Umlando Omfushane weNgilandi Nezakhiwo Zabo Zasebukhosini

Insimu yaseNgilandi yesimanje, ngo-55 BC, ngesikhathi amabutho kaJulius Caesar ehlasela, yahlalwa yizizwe ezingamaCeltic ezazizibiza ngokuthi iBrithani. Ngenxa yokuhlasela, lonke ingxenye engaseningizimu yesiqhingi yaba yingxenye yoMbuso WaseRoma. Insimu yonke, manje ehlala eNgilandi naseWales yanamuhla, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Roman Britain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando wase-England usuvele uhlangene nezizwe zaseJalimane. Ekhulwini lesihlanu AD, uMbuso WaseRoma wawa, bese amaBrithani aphendukela emazweni angamaJalimane ukuba avikele ekuhlaselweni kwezizwe zamaCeltic ezisenyakatho, eScots nasePyts.

Izizwe ezizayo zaseJalimane zazinamaqembu amathathu: amaSaxon, Angles nase-Utahs. AmaJalimane asheshe aqonda insimu yaseBrithani futhi kancane kancane aqala ukuwaxosha ensimini yaseWales naseConwall. Kancane kancane, imibuso ehlukene yasungulwa emazweni anezakhamuzi zaseJalimane. Ngemva kwalokho, le mibuso yahlanganisana nemibuso eyisikhombisa, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "i-Anglo-Saxon heptarchy." Omunye walawa maMesiya angama-Anglo-Saxon ngezikhathi ezithile wathola ukulawula phezu kwensimu enkulu yaseNgilandi. Le nkosi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Britwald", okuhunyushwe ngayo ngokusho kwesihloko esithi "uMbusi waseBrithani".

Lokhu kwaqhubeka isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke umlando wase-England awukwazi ukucacisa usuku oluzoqala ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina kombuso. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwafika esikhathini lapho amaViking aseDenmark ahlasela ingxenye engasempumalanga yeNgilandi ngenkathi ehlasela, okwaphoqa yonke imibuso yaseBrithani ukuba ihlangene amabutho ukuze ivikele. Inkosi yokuqala ye-England yonke ivame ukubizwa ngeNkosi Wessex Egbert, owafa ngo-839. Kodwa-ke, umlando wase-England uphakamisa ukuthi isihloko esithi "iNkosi yaseNgilandi" savela kuphela izizukulwane ezimbili kuphela - esikhathini lapho u-Alfred the Great ebusa khona iziqhingi (871-899).

Ezinye izazi-mlando ziqhuba izibalo zazo, ziqaphela izenzakalo ezibalulekile zomlando kanye nezimpi eNgilandi. Isibonelo, ababusi bombuso babalwa kusukela ekunqobeni kukaNorman ngo-1066. Lolu suku luvame ukusetshenziswa uma ubhala amakhosi aseNgisi njengephuzu lezinga. Isibonelo, u-Eduard I, ogqotshwe ngekhulu le-13, wayengeyena inkosi yokuqala yokuphatha igama elinjalo, kodwa wayengu-Edward wokuqala, uma ebalwa kusukela ngo-1066 kuya phambili. Kulo nyaka uMbusi waseNormandy, uWilliam uMnqobi, wathatha iNgilandi waba iNkosi uWilliam I, ngaleyo ndlela wasungula ubukhosi bama-Anglo-Normans. Kodwa-ke, uWilliam uMnqobi akayena umsunguli waseNgilandi futhi akazange ahlangane nezwe, wabamba kuphela iNgilandi esele ikhona kakade, lapho efaka khona ukubusa kukaFranco-Norman.

Kwabe sekuvela umbuso, okuthiwa i-Plantagenet (1154-1485). Ngalesi sikhathi, umlando weNgilandi ubaluleke kakhulu empini yeMinyaka Eyinkulungwane ede kakhulu neFrance (1337-1453). Kusukela ngo-1485 kuya ku-1603 eNgilandi, inkosi yaseTudor yabusa. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi samandla amakhulu kanye nokuqiniswa kwe-English absolutism, isikhathi seNguquko. Inkosi yaseTudor yaphela ngokubusa kuka-Elizabeth I, owavuma isonto lase-Anglican. Ngo-1603 umbuso weStuarts waba namandla eNgilandi, eyayiyinkosi yamakhosi aseScotland naseNgisi. I-King James I yaphumelela esihlalweni sobukhosi sika- Elizabeth I. Lesi sikhathi sikahulumeni sasimiswe yimpi yombango eyavela ngenxa yenkinga yokuguqula iholwa ngu- Oliver Cromwell.

Naphezu kokuthi kamuva kubuyiselwa kwenkosi yaseStuart, uHanover waba namandla ngo-1714. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwabo, ibutho laseBrithani laphumelela ukunqoba kukaJune 18, 1815 e-Battle of Waterloo phezu kwamabutho aseNapoleon. Kusukela ngo-1837 kuya ku-1901, ukubusa kwadluliselwa eNdunankulu Victoria. Le nkathi icatshangelwa ukuthi iyinhloko yezinsuku zaseBrithani. Kusukela ngo-1917, ubukhosi obubusayo embusweni kwakuyinkosi yaseM windsor.