Ukusebenza okunengqondo. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi logic imisebenzi

Ikhompyutha isayensi njengoba isayensi wokuqoqa amasu, ahlele aphinde ukucubungula ezihlukahlukene idatha ucala kutfutfukisa phakathi nekhulu-lamashumi amabili. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kumiswa computer science sabekwa ekhulwini le-17, kanye kokusungulwa wokubala lokuqala mechanical, iningi iyihlanganise ne engu-okuthuthukile ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Esikhathini 40s kwekhulu lama-20, kanye nomhlaba obhekwe amakhompyutha lokuqala, computer science seluthole sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuthuthukiswa.

Isihloko cwaningo Informatics

Ngangithandaza ngokuqondene obhekwe amakhompyutha yokuqala sasidingeka ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku systematization, ukubala kanye ukucutshungulwa ezinkulu amasethi wedatha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa algorithm ayezosenza amandla aphelele amakhompyutha amasha. Informatics wathola isimo isiyalo ezimele yezesayensi, futhi bathutha indiza ka izibalo ukufunda kathisha bebonke.

ikhompyutha Zonke isayensi yesimanje kusekelwe imisebenzi okunengqondo. Abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi esibaluleke. Ngo izinhlelo, tangcondvomshini umqondo wokusebenza logic - kuba isenzo, okuyinto elakhiwe nangemuva kokwenza umqondo omusha noma value kwakhiwa ngesisekelo imiqondo ezikhona. Isethi yezenzo ezinjalo ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu element processor ezokhipha imiyalo. Nokho, kukhona ezinye imisebenzi evame ukubuzwa yibo cishe zonke izinhlelo ezikhona. Lo msebenzi, okuyinto ukusebenza ngokuqukethwe uyakwazisa ngokwabo, njengemithetho enqabela, noma lezo siguqula ambalwa kwebalingisi imiqondo - ungengeza, ususe, nande, ukuhlukana.

Operands kwemisebenzi okunengqondo

Njengoba logic algebra kusho umsebenzi lwemibono abstract ke njengoba operands yonke imisebenzi okunengqondo kukhona generalized izinhlobo idatha. izakhi Classical, usebenza nge izitatimende algebra kukhona izitatimende, okungamanga noma kweqiniso. Electronics kanye izinhlelo ngencazelo migomo isetshenziswa eziguquguqukayo Izimiso eziphusile ukubaluleka 1 (iqiniso) kanye 0 (amanga) kweqiniso nokwamanga noma inamba. On inhlanganisela lezi zimiso, njengoba Amazing kungase kuzwakale, umsebenzi kuboshelwe izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngezinga elikhulu. Zonke ikhodi uhlelo uyabulawa kwikhompyutha noma iyiphi idivayisi digital ngamandla uhumusha ukulandelana abathandekayo futhi amaqanda - ikhodi jikelele okungase kusetshenzwe nganoma iyiphi ukucubungula.

Izinhlobo imisebenzi okunengqondo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngawo the classic algebra Izimiso eziphusile , zikhona 2 izinhlobo imisebenzi. The main imisebenzi okunengqondo ku kanambambili izinhlobo idatha - kunezenzo ezithinta isitatimende ngokwayo (unary, noma eyodwa, operation). Lokhu kubuye imisebenzi ukuthi ukhiqize izitatimende entsha ngesisekelo amagugu ezikhona (imisebenzi kanambambili, noma elikabili). I-oda we imisebenzi okunengqondo kuyafana lapho enza izibalo kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, uma sicabangela kubakaki.

Elula futhi omunye wemisebenzi kakhulu owaziwa Izimiso eziphusile logic umsebenzi abamukeli. Lo msebenzi elula logic kuyinto ukubaluleka okuphambene we- input. Ngo-electronics, lesi senzo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-kombhala. Ngokwesibonelo, uma phendukisela isiphakamiso "iqiniso", umphumela uba "false". Futhi okuphambene nalokho - the kuphikisa lamanani "false" kuyophumela ohlotsheni ukubaluleka "iqiniso". Lo msebenzi izinhlelo okunengqondo livame ukusetshenziswa ekhelini algorithm kanye nokuqaliswa "ukukhetha" sesethi alandelayo imiyalo ngesisekelo imiphumela ekhona noma nezimo zishintsha.

ukusebenza kanambambili

Ngo computer bese usebenzisa isethi elilinganiselwe kanambambili (kanambambili) imisebenzi. Bafika igama labo emazwini Latin bi, okusho "ezimbili", futhi uhlobo imisebenzi ukuthi uthathe zimpikiswano ezimbili input bese ubuyela umphumela inani elisha eyodwa. Ukuze izincazelo yonke imisebenzi algebra Izimiso eziphusile isebenzisa iqiniso amatafula.

Labakudzingako

Lolu hlelo senziwa ethile operands input bese uchaza wonke amanani okuholela, okuyinto ungabuyela predetermined logic ukusebenza ngesikhathi wathi setha nemingcele input.

