Ukubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo. Imiphumela wokubusa Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile

Ukubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo ekhatsi Kiev Rus kwadingeka ekupheleni zokuqala futhi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka (iminyaka engaba ngu-978-1054.). He kubhekwa noyedwa kubabusi esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi eYurophu. Yaroslav Mudry eminyakeni wokubusa kwakhe kwaletha ubukhulu Kiev kwi round esisha ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni, ezweni lakhe kuye kwafinyelela izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kwamandla zezombangazwe nezempi.

Lesi sihloko sachaza wokubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo. Kafushane okukhulunywa amaqiniso eziyisisekelo yomlando wakhe futhi imiphumela ebhodini.

Umsuka wegama Grand Duke

I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe, izazi-mlando, ososayensi beqhubeka phikisana, imithombo eminingi ibonisa ngonyaka lokuzalwa 978 th. Uyise uMbhapathizi ka Rus uVladimir Elikhulu, unina - Polonsky Princess Rogneda Rogvoldovna ukuthi Prince uVladimir ezathumba ngalo ibutho. Kule umshado Wayenamadodana ezintathu.

Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla Yaroslav wayephila ukuphila isikhathi eside futhi wafa eneminyaka eyi-75 ubudala. Yena waba ngukhokho ababusi abaningi eYurophu. Umthetho wokuqala we Yaroslava Mudrogo ezishiwo kafushane "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", ebhalwe monk Nestor.

Rostov Prince

Ukuqala ukuzibusa Yaroslav ubhekwa iminyaka 988 ubudala, lapho uyise wambeka njengoba ingane ubukhulu Rostov. Amandla angempela kwakungekaNkulunkulu umeluleki wakhe, owathatha zonke izinqumo, unikezwa esemncane kakhulu kwesikhulu.

Abukho ubufakazi obungokomlando Rostov wokubusa Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo cishe non-akukho. Kunoma ikuphi, emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke isikhathi awuphathwa nakuphathwa mayelana amaqiniso abaluleke zomlando ezihlobene Rostov ubukhulu. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi wokubusa Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo e Rostov waphawula ukuvela edolobheni ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe Yaroslavl. 1010 ngokomthetho unyaka isisekelo salo.

Ukuqala wokubusa

Ngo 1010 (1011), ngemva kokufa enye yamadodana amadala akwa Grand Duke uVladimir Vysheslav kanye nalokho, umfowabo omdala ka Yaroslav Svyatopolk, uVladimir Yaroslav wasibeka lokubusa Novgorod. Kuqhathaniswa Rostov saseNovgorod ke kubhekwe ephakeme, kodwa iNkosi Novgorod wathotshiswa Kiev futhi kwakufanele 'akhokhe kuye inkokhiso.

Ukuvukela uyise

Ngo 1014 Yaroslav wenqaba ukukhokha intela Kiev futhi livukela uyise. Isizathu salokhu ukuvukela kuyindlela Vladimir ukuba indodana yakhe encane, uBoris, futhi ngenhloso uyomnika isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev. Ngesizathu esifanayo bevukela uVladimir owamazibulo - Svyatopolk. Ngenxa yalesi, efika ejele wahlala ekuthunjweni kuze kokufa kukayise.

Ukuze kusingathwe inkinga uyise, Prince uVladimir, Yaroslav iqasha amaViking, kodwa ibutho uhlala alisebenzi futhi yezandla inkunzi Novgorod ngokwayo kuka iyona yintukuthelo yokulunga zabantwana Novgorod. INkosana uVladimir yena akakwazi ukungena ukulwa nendodana yakhe, njengoba le ubukhulu Kiev okusongelayo ukuhlasela Pechenegs. Ibutho abuthana ngokumelene Novgorod, wathumela ku-belwa asemaqeleni abayimizulane. Inhloko webutho Boris, njengoba uVladimir ngalesi sikhathi kuba buthaka abese ubudala.

UMfoweth 'ngomfowabo

Ukubhekana indodana noyise iyeke ukuthi ngemva kokufa Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha Julayi 15, 1015. Kodwa-ke kuqala impi abazalwane ababili Svyatopolk futhi uJaroslav, ngoba isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev. Svyatopolk, wethiwa abantu Damned endleleni eya sobukhosi abulala abafowabo.

Izikhathi eziningana Yaroslav futhi Svyatopolk Uqalekisiwe elalihlangana ngxabano ebulalayo. Ngo 1018 kwathatha beka impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Svyatopolk futhi umukhwe wakhe, amaPolish King Boleslaw le Abanesibindi, futhi bahlasela esifundeni sase-Kievan Rus. Lesi sikhathi balwa nemibuso Yaroslav, owabuyela Novgorod futhi wafuna ukuba abalekele eScandinavia. Nokho, isikhulu Novgorod waphoqeleka ukuba baqhubeke nokulwa. Entwasahlobo ka-1019 eMfuleni Alt Svyatopolk ekugcineni wanqoba babaleka. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo zomlando endleleni ePoland layifica abulala amasosha Yaroslav. Kodwa ukuba luthathe isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev Yaroslav ekujaheni, ngoba ilungelo lokubeka umshana wakhe nomfowabo Mstislav Bryachislav.

