Revolution Glorious (Revolution Glorious). Revolution Okukhazimulayo Okubonisa 1688

Umlando of England XVII ekhulwini - isikhathi isiyaluyalu uthuthumele ezinzima. Ukuze le nkathi fanele kanye "Revolution Mnandi" e 1688. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi leli esiqakathekileko umlando Great Britain.

Umlando of England: kafushane mayelana isimo ngobusuku bangaphambi inguquko

Ngemva ukubuyiselwa uStuart lwamakhosi iziqondiso 1685 eNgilandi kaCharles II. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela sobukhosi Kuthiwa uJames II, le nsizwa yenkosi. Karl akuwenzanga ingakabi nayo indlalifa, njengoba yena cha fanele ntwana esisemthethweni. Kuthiwa uJames II Wagcina IsiZulu yinkosi-zamaKatolika.

Ngo 1677, indodakazi endala ka owayezoba inkosi yakwa-Maria samukelwa, ezingqubuzana nentando yakhe, ngoba Vilgelma Oranskogo. It kuthiwa indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi ngenxa nazingane kaCharles II.

KaJakobe Liberal Party ePhalamende wazama ukunqabela ilungelo sobukhosi ngenxa ukunamathela kwakhe ukuba iSonto LamaKatolika. Yena kusolakala ukuhileleka uzungu bamaKatolika, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba siphume siphele kuleli zwe. Kodwa ukuzama ukuphuca UMbusi isimangalo York yesihlalo sobukhosi okubangelwa wokumelana abasekeli bakhe we the Liberal Party wePalamende (Whig), kanye nomfowethu omncane kaCharles II ngokukhululekile linyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva kokufa kwenkosi.

Kuthiwa uJames II Board

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokho "Revolution Mnandi", kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele wokubusa Kuthiwa uJames II. Lapho inkosi entsha iningi ephalamende babé Ya empumelelweni bese uhlala (amalungu Conservative Party), abalandeli bayo. Kuthiwa uJames II akazange ntombazane uzwela kusukela British ngoba wayengumKatolika oshisekayo.

Ukubusa kwakhe kweminyaka ayenakho ukuqala nokucindezela kuvukela, okuyinto wahlela ndodana engumlanjwana kaCharles II Dzheyms Skott. Wayehlala eNetherlands, lapho inkosi entsha ngesiNgisi ezondwa, futhi kwaba amaProthestani. Ngemva ukukhishwa uCharles I Dzheyms Skott nonina waphoqeleka ukuba niye ekudingisweni. Ikakhulukazi isihloko Duke of Monmouth yadalelwa kuye.

Ngemva kokufika ogwini Great Britain, uScott uthe ilungelo lakhe isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi. Kwakuthinta elajoyinwa Scottish Marquis of Argyll. Empini ne-royal ibutho bakhi bahlulwa ikhanda. Kodwa inkosi nabahluleli bakhe ukuyiveza kwavukelwa nge ngesihluku yokuthi perturbation yemisebenzi yayo bekugcwele izizathu ukuxoshwa le nkosi, futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekwaziweni kombuso, wathandwa historiography British isihloko esilandelayo - Revolution Mnandi.

amathemba engamanga

Eminyakeni yokugcina wokubusa kaCharles II - yisikhathi asabela ngayo lapho ePhalamende sike sahlangana, kanye nokuphikiswa kumuntu inkosi yabantwana Whigs owayehlakazekile futhi asihlelekile nhlobo. Nakuba uMbusi York ubizwa ngokuthi reactionaries, ukuphikiswa yayifisa ukuba ushintshe isimo kuleli zwe futhi ukuqedwa ukuphendula.

Amathemba yayiyize. Kuthiwa uJames II emva ukucindezelwa yokuhlubuka, ezethemba, baqala ukubuthana ibutho ngokugcwele ngaphansi kwebhaxa esiphikisayo ukuvukelwa kombuso. Konke okuthunyelwe ukhiye isimo wabeka amalungu aleli enkolweni yamaKatolika. Ngonyaka ka-yakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi, yena ziyoncibilika ephalamende nokuningi phakathi nokubusa kwayo ngeke neze. Noshushiso nokuphikiswa yezenzo zabo akakwazi ukwamukela esandleni senkosi nasezikhulwini ngokushesha wagudluzwa esikhundleni sakhe njengoba abakhonondayo. Kuthiwa uJames II ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo oyedwa umgomo - ukusungulwa ngokuphelele amandla leli lizwe Catholic wasebukhosini. Ngenxa yalokho, amalungu amaningi ukuphikiswa zaphoqeleka ukuba zibalekele eNetherlands. Awunelisekile izenzo iNkosi, wasuka kuye kanye labalandeli abathembekile - the Tories, ababesaba Catholic Church amandla inzuzo kuleliya lizwe.

