Battle of Navarino. Okukhulu impi lezindiza ku 1827. Imiphumela

Navarino ulwandle impi, eyaqala uma libalele, Okthoba 20, 1927 ku bay eponymous, hhayi kuphela ingenye Amakhasi ekhazimulayo kakhulu emlandweni yemikhumbi yasekhaya, kodwa kubuye kube isibonelo salokho eRussia kanye amazwe baseNtshonalanga Yurophu ungathola esivumelana ngakho lapho kuziwa ukwephula amalungelo nenkululeko ezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Yethula umfela ngokumelene bagongobaliswe uMbuso WaseTurkey, eBrithani, eRussia kanye France abahlinzeke usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa kubantu ngesiGreki umzabalazo wabo ukuzimela.

Russia nase-Europe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX

Empire Russian ekhulwini le-19, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqotshwa kukaNapoleon iCongress of Vienna, yaba ilungu egcwele emikhankasweni yezombusazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela walo ku-yalolucwaningo 1810-1830. Kwaba okukhulu kangangokuthi wafuna ukusekelwa zonke izimo ucishe ezibalulekile. Wadala at the isinyathelo-Alexander I, oNgcwele Alliance, injongo eyinhloko owawungumnyaka ukulwa ukuze kulondolozwe ekhona emazweni ase-European, nemibuso yezombangazwe, isibe ithuluzi ebalulekile kwethonya zonke izindaba kwamazwe ase-Europe.

Omunye ubuthakathaka yeYurophu ikota yokuqala yekhulu XIX kancane kancane ebhidlikayo uMbuso WaseTurkey. Naphezu kwakho konke imizamo yokuguqula, Turkey uya emuva izizwe ehola, kancane kancane ukuthi ingase ilahlekelwe ukulawula impahla, kuhlanganise ingxenye yombuso yayo. isikhundla Special kule nqubo matasa amazwe we eNhlonhlweni Yamazwe AseBalkan, okuyinto nge iso kungenzeka usizo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngokwethukela ekuqaleni ukulwela inkululeko yokuzimela.

Ngo 1821, waqala kwavukelwa ngesiGreki. Uhulumeni waseRussia uye wazithola esesimweni esinzima: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto Alliance ongcwele awuzange uvunyelwe ukusekela labo khulumela kubukezwe isimo esikhona, futhi ngakolunye - Orthodox amaGreki Sekuyisikhathi eside libhekwe njengelingcwele ngabangani bethu, ngenkathi elala Turkey cishe njalo kude kusukela elilungile. Kunalokho ngokuqapha ekuqaleni ezihlobene le mihlangano kancane kancane sithathelwe indawo ingcindezi ezikhulayo ngokuya ku inzalo ka-Osman. Battle of Navarino e 1827 kwaba isiphetho esinengqondo yale nqubo.

Isendlalelo kanye main izizathu

Aphikisayo isiGreki Turkish isikhathi eside, azikho amaqembu awukwazanga sifinyelele bokuphakama juqu. Isimo esikhona manje uye waloba lo okuthiwa Akkerman Isentha ke imbangela isiphetho esinokuthula wathatha Russia asebenzayo, eFrance naseNgilandi. Nicholas mina wakwenza kwacaca Sultan Mahmud II, okuzodingeka ukuya ezivuna esinzulu ukulondoloza uthi Balkan njengengxenye umbuso wabo. Lezi zidingo umiselwe olandelwayo Petersburg ngo 1826, lapho amaGreki wathenjiswa ukuzimela ezibanzi, okubalwe kuwo nelungelo ukhetha somphakathi sezikhulu zakhona.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zivumelwano, Turkey ngawo wonke amathuba inesifiso yilo ngokumelene amaGreki uyaziqhenya ukuqothulwa kwesizwe okungokoqobo. ekugcineni Lokhu kwaholela Russia nabasizi balo European ukudlulela isinyathelo esiwujuqu ngaphezulu.

Lapho umgwaqo amabutho ngaphambi Battle of Navarino

Battle of Navarino wathola ukuthi isikhathi lapho imikhumbi-Turkish ubhekwa esingcono kakhulu eYurophu, sekudlule irrevocably. Sultan futhi Pasha kapudan Muharram Bey ephethwe ukukhulisa abahlala kule ndawo yaseMediterranean ungamandla umxhwele kakhulu. Ngaphezu langempela frigates Turkish singabantwana yempi ebhekiwe enamandla phezu kweGibhite bese ngikhipha Tunisia. Ngokuvamile, lokhu armada lalinabashumayeli 66 pennants, okuyinto has ezingaphezu kuka 2.100 izibhamu. -Turks wayengenza futhi ubale ekusekelweni wezikhali kogu, inhlangano zazo indima enkulu ngesikhathi sakhe abadlale onjiniyela French.

isigaba Federal, okuyinto umyalo jikelele ubudala esibonise eyiNgisi Codrington, kukhona abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha kuphela pennants cishe 1,300 izibhamu. Nokho, imikhumbi emgqeni - amandla main nganoma iyiphi impi asolwandle wesikhathi - bathola - eziyishumi kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ngokuqondene isigaba isiRashiya, ukuthi kufakwe ezine yempi futhi frigates, yayala isosha abanolwazi L. Heyden, ngubani yayiphethe ifulege phezu iwuhlelo "Azov".