Ukulwela ukukhipha Kiev

Ngo 1019, Yaroslav washada okwesibili. nengoduso yakhe - Swedish inkosazana Ingigerda (e-Orthodox Irina). Kukholakala ukuthi unkosikazi wokuqala Yaroslav kwaba Norwegian, igama lakhe kwakungu-Anna, yena nodadewabo isikhulu lathunjwa nabasePoland nase phakade eyisithunjwa ePoland. Alliance Ingigerda abacwaningi abaningi babheka lwezepolitiki hambisa Yaroslav ukuqeda ubudlelwane engazinzile nge abaseSweden.

Umzabalazo isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev abafowethu bayaqhubeka niqhube impumelelo obuhlukahlukene kuze 1026, ngenkathi Mstislav hhayi wanqoba amabutho Yaroslav futhi ethutha ikomkhulu e Chernigov. Prince wathembisa ukubanika ahlale ekhatsi Kiev, wahlukanise ukuphathwa ezweni Dnieper, kusale Yaroslav coast kulungile. dweba thula vumelwane sasayinwa. Kodwa ngisho noma umnikazi we-Kiev sobukhosi, Yaroslav Novgorod akuwenzanga kuze kufe Mstislav, okungukuthi, kuze 1035, siqiniseka ngokuthi abantu Novgorod ukumsekela ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Kuphela ngemva kokufa Mstislav e 1035 waba autocrat Kievan Rus Yaroslav Mudry. Ukubusa yaqala zom isikhathi Rus.

Ukuze ugweme izikhalazo zokuthi yesihlalo sobukhosi Kievan by umfowabo omncane, waba ngukumkani Pskov, Yaroslav Sudislava Ibopha ejele.

Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke izingxabano

Umlando wokubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo iqukethe izikhombo eziningi ukuba impi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• 1029 - umkhankaso in aid ngokumelene Mstislav izimbiza, kokuxoshwa kwabo e-Tmutarakani (manje Krasnodar);
• 1031 - bahambe ndawonye nge Mstislav nabasePoland, ngenxa zanqotshwa emzini Przemysl nezibungu;
• 1036 - ukunqotshwa amabutho Pechenegs nokudedela kuphangwa kwabo ERussia yasendulo;
• 1040 kanye 1044 eminyakeni - the yalwa Lithuania.

Imiphumela wokubusa Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Ezombusazwe futhi uhulumeni

Innings Grand Duke has engu-37. Ukubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo inkathi yokutakula ubukhulu Kiev, lapho uthi amaningi aseYurophu wafuna umbimbi bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa naye. Njengoba isazi sezombusazwe abanamakhono Yaroslav Mudry ayethanda iyiphi lempi isinyathelo zezombusazwe. Yena pragmatically ahlelwe imishado izingane zabo eziyishumi kanye nezinye izihlobo kanye nababusi European basisebenzisa njengeHholo kwezinjongo zikazwelonke nokuvikeleka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lalikhokha a okuzisholo inkokhiso wonyaka Varangians - 300 hryvnia esiliva, okuyinto lalilincane kakhulu, kodwa ukuze sigcine ukuthula ku imingcele enyakatho.

Kakhulu ngamandla benza Yaroslav Mudry. Phakathi nokubusa ayihlala hhayi kuphela ekuqiniseni amandla ezempi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuphila idivayisi isimo ngokuvumelana nemithetho. Uma wamukelwa yedolobha isonto futhi imithetho "Iqiniso Yaroslav", okuyinto kubhekwa ingxenye kakhulu asendulo iziqondiso iqoqo "Iqiniso Russian" amalungelo lasendulo.

Njengoba indoda ethile efundile, uJaroslav ukhathalela izifundo imfundo: esevula isikole sokuqala kanye nomtapo. Eyokuqala eRussia, umtapo wavulwa kubo e St Sophia Cathedral.

iPlani lakhe kwaba ukubhekana nomunye impikiswano ebalulekile - ukudluliswa kwamandla. Izimpi zombango, ezazisabalele phakathi abamukelayo, cwilisa lizwe incithakalo nezinhlekelele, buthaka futhi okwenza izisulu ezilula izitha angaphandle. Ngokuvamile izicelo ze-altare okusezingeni eliphezulu yazo ukuqasha ibutho kwezilwandle okuyinto bangene antshontsha sabantu. UJaroslav kwezombangazwe abanamakhono, ngokuqinisekile wayekwazi ukubaluleka ekuthuthukiseni ukudluliswa kwamandla, kodwa inkinga ayizange bazimisele ngecala elihlobene nokubulawa.

nemithelela zenkolo

Imiphumela wokubusa Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile akugcini impumelelo zezombusazwe. Wenza lukhulu ekuqiniseni ubuKristu kuleli zwe. Ngo 1051 isonto Russian ekugcineni ebugqilini ngaphansi kwethonya waseConstantinople, kuqala ngokuzimela likhethwa Episcopal Cathedral Metropolitan uHilarion. Ngesikhathi Isonto elihunyushwe inqwaba yezincwadi WaseByzantium ku izincwadi zawo endaweni yomcebo abelwe imali eside.

Yaroslava Mudrogo umthetho base imakwe sebuningini zezindela namasonto. Izigodlo Crypt, St Irene, St George abangu ahlonishwe hhayi kuphela isonto kodwa futhi izikhungo ezenhlalo nezamasiko. Ngo-1037, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha edumile St Sophia Cathedral, kamuva wangcwatshwa izinsalela Yaroslav. Ngu-oda lakhe 1036-1037 GG. eyakhelwe edumile Golden Gate Kiev, obona isimo esimenza uhlelo Yaroslav, ebekumele zifanekisela ukuhamba maphakathi-Orthodox e Kievan Rus.