Izitsha Sailing, izinhlobo izici nesikhundla sabo. Sailboats. isithombe

Imikhumbi bokuqala ngomkhumbi (ukuba achazwe kulo magazini) babe neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-kwezinkulungwane ezintathu edlule e-Egypt, futhi isihlenga ezivamile ngqo insika kanye eziqondisa oar. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, onobuhle okuthuthukile ukwenze abaseFenike. Ukuze isakhiwo sabo, ayesebenzisa umsedari Lebanese futhi oki. I amatheku aseFenike babe shipyards, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa commercial isikebhe owodwa masted futhi yempi ngaphezulu ifakwe. Emhlabeni V e. BC. e. Navy kwadingeka kakade amaGreki namaRoma asendulo. Nokho, imikhumbi emikhulu ngomkhumbi uvele Europe esikhathini omkhulu okutholakele womhlaba. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke-European beyofuna amakoloni amasha waqala ukuhlomisa weqembu lemikhumbi asolwandle ukuhamba hhayi kuphela phesheya kolwandle, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Waqala kanjalo-ke umzabalazo munyu supremacy kolwandle, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye umkhakha shipbuilding.

izitsha Sailing ezweni lanamuhla

Esikhathini sethu, lapho imikhumbi impi ifakwe kuze kube ubuchwepheshe lokuqala imikhumbi enamandla, imodeli ngomkhumbi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuzijabulisa. Iningi ngomkhumbi yesimanje yezikebhe up. EYurophu Melika, lapho kukhona ezemidlalo yacht amakilabhu, regattas ezemidlalo aphethwe minyaka yonke. Ngokuvamile ngezenzakalo ezinjengezimpi ubuhanjelwe ngomkhumbi yezikebhe.

Regatta - umbango phakathi amanzi ngomkhumbi noma izitsha ukugwedla.

Ngokwesiko, lezi imincintiswano agcinwe Melika naseNgilandi. Ezinye Regatta iyona imincintiswano ngobukhulu international, ezifana. "Melika Cup".

Ukwahlukanisa sailboats kunqunywa kuncike Ukucaciswa kanye tooling. Ngezansi izinhlobo ezinkulu izinhlobo sailboats.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo oseyili

• Kuhamba noseyili sikwele.

• Kuhamba noseyili lateen.

oyisikwele wasetshenziswa nabaseGibhithe lasendulo futhi abaseFenike. Kuyinto ngendwangu njengoba trapezium, unamathele pgg ovundlile. Ihamba noseyili square hamba kahle kuphela ngumoya, ngakho kuhle ngokushesha indawo ku inkantolo noseyili lefanele, ungalibalekeli.

useyili etshekile itholakala ohlangothini ezingemuva insika, lapho kuxhunywe phambi usiko. Imikhumbi noseyili lefanele, ungalibalekeli ukuhamba kahle ofana nomoya fair, umoya ngesilinganiso abukhali. Lefanele, ungalibalekeli oseyili, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Latin.

• Spritsail.

• jibs.

Ukwahlukanisa ngenani lezinsika zemikhumbi

• onomzali masted ngomkhumbi yacht.

• ezimbili masted yacht.

• Mnogomachtovye yacht.

Mast - iyingxenye Rig. Kuyinto isakhiwo mpo emkhunjini, okuyinto ngokuvamile asekelwe usebenzisa ekhethekile ngilulekela. Mast bhila ziqhamuka softwood.

Insika ezweni lanamuhla

Ngo imikhumbi emikhulu yanamuhla ungenalo imishini ngomkhumbi, umbhoshongo walahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo ophambili nosemqoka futhi asetshenziselwa ezinye izinhloso:

• Ukuze uthole amashaji izichasiso kazwelonke yezwe labo (flag kanye elingenamikhono izingalo).

• Ukuze uthole amashaji mshini kwi isimo samanje isitsha (ngokuhlukaniswa wagibela umlilo ebhodini, sokuprakthiza, nokunye. D.).

• Ukusetha ukukhanyisa ezahlukene izimpawu.

• Ukuze ufake amanye amadivayisi umsindo okuwuphawu.

• Ukuze ngincome State ngo omanzi akhe kuleliphuzu umkhumbi. Ogibele insika ifulege lesizwe yezwe.

