Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto kanye black izimbobo emkhathini

izimbobo Black emkhathini ingenye izenzakalo ezimangalisayo kakhulu yonke, aziwa isayensi yesimanje. khona labo kwabikezelwa Albertom Eynshteynom ngekwata yesithathu yokuqala yekhulu XX.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto, ukuhlobana kwemikhosi space kanye nesikhathi

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-XIX leminyaka, i-physics sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi cishe isiphelile uqobo isayensi. Ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi izimfihlakalo izwe zemvelo isixazululekile, kanye ambient kudivayisi izwe imayelana uchazelwe ngokugcwele ngaphansi kohlaka imiqondo ezikhona yesayensi. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, yonke ethulwa izindaba emangalisayo esingalindelekile for zesayensi. Young ngaleso sikhathi isayensi - wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto - wathola ukuthi esiphelweni yokukhanya ayichazi yimithetho classical Mechanics Newton. Le nkinga anazo izingqondo ososayensi emhlabeni wonke. Sakwazi ukuzixazulula umsebenzi abasha soMthetho Wama-Patent Office yeSwitzerland. Igama lakhe kwakungu Albertom Eynshteynom. He qamba isithombe emhlabeni - imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto - yachaza kabusha ngokuphelele nobuntu mayelana idivayisi universe. Phakathi kwawo wonke amanye nemiphumela kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela wokuhlobana kwezinto isiphetho okuphawulekayo kwakuwumoya uxhumano esingenakuhlukaniseka phakathi nesikhathi nendawo. Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane, singasho ukuthi izinga ukugeleza isikhathi kumuntu othize (noma iyiphi into - luhlaka reference) Kuhlobene eduze kakhulu ngesilinganiso ukunyakaza emkhathini. Kuyinto esobala ngokuphelele amazinga nsuku zonke ayatholakala kithi. Nokho, uma umzimba ukusheshisa isivinini eduze ngejubane lokukhanya, uzoqala izimangaliso - isikhathi ngokoqobo ukubambezela. Lo mbono uye ngokuphindaphindiwe yaqaphela eziqanjiwe ezingokwesayensi kwekhulu XX.

Ugobile space kanye nesikhathi, izimbobo black emkhathini

Esinye isiphetho esithakazelisayo Einstein kwakuwukuthi Isikhala isikhathi ngokoqobo bend ngaphansi amandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sihamba kancane kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngoba kuncike okusheshayo-ezihambayo, kodwa futhi eduze kwezidumbu okukhulu kakhulu. Futhi eduze ufika ke, isikhathi xaxa kubambezela.

Njengoba nakuba kungase kuzwakale, kodwa phansi emhlabathini isikhathi phezulu kuyinto elinganisiwe ezingaphezu kuka amabili. Kodwa futhi, ngenxa yobukhulu elincani amazinga isikhala Zomhlaba, sasingeke siphinde uqaphela. Umehluko ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisigidi yesibili. Ngakho-ke kuyinto ugobile isikhala. Imane egoba bebheke umzimba omkhulu, ngokoqobo edonsa kuye ukuvala adonsela phansi kwakhe. Kakade leli qiniso ke wasikisela ukuthi izimbobo black emkhathini esingaba khona. The kungenzeka emizimbeni elinjalo Kusolwa phambi ukutholakala wokuhlobana kwezinto, ososayensi kwekhulu XVIII nguJohane Mitchell. Nokho, okokuqala kubonakaliswa ngesisekelo zibalo Einstein, omunye usosayensi German - Karl Schwarzschild.

Isiqinisekiso lokuqala esisebenzayo theory ka-Einstein ye ugobile isikhala baqiniswa 1919 lapho sezinkanyezi IsiZulu Arthur Eddington waqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya ezinkanyezini ezikude kungabonakali odlulayo eduze Sun, empeleni insaliwe. Kuyinto umzimba omkhulu kangaka, ukuthi akuyona nje nemengamo ehlangothini lwawo zonke izidumbu flying esidlule kuye futhi imisebe yokukhanya, kodwa futhi ukuheha ukuba yena. Emhlabeni ukuthumela umzimba isikhala, udinga uyinike ijubane 11.2 amakhilomitha ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi Isivinini yokuphunyuka. Kodwa ku olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba iplanethi, isibonelo i-Jupiter, kungadinga ngejubane, ngokufanele, amandla. Cabanga ukuthi izimbobo black emkhathini - kungcono izinto bubanzi kangangokuba ukuphunyuka Isivinini ngenhla 300 000 km / s. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhanya abakwazi ukuzinqoba ukukhangwa. Futhi uma umgodi black emkhathini akavumeli ukukhanya, kusukela asikwazi ukubaleka lutho. Njengoba, ngokuvumelana theory kwezinto, the velocity yokukhanya kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu ijubane ngokwemvelo.

Izinto zesimanje umbono isikhala. izimbobo Black ukuba akhona amabalazwe

Namuhla, ososayensi baye bathola ngaphezu izinto ayizinkulungwane esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, okuyinto abhekwa izimbobo omnyama. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo definition yabo eqondile wukuthi lezi izinto ayikwazi waphawula ngqo. Bona kungabonwa kuphela ukuziphatha angomakhelwane izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngakho, maphakathi imithala iningi kukhona uquqaba olukhulu izimbobo black, azungeze okuyinto ilingise izigidigidi zezinkanyezi. Kubandakanya wethu i-Milky Way.