Umlando Sergiev Posad (kafushane). Sergiev Posad: umlando emzini izingane

ngokuvamile Abafundi unesithakazelo esidlule yamadolobha Russian lasendulo. Ayikho ngaphandle indaba Sergiev Posad. Kafushane akulula ukuba kwenzeke, ngoba kule ndawo kukhona cishe 7 eminyaka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amazwe okwenzeka okuningi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Odlule Sergiev Posad is atehlukaniseki ekubeni ngezizathu ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra - kwekulu Russian Orthodox Isigodlo, ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi izivakashi nangesigaba sesigqila abavela emazweni amaningi. Kutholwe ngaphakathi Golden Ring, idolobha budonsa izivakashi enhle emaphandleni izikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakha lasendulo, iminyuziyamu ethakazelisayo futhi izihambi zezakhamuzi zakhona.

ekusungulweni sezindela

Sergiev Posad Umlando sihlehlela emuva 1347 Yingaleso sikhathi e Radonezh ihlathi egqumeni ehlathini eduze komfula Makovec Konchury abazalwane noBartolomewu, uStefanu eyakhelwe yeseli Izigodlo kanye esontweni elincane igama zintathu. Ngenhloso yokwenza impilo yakhe zizincishe injabulo babekholelwa enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu, futhi endaweni eyihlane eduze eMoscow ayikwazanga kangcono salokhu. Kodwa ngokushesha ukhathele uStefanu zamahlathi unomphela nokuswela Izigodlo. Ukushiya umfowabo, wathuthela eMoscow Isigodlo Epiphany. NoBartolomewu baba indela ngaphansi kwegama St uSergiyu wahlala iseli unkom 'idlayodwa sika. Ngakho-ke likhona todvwa iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uSergei beza axazulule izindela emazweni aseduze. Zasungula esontweni eyakhelwe emhlabeni Holy Trinity Monastery, okuyinto ngokubonakala yayo lalifana umphakathi kocingo onesango elilodwa lokhuni edorobheni elincani. Sergiy Radonezhsky kungavunyelwe izimfundamakhwela ziyaye ukuthatha ama-handouts abangabazi, futhi babayala ukuba akwazi ukuziphilisa ngomsebenzi wawo siqu. Ngakho Isigodlo kancane kancane yaba isikhungo ocebile ukukhiqizwa wezandla. Ababemzungezile wakhela emizini yabo abalimi kanye ingcweti abantu. Kulezi nemizana kancane kancane kwakheka zokuhlala. Abefundisi nabo axhasa izikhulu isiRashiya, simenze amalungelo ehlukahlukene amalungelo amakhosi asendulo.

Indima wezindela ekunqobeni Kulikovo

Umlando edolobheni Sergiev Posad ihlobene eduze igama Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, inikele emazweni Russian ejokeni Mongol-Tatar. Uma ukholwa zemihla ngemihla, e 1380, ngosuku olwandulela Battle of Kulikovo, umbusi emazweni Russian kanye iqembu weza esigodlweni sezindela ukuze kubusiswe St uSergiyu.

UMfundisi noYise ngokomoya asekelwe amasosha, kodwa wabanika ukusiza izindela bakhe ababili (Aleksandra Peresveta futhi Rodiona Oslyabyu) ngubani angayenza kahle izikhali. Ngemva kokuthola ukusekelwa kusukela uSergiyu, Dmitry Donskoy kanye nabasizi bakhe baya Kulikovo Field ukulwa lwamabutho Golden zidlamlilo. Ngokusho ezinganekwaneni zasendulo, izindela nesibindi Relight Oslabya ngolaka balwa isitha futhi abulawe empini. Kodwa ekugcineni squad ephethwe ukushaya Dmitry Donskoy AmaTatar futhi lokhu kunqoba kwakhe kwaphawula ukuqala yokukhululwa eRussia kusukela eminyakeni lokucindezelwa.

Kokufa umsunguli waleli dolobha

UMfundisi beshona e 1392 wangcwatshwa indlu yezindela eyasungulwa ngo-kuye. Umlando ugcwele Sergiev Posad. Ezinganeni ukulandisa ngokuphila edolobheni izobukeka magic uma ukubatshela ukuthi kungani igama indela omkhulu, umsunguli wayo, wayaziwa ngalé endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. Among the ntu waba eyaziwa ngokuthi isimangaliso isisebenzi omkhulu futhi ulungile ukuthi efinyelelwe abalimi elula hhayi kuphela okwamanje kunzima kakhulu, kodwa abakhulu. ngemva kokufa uSergiyu iminyaka 30 abagcotshwa. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lo mcimbi phezu kwendawo yokungcwaba sakhe esasibekwe itshe zintathu Cathedral, elamiswa ngezithukuthuku indodana Dmitry Donskoy Prince George.

Ukubhujiswa Isigodlo

Umlando edolobheni Sergiev Posad inamakhasi yayo edabukisayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenxa Battle of Kulikov amaviyo Golden zidlamlilo okubhekana inqotshwa kabuhlungu Basaba ngezikhathi ehlaselwa ezweni Russian. Ngo 1408 amaTatar waqala phambili eMoscow. Lapho befika ngendlela ye ngokubabazekayo zintathu-uSergiyu Monastery, Yedigei Khan ngaphambilini amabutho ayo singe-ke. izakhiwo zenkolo Ngokhuni yashiswa, wazihlephula.

