Xenobiotics nabantu. Isenzo xenobiotics. Ithonya xenobiotics abantu. Xenobiotics - ukuthi ...

With ukuthuthukiswa umphakathi zezimboni, kwaba noshintsho ngo ukwakheka uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Baningi kwamagciwane, okuyizinto umkhiqizo womsebenzi womuntu, ku imvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, baba nomthelela izimpilo sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nelethu.

Yiziphi xenobiotics?

Xenobiotics - kukhona izinto zokwenziwa ukuthi isinyathelo kubathinta kunoma umzimba. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa imfucuza ezenziwa ezimbonini, injongo yasendlini (izimpushana, yokugeza izitsha), izinto zokwakha kanye nokunye. D.

Inani elikhulu xenobiotics - izinto kusheshiswe ukuvela isivuno. Kubalulekile kakhulu kwezolimo ukwandisa umvuno ukumelana nezilokazane ezihlukahlukene, kanye sinike ukubuka ezinhle. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu umphumela, zisebenzisa imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, okuyizinto alien emzimbeni.

Izinto zokwakha, izinto zokunamathisela, upende, imikhiqizo yasendlini, lwezakhamzimba - zonke lezi xenobiotics. Ilungu laleli qembu, Isimanga siwukuthi, futhi ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngamagciwane, okufana nama-virus, ama-bacterium, isikhunta pathogenic, izimpethu.

Njengoba xenobiotics isinyathelo emzimbeni?

Izinto alien zonke izinto eziphilayo, zibulale izinqubo eziningi umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, izinsimbi ezisindayo ungayeka ukusebenza iziteshi ulwelwesi kokubhubhisa amaprotheni ezisebenza ezibalulekile zingenze le plasmalemma futhi udonga cell, baxabane nomzimba.

Noma yimuphi umzimba ngezinga elithile ingashintshwa ukuze ukususwa ubuthi anobuthi. Nokho, lo lokuhlushwa enkulu ketshezi ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Ion of izinsimbi, ezinobuthi organic wezinto ekugcineni ithola emzimbeni futhi ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi (iminyaka eminingi ngokuvamile kamuva) phambili kuya pathologies, izifo, komzimba.

Xenobiotics - ubuthi. Lungangena isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, umgudu wokuphefumula wakhuluma ngisho nangeNdodana isikhumba njengoba yayinjalo. faka indlela kuncike isimo wokuhlanganisa, isakhiwo ndaba, kanye zezemvelo.

Through the ingaphakathi acinene nge emoyeni noma uthuli ungene emzimbeni hydrocarbon gaseous, ETHYL futhi methyl alcohols, acetaldehyde, i-hydrogen chloride, elithi ether, acetone. Njengoba isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene zingene phenols, cyanides, izinsimbi ezisindayo (phambili, i-chromium, insimbi, ayibe, ithusi, mercury thallium, antimony). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhi ezifana yensimbi noma ayibe, okudingwa ngumzimba, kodwa okuqukethwe kwabo akumelwe ukundlula senkulungwane iphesenti. Ngezinye ngemithamo ephakeme futhi zibangela nomphumela omubi.

Ukwahlukaniswa xenobiotics

Xenobiotics - akusiwona nje amakhemikhali umsuka organic wezinto ezingaphili. Ukuze leli qembu ukuthi zingezikabani, futhi izici zokwakheka, okufana nama-virus, ama-bacterium, isikhunta pathogenic futhi protists, helminths. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa enjalo imihlola ngokomzimba njengoba umsindo, vibration ngemisebe, imisebe, futhi basonta xenobiotics.

Ngokusho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali bonke ubuthi zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Organic (phenols, alcohols, hydrocarbon, aldehydes futhi ketones, ethers halogenated, nokunye. D.).
2. Elementi-organic (phosphorus organic, mercury organic nabanye).
3. I wezinto ezingaphili (izinsimbi kanye oxides zabo, acid, lezisekelo).

Ekhuluma ngomsuka xenobiotics chemical zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Industrial.
2. ZaseNdlunkulu.
3. Agricultural.
4. ezinobuthi.

