Adume Alexander saseNevsky? Izikhombisi-main womsebenzi kwesikhulu

Imilando Yobukhosi Bamuva isimo Russian inamakhulu izinhlamvu. Omunye wabo ushiye i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa kumlando. Adume Alexander saseNevsky, is ukuze wonke umuntu onekareko ekubeni isimo Russian ezaziwayo. Namuhla kukhona eziningi mpikiswano phakathi izazi-mlando zanamuhla mayelana nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi lokhu ubuntu ezithakazelisayo.

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha Prince

Biography Aleksandra Nevskogo (izinsuku ukhiye basuke bagxila iminyaka 1233-1263) owake wabona ngokuya impumelelo yawo yezempi. Kodwa futhi ezithakazelisayo izikhathi wobusha kanye kumiswa ubunjalo Grand Duke.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, u-Alexander wazalwa ngo-May 1220 edolobheni lase-Pereslavl-Zaleski, eminye imithombo igama 1221 njengoba usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, kuyilapho abanye bakhomba kwesikhathi ngaphezulu - iminyaka 1238-1240.

Alexander wayeyindodana Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich omsa Umkhulu edume Vsevolod Nest Big. Unina - Feodosiya Mstislavna Toropetskaya, indodakazi Mstislav Udatnogo, iSikhulu Novgorod futhi Galician.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, bekhulisa uyise ka-Alexander wayegxila. Ngo 1225 umfana lokukhula ndinyana olimini amaqhawe. Prince kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala inkositini ezindabeni zezempi uphumelele kanye amaqhinga. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ukuthi uhambo lwakhe lokuqala noyise ukuze Dorpat, lapho kuqala balwa Livonians. Lamakhono kuyoba usizo kuye, nangonyaka wokubusa, futhi ekulweni nezitha. Othile lapho ebathenga ingqondo unobuqili othile, kodwa ikakhulu wajabulela elidala nendlela efakazisiwe - ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kubalulekile ukwedlula edumile Alexander saseNevsky emakhulwini eminyaka.

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

Ngo 1226, uyise washiya ngonyaka nesishiyagalolunye namashekeli oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili uTheodore Alexander ukubusa Novgorod, bheka ngemuva isikhulu boyar Fedor Danilovich futhi Yakim umdala. Kodwa intukuthelo ka-Novgorod enganikanga ezicukuthwaneni abasha ukuba ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi isikhathi eside, futhi ulishiyile izwe. Kodwa kakade 1230 abakhileyo la mazwe futhi ngokuthi Yaroslav ukuba libuse phezu kwabo, yena usayine isivumelwano ne izakhamuzi zendawo ezinazo nababusi njengoba kwesokunxele emuva abantwana babo.

Kusukela 1231, u-Alexander nomfowabo iba Prince esisemthethweni Novgorod. iminyaka engu-2 kamuva, ngobusuku bangaphambi umshado wakhe, leso Fedor othile eshona kungazelelwe, futhi zonke izintambo lidlule Alexander.

Ngo 1236 wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev futhi Novgorod imithetho siqu. inqubomgomo Domestic kwesikhulu abasha kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa amandla abo futhi bavikele izwe ezitheni zangaphandle, futhi ngalezo zinsuku, babebaningi.

Alexander yakha izinqaba, kuqinisa imingcele impahla yawo. Iqoqa izintela, uthola amalebula efeni Khan emazweni Russian ngokhahlo ukucindezela izibhelu futhi beyisixuku kuvukela. Eminyakeni 50 ngemva ayehlasela AmaTatar e uVladimir, yena kabusha umuzi, unaka ngokukhethekile emathempelini. Kodwa imisebenzi esemqoka babegxile inqubomgomo angaphandle. Prince Aleksandr Yaroslavich saseNevsky eyalo ukuhlakanipha kwakhe, zobuqili ithalente kule nkambu.

I zithwala inqubomgomo angaphandle

Izenzakalo Prince Alexander of Novgorod, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengumuntu abanamakhono nomholi wezempi futhi ohlakaniphile. Ukuqinisa cordons ezibonakalayo siqu bese silwa ukuhlaselwa njalo Knights Livonian isiSwidi, Prince wazama namaqhinga yezingxoxo zezombusazwe ukulinganisela elala Golden zidlamlilo, futhi ugweme ayehlasela AmaTatar. Incithakalo ukulahlekelwa yokuphila komuntu ngemva kokuba ukungqubuzana enjalo ayemakhulu kakhulu. Kuzindla umbuzo ngalokho edumile Alexander saseNevsky, udinga nje ukukhumbula impumelelo yakhe zamanxusa, nginike lo msebenzi we-vector futhi impumelelo yayo enkulu.

Esinye isici esibangela inqubomgomo angaphandle - Lala Vatican. Kokunye yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ukusho ukuthi uPapa ezihlongozwayo ukuhambisa isikhulu Russian ngesikhathi ukholo Latin, kodwa wala waphetha inketho okunjalo.

Ubudlelwano nge abaseSweden, Danes, amaJalimane naseLithuania

Warriors wathumela umunwe sobupapa, e 1238 wahamba wayokulwa le ubukhulu Novgorod. Ngalesi sikhathi emkhankasweni yahanjelwa le Danes, abaseSweden kanye Livonian Order. Into yokuqala ukuthi eyaduma Alexander saseNevsky phambi Battle of Lake Peipus, - kuba ukunqotshwa lesitha phezu Izhora. Ngo 1240, impi senzeka emlonyeni emfuleni Izhora Danish Knights. ubuholi Independent kwezinhloko zamaviyo nesibindI kuboniswe ukulwa, alethwe ukunqoba Novgorod.

Ngo 1242, u-Alexander ibuyisela ukulawula Pskov. Ngo-April walowo nyaka ofanayo kuthatha beka abadumile Battle Eqhweni, lapho umkhuzi bangquzula zamaJalimane Knights and wethiwa saseNevsky. Ngo 1245 yena Ukudabuka ibutho Lithuanian.

Njengoba sazi kusukela lokuqala isandla, nalezi zizwe, Prince hhayi kuphela elwa, kodwa futhi ukuba babe nobuhlobo ukuhweba, imishado kwezingane zabo.

Zolotaya Orda kanye nenqubomgomo isikhulu

Ngemva kokufa kukayise, u-Alexander wayenethemba lokuthi uthole ishothikhathi ibhodi uVladimir, kodwa intando ezweni wasuka Andreya umfowabo, futhi saseNevsky kwaba eNovgorod. U-Andreya waba Umphikisi okuqina we AmaTatar, no-Aleksandru labetibambile Inqubomgomo ukulalela. Ngo 1252, U-Andreya nomfowabo ngoJarosław babe ngokumelene AmaTatar bahlulwa ngokuphelele, no-Andreya ngobuqili waya Khan Meng futhi ithole ishothikhathi ubunikazi wonke amazwe akwa-Russian. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, isikhulu kulandele inqubomgomo appeasement we AmaTatar.

Izazi-mlando, ukhuluma ngalokho Alexander saseNevsky baduma, kodwa ngokuwina phezu Livonian Order, kukhulunywa kaningana inqubomgomo yakhe zamanxusa ngokumelene AmaTatar. Prince wakwazi ayokwakha kabusha umuzi awubavumelanga ukuqedela ekubhujisweni, nakuba kwaba inzalo yakhe kuphumelele lokushintsha lwesiTatar-Mongol ijoka Russia.