Ancient Philosophy: Intuthuko nokuThuthukiswa

Isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile emlandweni ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka yokucabanga zefilosofi iyona ifilosofi lasendulo. okhokho aso angamazinyo amaGreki namaRoma asendulo. Esikhathini arsenal ongqondongqondo bangaleso sikhathi "amathuluzi" yolwazi babe nomzimba omncane ukucatshangelwa zokucabangela nokuqaphelisisa. zefilosofi basendulo ngowokuqala sizibeka imibuzo okuphakade ekhathaza indoda: lokho kuvela yonke ezungezile, ekubeni futhi okungezona impilo nezwe, ubunye eziphikisanayo, inkululeko ukuswela, ukuzalwa kanye nokufa, ikusasa lomuntu, duty zokuziphatha, ubuhle kanye Sublimity, ukuhlakanipha, ubungani, uthando, injabulo, isithunzi. Lezi zinkinga esasebenza nanamuhla. Isisekelo ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano umcabango yefilosofi kuyinto nefilosofi lasendulo usekhonze Europe.

Amaphiriyodi wefilosofi lasendulo

Cabanga, iziphi izinkinga main ukuxazulula nefilosofi lasendulo, izigaba lentuthuko njengoba isayensi.

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa ifilosofi yamaGreki namaRoma kungaba evamile delimit izinyathelo ezine ezibalulekile.

Okokuqala, isikhathi presocratian ewela VII - V v. BC. Wethula imisebenzi eMilethu futhi Eleatic izikole, Heraclitus base-Efesu, Pythagoras nabalandeli bakhe, Democritus futhi Levkipa. Uzosebenzisana imithetho yemvelo, isakhiwo ukuthula Cosmos. Inani inkathi yangaphambi yokucabanga, kunzima overestimate, ngoba ngaphambi nefilosofi lasendulo babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu ukuthuthukiswa isiko, impilo yomphakathi kanye emkhakheni wezepolitiki yaseGrisi yasendulo.

Isici sici sesibili, isikhathi classic (V -. IV Art BC) kuyinto amaSophist ukubukeka. Baphenduka ekucwaningeni izinkinga bemvelo yonke ukuba inkinga yomuntu, wabeka izisekelo yikuphi ukuhlakanipha nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ka mpendulo njengoba isayensi. Ngaphezu amaSophist, ekuqaleni kwawo-ifilosofi basendulo bale nkathi imelelwa amagama Aristotle, uSocrates, uPlato Protogora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke uqala ukwakha nefilosofi saseRoma, okwakumnika ichaza izici ezintathu eziyinhloko - Epicureanism, Stoicism nokugxeka.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka II by IV ekhulwini BC. e. nefilosofi Lasendulo uya lwesithathu, ellinestichesky, komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona izinhlelo lokuqala zefilosofi, ekujuleni nokuqukethwe kwalo, futhi izikole ezintsha yokucabanga - izazi, zezemfundo, kanye nezinye perepatetiki. Abamele kwesikhathi yamaGreki sokushintshela kuya ngezinto aphathelene nokuziphatha moralizing ngesikhathi lapho namasiko amaGreki ziyawohloka. Amagama esingumGreki, uTheophrastus futhi Carneades emelelwa yile esiteji ekuthuthukiseni wefilosofi.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu (I - VI ekhulwini) nefilosofi lasendulo ingena inkathi yalo yokugcina wentuthuko. Ngalesi sikhathi, le iqhaza elihamba phambili zezwe lasendulo kungokwalabo eRoma, ngaphansi kwethonya okuyinto Greece. Ukwakheka nefilosofi Roman, kuthonywa kakhulu esiGrekini, ikakhulukazi isinyathelo yayo ellinestichesky. Ngo ifilosofi eRoma kwakhiwa izici ezintathu eziyinhloko - Epicureanism, Stoicism nokugxeka. Le nkathi libhekene umsebenzi zefilosofi ezifana Aristotle, uSocrates, Protogor uPlato.

wekhulu lesithathu noma lesine - nesikhathi ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa iziqondiso ezintsha ifilosofi lasendulo - Neo-Platonism owawungumnyaka ngukhokho uPlato. imibono yakhe kanye nemibono is ithonywe ifilosofi zobuKristu bokuqala ifilosofi Ephakathi.

kwavela Ngakho ifilosofi lasendulo, izigaba yentuthuko okuyinto emenza imibono ezithakazelisayo: umqondo uxhumano jikelele kuzo zonke izenzakalo nezinto ezikhona emhlabeni, kanye nomqondo ukuthuthukiswa elingapheli.

Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi kwakheka epistemological Amathrendi - izinto ezibonakalayo ukukhohliseka. Demokrit, ngokuba, empeleni, othanda izinto ezibonakalayo, uphakamise ukuthi i-athomu iyona kuyizinhlayiyana ezincane kunazo zonke zonke izinto. Lo mbono kwaba ngaphambi kwekhulu yayo futhi yeminyaka. UPlato, ukunamathela ukubukwa uyiphupho, wadala imfundiso dialectical izinto ngabanye kanye imiqondo jikelele.

Ifilosofi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuwukuthi omunye ezimele izinhlobo ukwazi komphakathi. Ngosizo umbono ephelele emhlabeni kwamiswa. nefilosofi Lasendulo kusivumela ukulandelela yonke indlela yentuthuko umcabango theory, egcwele imibono engavamile futhi ukusho ngesibindi. Amaphuzu amaningi athintiwe eziye wazama ukuxazulula izingqondo zefilosofi yamaGreki yasendulo yamaRoma awalulahlanga ngokoqobo esikhathini sethu.