Kungani xenobiotics ezithinta impilo?

Ukubukeka kwamagciwane emzimbeni kungaba sina ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo. okuhlushwa ekhulile yemiphumela xenobiotics kuholela izinguquko pathologies ezingeni DNA.

Amasosha omzimba - omunye izithiyo main zokuzivikela. Ithonya xenobiotics ungasakazekela izivikeli mzimba, ukuvimbela ukusebenza evamile lymphocyte. Ngenxa yalokho, la maseli nokusebenza ngendlela efanele, okuholela lube buthaka ukuvikelwa umzimba futhi ukuvela komzimba.

Ufuzo kwamaseli nozwelo imiphumela yanoma yikuphi mutagen. Xenobiotics, engena phakathi iseli, zingaphazamisa isakhiwo evamile of DNA ne-RNA, okuholela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Uma isibalo izenzakalo ezinkulu, ingozi yokuba nesifo somdlavuza livela.

Ezinye ubuthi isinyathelo ngokukhetha ku isitho target. Ngakho, angawodwa xenobiotics neurotrophic (mercury, okuhola manganese, carbon disulfide), Gematotropnye (-benzene, i-arsenic, phenylhydrazine) hepatotropic (hydrocarbon kampompi ukuxova umuthi wokugoma), nephrotropic (cadmium compounds futhi fluorine, ethylene glycol).

Xenobiotics nabantu

imisebenzi kwezomnotho nezezimboni empilweni womuntu ngenxa semali imfucuza, amakhemikhali, imithi. Xenobiotics manje sezitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela amathuba bengena umzimba uhlale okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Nokho, xenobiotics enamandla kakhulu, okuyinto atholakala kuwo indoda - lokhu imithi. Yezemithi njengoba isayensi ukutadisha umphumela izidakamizwa ku eziphilayo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, xenobiotics umsuka zinjalo imbangela 40% kwesibindi, futhi Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane: umsebenzi oyinhloko kwesibindi ungaphakathi ukususwa ubuthi. Ngakho-ke, umzimba kakhulu ehlaselwe ebulilini imithi.

Ukuvimbela ushevu

Xenobiotics - kwelinye izwe ukuze ketshezi umzimba. Umzimba womuntu itfutfukise ka izindlela ukususa laba ubuthi. Isibonelo, ubuthi kungenziwa neutralized futhi isuswe ngu kwesibindi ku imvelo ngokusebenzisa zokuphefumula, uhlelo excretory, sebaceous, umjuluko ngisho amabele.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lo muntu kumele athathe izinyathelo ukunciphisa imithelela elimazako ubuthi. Okokuqala, kumelwe ukhethe ngokucophelela ukudla. "E" iqembu izithasiselo kukhona xenobiotics eqinile, ngakho ukuthengwa imikhiqizo enjalo kufanele kugwenywe. Akubalulekile nje ngokubukeka ukukhetha izithelo nemifino. Njalo banake okungapheli, isb. A. Lapho kwesikhathi yayo umkhiqizo kukhiqizwa ubuthi.

kuwufanele Njalo ukwazi esilinganisweni izidakamizwa. Yiqiniso, i-ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokuvamile kunendingeko ezidingekayo, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi akazange zibe ehlelekile ukusetshenziswa ezingadingekile kwamakhambi.

Gwema ukusebenza reagents eziyingozi, izinto ezixabana nomzimba, zokwenziwa izinto ezihlukahlukene. Nciphisa umphumela amakhemikhali yasendlini empilweni yakho.

isiphetho

Akukhona njalo kungenzeka ukuba bagcine emiphumeleni elimazayo xenobiotics. Ngezinye izikhathi bandisa obuningi, ekubeni ibhomu isikhathi. Enye umzimba izinto empilweni, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa izifo.

Ubokhumbula njalo-ke mayelana ubuncane izinyathelo. Kungenzeka uqaphele nomphumela omubi ngokushesha, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa xenobiotics kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina. Ungakhohlwa ngakho.