Imisebenzi evamise elisetshenziswa computer computer kukhona kwalokho okunengqondo (disjunction) kanye ukubuyabuyelela okunengqondo (ngokuhlangana).

ngokuhlanganyela

Ukusebenza okunengqondo "KANYE" - kuyinto umsebenzi kukhethwa elincane of ezimbili noma n okokufaka operands. Lapho bengena lo msebenzi ungaba ezimbili (umsebenzi kanambambili), amagugu ezintathu (ternary), noma inombolo engenamkhawulo operands (operation n-lekile). Lapho kubalwa umphumela umsebenzi kuzoba owesincane enikeziwe amagugu input.

Analogue e-algebra abavamile umsebenzi zokuphindaphinda. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela uvame ukubizwa njengomuntu ukubuyabuyelela okunengqondo. Lapho uphawu umsebenzi ukurekhoda izenzo noma uphawu (iphuzu) noma i-ampersand. Uma senza etafuleni iqiniso ngoba lo msebenzi, kuyoba kuyabonakala ukuthi umsebenzi isethelwe "iqiniso" noma 1, iqiniso kuphela kuzo zonke operands input. Uma okungenani eyodwa nemingcele okokufaka zero, noma ukubaluleka "false", umphumela umsebenzi beyoba "false".

Lesi saga sibonisa umfanekiso nge izibalo ukubuyabuyelela: ukubuyabuyelela, futhi noma iyiphi inombolo amaqoqo izinombolo 0 ngenxa ibuyisela njalo 0. Lo msebenzi anengqondo commutative: ngokulandelana elamukelayo imingcele okokufaka ngeke kuthinte yi sokugcina ukubala.

Esinye isici sale umsebenzi associativity, noma associativity. Le mpahla ivumela ukubala ukulandelana kanambambili kwemisebenzi akusho acabangele oda kokuhlaziywa. Ngakho-ke, i-3 noma ngaphezulu ezilandelene ukubuyabuyelela operation Akubalulekile acabangele kubakaki. Ngo izinhlelo, lo msebenzi ivame uqinisekise ukuthi imiyalo eqondile ababulawa kuphela uma aggregate kwemibandela ethile.

disjunction

Ukusebenza okunengqondo "NOMA" - ngesimo umsebenzi Izimiso eziphusile, okuyinto efana ukwengeza Aljibhra. Amanye amagama kulolu umsebenzi - kwalokho okunengqondo, disjunction. Ngokufanayo, njengoba ukubuyabuyelela operation okunengqondo, disjunction kungenzeka kanambambili (ukubala ukubaluleka ngokusekelwe zimpikiswano ezimbili), ternary noma n-lekile.

Ithebula iqiniso kulo msebenzi esinengqondo siwukuthi uhlobo elinye ithuba ngokuhlangana. Ukusebenza okunengqondo "NOMA" sinquma kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu phakathi agumenti enikeziwe. Disjunction uthola ukubaluleka okukhipha "false", noma 0 kuphela uma bonke nemingcele okokufaka wathola nge amagugu 0 ( "false"). Kunobe ngabe ngusiphi simo okukhiphayo izotholwa ngenani "iqiniso", noma 1. Ukurekhoda lo msebenzi wenziwa kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe uphawu zezibalo kwalokho ( "plus") noma emapheshana ezimbili mpo. I okufana yesibili isakazeke ngezilimi kakhulu izinhlelo kanye ayethanda ngoba ikuvumela ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile ukusebenza okunomqondo arithmetic.

I izakhiwo jikelele imisebenzi okunengqondo

Basic logic imisebenzi, kungaba unary, kanambambili, ternary noma eminye imisebenzi, angaphansi imithetho ethile futhi izakhiwo ezichaza ukuziphatha kwabo. Omunye izakhiwo obaluleke kangaka possessed ngenhla echazwe logic imisebenzi commutative.

Lesi sici kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi permutation ubeka ukubaluleka we- akashintshi. Akubona bonke opharetha babe lokhu impahla. Ngokungafani ngokuhlangana futhi disjunction ukuthi ukwanelisa izidingo commutativity, umsebenzi ka-matrix akusona, kanye rearrangement zezici kule kokuhlinzwa kuzobandakanya umphumela ushintsho, kanye Exponentiation.

Esinye isici

Esinye isici esibalulekile, okuyinto ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa electronics kanye busebenze, kuyinto kwakuwukuthi namabhuzu imisebenzi okunengqondo De Morgan imithetho.

Le mithetho uxhumano nomsebenzisi ngazimbili logic imisebenzi usebenzisa okunengqondo kuphikisa umsebenzi, ukuthi isetshenziswa ukuveza operation okunengqondo usebenzisa elinye. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela kuphikisa kungenzeka esashiwo kuphika disjunction operands ehlukile. Nge mithetho ukusebenza okunengqondo "KANYE", "NOMA" futhi vzaimovyrazheny ezingase zithathwe nge sakugcina hardware izindleko. Lesi sici ewusizo kakhulu design wesifunda, njengoba ikuvumela ukuba ugcine izisetshenziswa kulesi sibalo kanye kumiswa chips.