Onesimo ngaphambi impi

Kakade kokuba eduze ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo ngesiGreki, umyalo Allied uye wazama okokugcina ukuxazulula ingxabano ngokuthula. Pasha ibragim phakathi nezingxoxo egameni Sultan wathembisa lwamasonto amathathu kuthula ukuthi cishe ngokushesha Saphulwa. Ngemva kwalokho, le azihlanganisa imikhumbi uchungechunge Flanking aqondisa ikhiyiwe-Turks e Navarino Bay, lapho labo ngaphansi kwesivikelo amabhethri enamandla ugu okuhloswe ukunikeza impi jikelele.

Battle of Navarino ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe elalahlwa abaseTurkey kokuba siqale. Ukukhetha lokhu bay kunalokho ewumngcingo, empeleni aye alahlekisela ngokwabo we inzuzo zezinombolo, njengoba ingxenye encane nje kuphela imikhumbi yabo kungenzeka kanyekanye balwe kule mpi. Coast wezikhali is wancika yi ukhamba yemikhumbi-Turkish, indima ekhethekile impi akazange ukudlala.

I oMfelandawonye bebehlela ukuhlasela amakholomu amabili: British kanye French kwadingeka yokuchitha flank sokunene, Russian imikhumbi yezempi - igcwaliswe ekuchithweni, ukuncika ohlangothini lwesobunxele yemikhumbi-Turkish.

Ukuqala impi

Ekuseni ngo-October 8, 1827 isigaba Anglo-isiFulentshi, okuyinto eduze abaphikisi zikleliswe ikholomu, qala moshini bebheke abaseTurkey. Esondela ngaphakathi kokudutshulwa, imikhumbi wayeka, futhi u-Admiral Codrington wathumela izithunywa ukuba abaseTurkey, abadutshulwa ngezibhamu. Shots uphawu lokuqala impi: nhlangothi zombili ngasikhathi sinye ukhuluma kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili izibhamu, wonke bay ukuthi zimbozwe intuthu acrid okusheshayo.

Kulesi sigaba, imikhumbi azihlanganisa ayikwazanga sifinyelele bokuphakama juqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kweminsalo Turkish okubangelwa sina umonakalo ngokwanele uhlelo Muhharey Bey kwaba elukhuni.

Battle of Navarino: entry yemikhumbi Russian futhi ushintsho olukhulu

Ngesikhathi lapho umphumela kwaliwa namanje kude ecacile, ngoba esebenzayo ukulwa imisebenzi waqala Heyden isigaba Russian, okuyinto kwaba buhlungu okuhloswe ngazo flank kwesokunxele abaseTurkey. I-frigate lokuqala "Hanko" esingu ibhethri ezisogwini, okuyinto engazange kwadingeka isikhathi ukwenza volleys eziyishumi. Khona-ke, emi kude uhlwayi isibhamu, imikhumbi Russian angene Duel labadubuli ne imikhumbi isitha.

Babekezelela impi yawa phezu kwezinsizwa iwuhlelo "Azov", ogama umkhuzi wayaziwa yasekhaya umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle Mikhail Lazarev. Njengoba inhloko-Russian ukulwa iyunithi, masinyane wajoyina impi ngemikhumbi ezinhlanu isitha, ocwilayo bobabili ngokushesha. Ngemva kwalokho, wagijima waya wangisiza we British elithi "Asiya", okuyinto bavulela ngenhlamvu ngokumelene iwuhlelo isitha. yempi Russian futhi frigates ngaziphatha nempi okuyisibonelo: ukuthatha indawo eliyifa lawo impi, angaphansi abanolaka isitha umlilo senziwa aqondisa esicacile nesasifike ngesikhathi, aminzisa ngamunye ngamunye Turkish futhi esigodlweni saseGibhithe. Lokho isigaba umzamo Heyden enikeziwe ushintsho olukhulu empini.

Ukuphela impi: ukunqoba okuphelele ngoxhaxha azihlanganisa

Battle of Navarino lwathatha amahora nje phezu ezine futhi emakamu eliphezulu kakhulu lomlilo ukugcwaliswa zijike ngokushesha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwaliwa on ensimini-Turkish, okuyi-Turks yayisikulungele sibi kakhulu. Eziningana emikhunjini yabo ngesikhathi ukunyakaza wacwila kanye esibambe kalula. Lwathi luphela kuseyihora lesithathu impi yayicacile, amabutho oMfelandawonye waqala ncintisana ngubani ngaphezulu echibini imikhumbi.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa olulodwa umkhumbi ukulwa, imikhumbi azihlanganisa ubhubhise yonkhe imikhumbi-Turkish: yokuphunyuka kwaba umkhumbi eyodwa kuphela, futhi wathola kabi. umphumela onjalo Sakushintsha zonke ibhalansi amabutho esifundeni.

Imiphumela

Battle of Navarino e 1827 kwaba okwandulela elandelayo impi Russian-Turkish. Omunye umphumela wayo kwaba noshintsho elibukhali isilinganiso amabutho isiGreki Turkish. Ngemva kokubhekana inqotshwa kabuhlungu, Turkey liye langena isikhathi esibucayi ezinkulu zezombangazwe. Wayengeyena kuze kube okhokho amaGreki, abaphuma hhayi kuphela uwine ukuzimela ezibanzi, kodwa futhi lethu lithole inkululeko egcwele ngokushesha.

1827 emlandweni Russia - ke kungobunye isiqinisekiso amandla alo ezempi nezombusazwe. Ukuthola ukwesekwa lamazwe ezifana naseFrance, wakwazi kuzongisiza isimo ukuqinisa isikhundla salo enkundleni European.