Cholerae Vibrio. I esiyingozi ikholera

Vibrio cholerae - amabhaktheriya ukuba umuntu ezinzima ukutheleleka emathunjini. Ejwayelekile ikholera kuyinto kokunqotshwa emathunjini amancane, ukuthuthukiswa acute imitholampilo ukudakwa, uhudo lwamanzi, ukuhlanza kakhulu futhi ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha kakhulu uketshezi lomzimba. ikholera bangaphila imvelo isikhathi eside, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kudinga umuntu (vibrionositel) nentuthuko yabo nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha. Abantu abanjalo ngeke ngiwuthole izimpawu kancane, njalo likhiphele imvelo ikholera ezingasho.

cholerae Vibrio sisuka umuntu umzila fecal-ngomlomo. Okungukuthi, indle igcwele amagciwane adedelwa imvelo (inhlabathi, amanzi), okuyinto ezithwalwa yizinambuzane, ngokuvamile izimpukane phezu ukudla kwansuku zonke izinto zasekhaya.

Isici ikholera ukuthi ngokuvamile kuphela osebenza ngesimo umqedazwe. The main foci sendawo ubhekwa Afrika, eLatin America, South-East Asia. Ikholera bubalwa izifo ngokuhlukaniswa.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona angaphezu kwelilodwa anamanci mane amaqembu Vibrio cholerae. ejenti Causative ikholera abamele serogroup O1 - Vibrio cholerae O1. Ngokusho izici zayo Vibrio cholerae mfushane induku lwalugobile, ne umsila. Lokhu amagciwane igramu-negative aerobic ezikhula ane-alikhali abezindaba izakhi i-lokushisa kuma of 10-40 degrees Celsius. Omunye ikholera - Vibrio cholerae El Tor uyakwazi hemolyze imvu erythrocyte.

Ukuvela ikholera

Kasibili zonke izindlela lapho ikholera ngocansi, ubheke indlela fecal-temlomo yokudlulisela. Umuntu ogulayo noma ukukhishwa vibriocarrier ku imvelo nekholera. Kusuka lapho Vibrio avame engena emanzini lapho abanye abantu futhi itheleleke nge nekholera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kungenzeka ukudla itheleleke ngesikhathi sokulungiselela, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuwasha noma isitoreji.

A indima ekhethekile ukusabalala ikholera ukudlala izimo ezimbi enelanga, okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwanda kwabantu, ukugeleza enkulu nezihambi eziqhamuka ngakuzo izindawo sekuphenduke umkhuba. Ngemva sifo 4-5% of amacala abantu babe abathwali ezingamahlalakhona we vibrio, okuyinto Itholakala gallbladder. Ikakhulukazi isici iyona isithwali asebekhulile. Kwezinye izimo, ukugula ezithwalwa ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba esinamandla serotype ukuthi kwathelela abantu.

bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni we Vibrio cholerae kuhluka kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (kufika ku emihlanu), kodwa ngokuvamile kuba amahora angu-24-48. Kobukhulu sifo ngamanye umuntu ngamunye. Izimpawu zesifo kungenziwa kokubili kusulwe futhi wamemezela (ezimweni ezinjalo, abantu bayafa ngosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili we abukhali amanzi emzimbeni).

izimpawu

Ikholera linani lelehlukile izimpawu nobuntu kuhlanganise: ukuqala acute, kakhulu uhudo lwamanzi izinsuku eziningana, isitulo has a pasty noma ukungaguquguquki ketshezi ukukhanya grey umbala, ayinaphunga. Ukuhlanza: okokuqala muva kudla, futhi kamuva kuba uketshezi, kepha efaniswe amanzi irayisi. Amazinga is ukhulise, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona ukwehla kuze kube 35-35.5 degrees Celsius. Isiguli sinelungelo zonke izibonakaliso ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Umchamo okukhipha lehla kakhulu, ngemuva kokushintshwa ukungabi oluphelele ukuchama.

ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa ikholera olwenziwa nokugcina afundwa igazi ivolumu nezicubu yokutakula electrolyte kwengoma. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, osebenzayo yokwelapha koda nge emthanjeni saline bese ukulungisa exchange amanzi eletrolitnogo.