Revival nokuchuma

Naphezu kokuhlasela elimazayo AmaTatar, akuzange kubavimbe ukhona, Isigodlo kusayithi kamuva kwakhiwa Sergiev Posad. Indaba izingane edolobheni tingacocwa ngaphandle ukuzisho ngokwenu lezi amaqiniso, kodwa kulokhu, nakuba izenzakalo ezingemnandi, nazo zifuna ukwazi.

iminyaka engu-3 ngemva kwale nhlekelele kula mazwe, izakhiwo ezintsha zenkolo, ezisetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe itshe. Ukubuyiselwa Isigodlo wema ngokuqinile ezinyaweni zawo, futhi ngokusekelwa Izikhulu zaqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha futhi kangcono. Wayenezinkomo ngalé kwemingcele yayo ka umhlabathi olimekayo, izimfunda, homesteading nge amapulazi, okudoba amabala, nokunye. D.

Tsar Ivan Grozny ubelokhu eyilalela imibono high zintathu abefundisi. Ngo 1561 aluthola Izigodlo abefundisi ukuvumela inqubomgomo yabo, okuyinto wehla emlandweni ngokuthi "oprichnina". izindela eNgophezukonke Ukusekela alethwe Holdings izwe elisha replenishment yengcebo ngezithukuthuku abantu eziphethwe uhulumeni.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVI Ivan Grozny ngaphambilini ukwakha emhlabeni emazweni okuqondene Isigodlo, izindonga zawo zamatshe nge imibhoshongo 11, okwathi ngemva kwalokho liphendulwe inqaba ungenakunqotshwa. Umlando Omfushane Sergiyev Posad izingane kuhlanganisa nezibonelo egqamile indlela enqabeni kule minyaka 1608-1610 ngenhlonipho samelana lokuvimbezela cishe polutoraletnyuyu wabahlaseli Polish-Lithuanian. Lapho eRussia 1682 iyangena Musketeers uthuli, kwezindonga zamatshe Isigodlo wafihla nasolakeni lempi abebengeneme Princess UZandile Nikolaevna futhi Prince Ivan noPetru. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-7, lona wamuva isivele ukufihla nawe lapha ngesikhathi impi yakhe ukuthola ubukhosi. Njengoba enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, uPetru mina kakhulu asekelwe emazweni sezindela. Le nqubomgomo nomthelela eNgophezukonke esizayo ukuchuma kwabo.

Ukuqamba kabusha Monastery e Lavra

Njengoba sisekelwa ababusi lezikhulu baqhubeka umlando Sergiev Posad. Ezinganeni kuyoba ukwazi ukuthi 1744 yesigodlo iqanjwe kabusha Monastery. Lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha wamnika amathuba amasha futhi kwaqinisa isimo salo phakathi kwezinye izikhungo zenkolo Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ngo-1782, izindawo eziningi ezizungezile yesigodlo, wajoyina endaweni yakithi ngokuthi "Sergiev Posad".

Ezakhiwe edolobheni wathola elingenamikhono izingalo insimu yayo yaqala almshouses esakhiwe, bezitolo, sezindela ehhotela, izimboni livuliwe, izindlu zokunyathelisa. Kancane kancane, laba isikhungo ezinkulu umkhakha ithoyizi, liye laba uphawu Russian matryoshka. Ngo-1865, phakathi Sergiev Posad futhi eMoscow kwavula amathrekhi. It bakhangwa Lavra inqwaba pilgrims abakhulekeli.

inqubomgomo kwamaBolshevik

Ukuchuma-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu futhi amazwe okuqondene ke saphela eza emandleni amaBolshevik eRussia. Zonke izinhlangano zenkolo edolobheni avalwa. Ensimini ka wezindela ngo-1919, wasungula Museum. Izindela bashushiswa futhi babulawelwa becindezela. Amabalazwe wanyamalala igama "Sergiev Posad". Umlando imibukiso zezingane ukuthi ngo-1919 wawubizwa ngokuthi uSergiyu, futhi ngo-1930 - Zagorsk. Leli gama wathola yokudumisa wamavukelambuso uVladimir Zagorski.

Sergiev Posad ezikhathini Soviet

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet ukubonakala emzini kwashintsha kakhulu. On endaweni yayo, izimboni ezintsha kanye Izigayo ezakhiwa. Ngo-1932 kwavulwa khona esiyingqayizivele Research Institute amathoyizi. Impi nge amaJalimane kwabangela izinguquko empilweni kulinganiswa komuzi. Izakhamuzi zalo eziningi ziye zaya ukulwa ngaphambili, 14 babo ngemva lokulwa waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Kusukela ngo-1946 ukuphila zenkolo e Sergiev Posad kancane kancane waqala ukuvuseleleka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Isigodlo kwaqala ukubuyela izindela.

Ngo-1976, idolobha wavula Zagorsky lesikhumbuzo. Kusukela ngo-1980 lapho aqala ukusebenza ithoyizi Museum. Yokudumisa iminyaka engu-1000th we Ukubhapathizwa Kievan Rus 'ngo-1988 endaweni yase-komnikazi, eduze Church of the isimo, sivulwe isikhumbuzo umsunguli St uSergiyu ka Radonezh. isihloko uMbumbi Sergiev Posad ezibuyisiwe ngemva olwenziwa ngo-1991 ngu-referendum wendawo.

Idolobha lanamuhla lona

manje Sergiev Posad iyisikhungo ezinkulu ezenkolo, amasiko, umlando kanye nezokuphatha esifundeni Moscow. Luhambo wayo lomkhulu ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Kusukela ngo-1993, kube bubalwa UNESCO Site. Vakashela wakhe nje avele amakholwa, kepha bonke labo abanesithakazelo umlando omfushane kwedolobha Sergiev Posad.