Ngo Senzeka ngamuphi unyaka Ice?

Omunye Amakhasi bhá yomlando Russian, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi ekujabulisayo umcabango abafana mlando nesithakazelo - a Battle of the Ice, noma Battle of Lake Peipus. Kulesi impi amabutho isiRashiya ababevela emadolobheni amabili Novgorod futhi uVladimir, eholwa abasha Alexander Nevski, kakade Sibhalwe isidlaliso saseNevsky wanqoba amabutho Order Livonian.

Ngo Senzeka ngamuphi unyaka Ice? The Battle of Lake Chud senzeka ngo-Ephreli 5, 1242. Kwaba impi ewumnqamula-juqu ku ekulweni namabutho Order, ngaphansi kwebhaxa ukuthi ukusabalala ukholo lwabo misela emazweni amasha bona. Nokho, By endleleni, ngale impi ngokuvamile ukhulunyelwa 'njengenkosi nempi amaJalimane, akunjalo. I Livonian Order yayisesigodini aseBaltic. Ukwakheka kwezinhloko zamaviyo eqinisweni Knights nge nabasizi bakhe, akhonze ngaphansi kwabo futhi izidlamlilo ze-Danish Owesizwe Chud, okhokho Estonia yesimanje. Futhi igama elithi "German" Ngalezo zinsuku nabizelwa labo ungakhulumi ngesiRashiya.

Impi yaphela ngo-eqhweni Lake Chud, waqala ngo 1240, futhi ekuqaleni Kwakusinda kwehlela bebheke Livonians: Kulokhu bayiswa emadolobheni ezifana Pskov futhi Izhora. Ngemva kwalokho, laba bahlaseli waqala ukuyokudla ezweni Novgorod. Kuze Novgorod bafika angu-30. Mangisho ukuthi ngesikhathi u-Alexander Yaroslavovich ebusa Pereslavl-Zalessky, lapho waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye Novgorod. Esikhathini 40s sekwephuzile, izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha ngokuthi iSikhulu emuva, futhi akazange wokubheka kanye izikhalo ubudala, wahola amabutho Novgorod.

Kakade 1241, entshontsha iningi Livonians ka Novgorod futhi Pskov. Entwasahlobo ka-1242 esuka khona amabutho isiphephelo Livonian Order, edolobheni Dorpat, sakhishwa kwesimo endaweni iyunithi. Ngezinye 18 amakhilomitha ukusuka lapho ucala khona kubhala, bahlangana neqembu Rus. Kwaba ihlukane ezincane, okuyinto wahamba phambi kwamabutho eyinhloko Prince Alexander saseNevsky. Ngenxa ibhece, Knights ayethambekele bakholelwa ukuthi amandla main uzokwazi ukunqoba kulula. Yingakho sebenqume ukunikeza impi ewumnqamula-juqu.

Ukubhekelela saseNevsky Kwase kufika onke amalunga izindondo ibutho eholwa Master. Kusukela amabutho Novgorod bahlangana Lake Chud. Imibhalo yisho Nokho, ukuthi Ice yayiseduze itshe Raven, ukucacisa kahle lapho kwenzeka, izazi-mlando kungukuthi kuthathwe. Kukhona inguqulo impi senzeka eduze siqhingi, esingamakhilomitha kube yilolu suku libizwa Amagwababa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi itshe Amagwababa ngokuthi idwala ezincane, okuyinto manje ngaphansi kwethonya namanzi yaphenduka sandstone. Futhi ezinye izazi-mlando ngesisekelo zemihla Prussian, othi Knights efile wawela utshani, kuphothulwe ngokuthi impi zenzeka ngokoqobo eduze nogu, ngakho ukukhuluma, e sasemhlangeni.

Knights kwaba ingulube yakhe ngokwezifiso ujenga. Leli gama kwaba ukwakhiwa empini, lapho bonke abantu ababuthakathaka zafakwa phakathi, futhi phambili ezinhlangothini abagibele amahhashi abo simboziwe. SaseNevsky nanomuntu abaphikisi babo kokuthi eyakhelwe amabutho akhe umpofu, okungukuthi elihamba wempi, ngokuthi izithende. Impi zikleliswe like incwadi V Roman, notch phambili. Isitha empini ubuyingxenye yaleli sekhefu, futhi ngokushesha sazithola phakathi kwezitha imigqa emibili.

Ngakho, u-Alexander Yaroslavovich eziphoqelelwe Knights impi isikhathi eside, kunokuba senze ngendlela evamile mashi wabo onqobayo ngokusebenzisa amabutho esitha. Shi ekukhulekeleni belwa abahlaseli elihamba ehlaselwa kusukela ezinhlangothini nokuncika amabutho isandla kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Lokhu kushintsha kwezinto ngabo kwaba nhlobo, futhi ukudideka baqala ashona, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana nje ukuba abalekele ignominiously. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho elwa weza Equestrian abaqamekeli ibutho.

Russian waxosha isitha sakhe ngokusebenzisa Lake Peipsi. Kukholakala ukuthi kuleli qophelo amabutho esitha wangena phansi iqhwa. Ziyasatshalalaiswa umbono ukuthi lokhu kwakubangelwa izikhali asindayo Knights. Kuyinto kungalungile ukusho ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Heavy ipuleti nasezembathweni Knights yasungulwa kamuva namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva. Esikhathini XIII leminyaka, izingalo zabo akazange zehluke izingalo kwesikhulu iqhawe Russian nangesigqoko, uchungechunge mail, esifubeni, amahlombe, Greaves futhi bracers. Yebo, futhi imishini enjalo akugcinanga lapho. Yehlulekile njengoba ice Knights isizathu ehluke ngokuphelele. Kucatshangwa saseNevsky wasiphosela engxenyeni kwechibi, lapho, ngenxa izici ezihlukahlukene ice kwaba njengoba donsile njengoba kwezinye izindawo.

Zikhona nezinye izinguqulo. Ezinye amaqiniso, okungukuthi irekhodi Ngishoné Knights livela kuphela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla kusukela ngekhulu XIV, futhi lezo ezenziwe phezu izithende lokhu alikho igama elithi, nokuthi phansi echibini usengakathelwa efumana iminonjana Knights of the Order Livonian, basikisela ukuthi lokhu nje legend amahle, okuyinto akuhlangene ne ngokoqobo.

Noma ngabe yikuphi, Battle Eqhweni phezu ukunqotshwa okuphelele Order. We khulula sitholwa kuphela yilabo ivaliwe ohlelweni, okungukuthi, inkosi yena futhi ezinye nethimba lakhe. Kamuva, ukuthula kwaphethwa ngokuthi i-inzuzo kakhulu izimo Russia. Invaders sazilahla zonke izimangalo kuya womuzi onqotshiwe, futhi wayeka elwa. Imingcele esungulwe ngaleso sikhathi, baba namanje efanele emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi Battle of Ice e 1242 kwafakazela ukuphakama amabutho Russian namasu lokulwa isiRashiya, amaqhinga namasu European.