesi onke. I-disk zangaphambili zingama-292 mm ububanzi, ububanzi be-33 mm, ama-disks angemuva angama-316 mm ububanzi, no-32 mm ubukhulu.

I-drive ye-hydraulic, ihlukaniswe yaba amasondo amabili azimele, isebenza kuwo wonke amasondo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwehluleka kwegatsha elilodwa, ukungabikho kwamabhuleki kwakungazwakala, umsebenzi wawukhokhwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngomugqa wokugcina. Isistimu yanikezwa i-vacuum amplifier esemqoka kanye nama-autuumous hydro vacuum amabili. I-brake yokupaka ye- drum uhlobo yayakhiwe ngaphakathi kwezingxenyeni zangasese zangasese.

Ukuguqulwa

Ngesisekelo se "ZIL-4104" ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezinhloso ezihlukahlukene kwadalwa:

• Isibonelo se-41041, imoto esheshayo, ene-wheelbase emfushane. Ukunciphisa ubude nesisindo somshini kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo futhi kwanikeza izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.
• "ZIL-41042" - inguquko yezokuthutha kwezikhulu eziphezulu ezikhungweni zezokwelapha. Imoto yayinomnyama kuphela futhi yayihlinzekwa yiqembu labodokotela abathathu abaqeqeshiwe. Esikhathini sokugqoka kwakungekho imishini yokubuyisela kabusha, kuphela i-stretcher ephakathi.

• Ukuguqulwa 41043 - imoto yokukhulumisana okukhethekile, ikhishwe ngesisekelo se-41042, umuntu onolwazi oluhle. Ephahleni kwakuyi- antenna ejikelezayo yokuxhumana nohulumeni, futhi umzimba wawuvikelwe ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwe-elektroniki.

• "ZIL-41044" - isigaba somkhosi sokuthutha uNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela kanye nomlawuli we-parade e-Red Square. Ngokuphelele, kwakhiqizwa izimoto ezintathu, enye yazo yayisendlini.

• Ukuguqulwa 41045 - konke okwenziwe kungashintshi, kodwa kusukela emzimbeni kususwe ukubunjwa okukhanyelayo, izixhumanisi ze-chrome ezisuka ezinamasondo, ezinye izakhi ezihlobisa imoto. Lokhu kubangelwa ukushintshwa koNobhala Jikelele we-CPPS ngo-1983.

Izimoto zaseSoviet

Imboni yemoto yase-USSR ka-1955-1975 yabanjelwa ezitshalweni ezintathu zokusebenza: i-Gorky (GAZ), i-Likhachev Plant (iZIL), iStalin Plant (ZIS), eyenza amaloli nezimoto zesigaba sokumela. Ngokuvamile, "i-limousine yamaSoviet" yayinokuncintisana futhi inokwethenjelwa.

Izimoto zamakilasi ezimele - uhlu:

• "ZIS-110" - imoto yokuqala yeSoviet yeklasi elimele, ukukhululwa kwaqala ngo-1945.
• "ZIL -111" - ukukhiqizwa kwakhiwa ngo-1958 esitshalweni saseKakhachev, kungokwesigaba sezimoto ezimele.
• "I-GAZ-12" i-ZIM - ummeli wokuqala wezitshalo e-Nizhny Novgorod, yahlanganiswa ngesandla kusukela ngo-1948.
• "I-GAZ-13" I-Seagull - "i-limousine" ye-Gorky Automobile Plant, ukukhululwa kusungulwa ngo-1959.
• "I-GAZ-14" I-Seagull eyenziwe ngesandla kusukela ngo-1977, ingenye yezimoto ezimele kakhulu embonini yezimoto zaseSoviet.

Izakhiwo

Njengamanje, abaqoqi, amamodeli aseSoviet izimoto zesigaba sokumela abhiqizwa ngohla olugcwele, ngesilinganiso esingu-1:43, okuyinto evame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ukuhleka.