Imbangela ngokushesha kokugumbuqelwa Kuthiwa uJames II

"Revolution Mnandi" esenzeka England, wayenesizathu esihle buqala. Inkosi enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi kakade engu abadala, cha fanele ntwana. unkosikazi Kuthiwa uJames II sika iminyaka engu-15 sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi eyinyumba. Ngakho-ke izinqubomgomo wajaha Angenelisekile yinkosi ababenethemba lokuthi kuzoba ngayo ukuthi ngemva ukuhamba elingaphakathi nesihlalo sobukhosi liyakubelusa kudlule indodakazi yakhe endala kuMariya wathatha okholweni amaProthestani wayeshade Vilgelmom Oranskim.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kungalindelekile wonke umuntu inkosi osekhulile 1688 indlalifa wazalwa. Ngokushesha amahemuhemu ayesakazwa ukuthi kwaba ingane yomunye, ngubani ngasese kuyiswe esigodlweni. Lezi zingxoxo zazibangelwa yokuthi lapho kuzalwa Umqhele Prince ukuwo kuphela yilabo abamele enkolweni yamaKatolika, futhi ngisho Indodakazi encane u-Anna akakuvumelanga unina.

revolution

Emva kokuzalwa indlalifa British yesihlalo sobukhosi wethemba ushintsho isimo e-England, ukuphikiswa has no choice. Bobabili Tories kanye Whigs, kanye ingxenye sezikhulu zebutho uzungu. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukususa senkosi esasivela amandla, esikhundleni salo kufakwe umkhwenyana wakhe nendodakazi yakhe - iSikhulu Orange noMariya. osopolitiki British abavelele ngibona ingekho enye indlela ngaphandle, wabhala umyalezo imfihlo Prince, bemncenga ukuhlasela iNgilandi ekuketulweni kayise livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Umyalezo uthi labantu shoka umbuso futhi zonke bayokujabulela ukubona ngasekhanda yenkosi zobuProthestani England.

Ngemva umlayezo othunyelwe, ingxenye lezi zihlubuki bahlakazeka kulo lonke leli zwe zifuna imali kanye nomfelandawonye.

Kuthiwa uJames II ayikwazanga ukuyisiza kokubona amalungiselelo kwabozungu unqume ukwenza ethize, kuyilapho abaphikisi bakhe nezenzo abayi kude kakhulu. Kodwa ukuyeka kokuhlubuka kwase engasakwazi.

"Glorious Revolution" waqala Novemba 15, 1688, lapho abantu ePrince of Orange, wafikela ogwini ngesiNgisi. Ibutho wabuthanisa umxhwele futhi cishe ngokuphelele sakhiwa amaProthestani. Sasiphakathi, futhi lapho ebhekene nokuphikiswa, abashiya izwe ngenxa yoshushiso kaJakobe.

Umphumela inguquko eNgilandi: kokugumbuqelwa inkosi eqale kukaWilliam III

Ukubukeka ibutho uWilliam eNgilandi ezenza yokuthi iningi izinduna Kuthiwa uJames II ngokushesha wathatha ohlangothini, unyana wakhe, umthetho. indodakazi yeNkosi u-Anna, futhi sasuka kuye, saya ekamu lakwa-Prince of Orange.

Kwesobunxele ngaphandle ibutho, uJakobe wazama uxoxisane kwabozungu, bese bazama ukuba abalekele France, lapho kusenesikhathi wathumela umkakhe nendodana. Endleleni, lapho elathunjwa futhi wabuyela eLondon. Kamuva, ngosizo uWilliam, owahlela ukweqa kwakhe, Korol Yakov II wakwazi ukushiya England.

"Revolution Mnandi" ngo 1689, lapho uWilliam noMariya base bamemezela ababusi iPhalamende England.

Ngemva kokufa sikaMariya eminyakeni embalwa kamuva nomyeni wakhe leliya lizwe ngaphansi kwegama omunye uWilliam III. Ngokwezazi-mlando, okuye kwaba a Umbusi ohlakaniphile futhi wezinguquko. Kulapho-ke waqala nethonya elikhulayo England nase ukuguqulwa yayo komunye amandla ngokuphepha okunamandla komhlaba wonke. Phakathi nokubusa uWilliam III «soMqulu wamaLungelo" yadalwa, kuze kube phakade ekuqedeni kungenzeka njengamanje lokusungulwa eNgilandi kwamakhosi ngokuphelele.