Iyiphi indlela zobuchwepheshe? Incazelo. ithiyori

Ososayensi abathintekayo ekuhloleni nokuthuthukisa ezenhlalakahle kanye nomnotho lezizwe, uvumile ukuthi uya amagagasi (imfundiso yokuziphendukela amagagasi eside Kondratieff), nokuthathe kwenza izinga lokhula kubangelwa ithonya izici eziningi (kwezamasiko, kwezombangazwe, kwezenhlalo kanye nezinye) kanye yisandla kwentuthuko degree of ulwazi kanye nenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, le Str (ulwazi revolution) senzeka ngemijikelezo, imijikelezo ngesikhathi esifanayo izothatha iminyaka engu-mahlanu.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe

Kukhona imijikelezo ezinhlanu. Esikhathini igagasi lokuqala (1785 kuya ku-1835 nge YG) kwamiswa indlela yobuchwepheshe ukuthi esekelwe ezintsha basembonini yendwangu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amanzi. Eyesibili umjikelezo (kusuka 1830 kuya 1890 YG) lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa ujantshi kanye ezokuthutha umkhakha, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane mechanical usebenzisa umusi izinjini. Igagasi lwesithathu kwaba ekhiqizwa uhlelo zobuchwepheshe okusekelwe isicelo kukagesi. Ngalesi sikhathi (1880 kuya 1940) waphawula ukuthuthukiswa embonini kagesi nobunjiniyela esindayo. Igagasi yesithathu yokuphila kwangena zepulasitiki, izinsimbi non-ayoni, ezindizeni, yocingo, umsakazo, nezinye impumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule nkathi yaqala ukubonakala trust, nombimbi, ezimbonini ezinkulu. Ezimakethe yaphawula gospodstvovanie monopolies futhi oligopolies, waqala ukuqongelela dolobha zezimali kanye yasebhange.

Umjikelezo wesine

Igagasi 4th isakhiwo zobuchwepheshe kwamiswa, eyayisekelwe ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela amandla nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo uwoyela, uwoyela, ukuxhumana, igesi, izikhali, izindiza, ogandaganda kanye nabanye. Esikhathini kusuka 1930 kuya ku-1990, kwazeke amakhompyutha okwandile isofthiwe, radar. Baqala ukusebenzisa athomu - emasotjeni ke izinjongo zokuthula. Thina baqala ukuvela izinkampani zobuzwe sezizwe ezihlukahlukene wahlanganyela utshalomali ngqo ezimakethe emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ukuze wave yesihlanu libhekene Ukugcizelelwa intuthuko emkhakheni computer science, Microelectronics, ukushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo-biotechnology, ukuxhumana satellite, izinhlobo ezahlukene amandla. Kusukela division of the inkampani zidluliselwa ekwakhekeni inethiwekhi esinobunye izinkampani ezinkulu kanye nezincane, ukusebenzisana phakathi lapho kuqinisekiswa kuyi-Internet. Le nkathi (ngo-1985 kuya 2035) libhekene ukuhlela, ukulawula izinga, ukugcinwa, izindlela ezingezona zokuthenga inhlangano ngokuhambisana isimiso 'ngesikhathi ". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iminyaka isikhathi amagagasi ngabanye kancane ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Lokhu kungenxa nje ukuqondana kwezinto kwesikhathi recession yokuphila aphumayo nge inkathi entsha phambili. Ukusheshisa NTP kuyoba nesandla esikhathini esizayo ukunciphisa ubude amagagasi.

Igagasi yesihlanu. Izici kanye nezinzuzo

Umqondo oda zobuchwepheshe manje kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana. Izakhi eziyinhloko ezibhekwa kube umongo, isici esiyisihluthulelo. Ngenxa core advocate electronics, isofthiwe, Computing, ezokuxhumana, kanye nezinye impumelelo besayensi yanamuhla. izingxenye microelectronic abhekwa esiyinhloko. Ngokuqhathaniswa (lesine) isakhiwo odlule yesihlanu zobuchwepheshe okusekelwe individualization of ukusetshenziswa kanye ukukhiqizwa, ukunwetshwa umkhiqizo ukwehluka, ekunqobeni izingqinamba zemvelo ngenxa ezishintshayo ezimbonini, nokunye.