• Uma kukhona umuntu ofile ebhodini, e uphawu nokulila intela ukuze inkumbulo yakhe sehlise bengahloniphani ifulege lesizwe.

izinhlobo lezinsika zemikhumbi

• foremast. Lona insika lokuqala, uma ngibala kusukela umnsalo kunesikebhe.

• mainmast. Kuyinto okwesibili lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ekhaleni lomkhumbi. Ngezinye ezimbili enezinsika ezintathu imikhumbi futhi kusenzima eliphezulu kakhulu.

• Mizzen-mast. Insika aft, okuyinto kunoma iyiphi isikebhe zakamuva kusukela ekhaleni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezokuthutha amanzi ayatholakala?

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo sikebhe ngomkhumbi:

• Ngokhuni.

• Plastic.

• Steel.

Ukwahlukanisa imikhumbi e inamba yezimo:

• sikebhe Single

• kabili hulled (ngomkhumbi isikebhe)

• emithathu ingxenye (ngomkhumbi trimaran).

Ekugcineni, Ukwahlukaniswa imikhumbi, kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa keel:

• Keel isikebhe (ngomkhumbi onjalo zisebenzisa esindayo keel, ke ungakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa drift isitsha bese wehlise maphakathi gravity).

• isikejana (ezikebheni abanjalo babeka daggerboard ekhethekile, uma kunesidingo, kungenzeka ukukhulisa nokwehlisa okusalungiswa bomkhumbi).

• Yacht-ebucayini (basebenzisa imiklamo Lesisemkhatsini phakathi isikejana namadizayini keel).

A ezihlukahlukene izitsha

Kufanele uhlu lwamagama imikhumbi.

AAK - encane umkhumbi owodwa-masted nge phansi flat, eklanyelwe ukuba athwale imithwalo amancane.

Amagxolo - kuyinto mkhumbi omkhulu, ukuba kusuka insika ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu. Lo mkhumbi ngokuvamile ifakwe oyisikwele, eyodwa kuphela kwi insika aft lefanele, ungalibalekeli isilungisiwe.

Barquentine - Marine emithathu pyatimachtovy badayisa isikebhe. Iningi kwemibhoshongo anemisila oseyili etshekile. isakhiwo ekhaleni kuphela has oyisikwele.

UBrigadier - ezimbili masted umkhumbi kokuba Rig ngqo kwi insika main futhi jib futhi aqinise ensikeni yaso lefanele, ungalibalekeli Spritsail phezu mainsail.

Brigantine - lula umkhumbi ezimbili masted nge lefanele, ungalibalekeli oseyili ku oseyili mainmast kanye sikwele foremast, lolu hlobo Rig libizwa okuxubile.

Galleon - mnogopalubnoe isitsha esikhulu sasolwandle-ngempilo wezikhali izikhali ezinamandla. Galleons emiselwe eside kakhulu ngohambo lwasolwandle kanye izimpi. Lezi imikhumbi kaseyili babe Speed ngempela endaweni ezikwazi futhi yakhiwa omningi walo Spanish ngoxhaxha ngesiNgisi.

Junk - a isitsha esenziwe ngokhuni ezimbili nane-masted, okuyinto yayisetshenziswa kakhulu eNingizimu ye-Asia emiselwe emfuleni noma ugu lolwandle yezimpahla.

Isolezwe - uBrigadier kokuba oseyili etshekile futhi Mast isikhundla aft ngemuva eksisi ayo.

Caravel - amathathu nane-masted isitsha seagoing nge Rig okuxubile eyenzelwe lwasolwandle futhi okuphawulekayo yizimpahla traffic.

Galera - kangaka okuthiwa cishe zonke izikebhe ngomkhumbi-ukugwedla, yayisetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngaphezu Rig, kwadingeka eyodwa noma ezimbili ukugwedla ilandelana.

Karakka - komkhumbi omkhulu enezinsika ezintathu isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa nezempi. Lo mkhumbi bebengaba onezitezi ezintathu futhi ine i umxhwele inganono kwezikhali.

Kech - encane umkhumbi ezimbili masted. ilungiselelo ezahlukene aft insika phambi isondo axis.

Ama-frigate bird - trehmachtovik lempi kokuba Rig egcwele. frigate Classic sidalwe eFrance phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalombili futhi kuyinto umkhumbi kalula ezikwazi nge izingalo ezinhle.

Flutes - ulwandle ezinhle umkhumbi yakhelwe ngezinjongo zokuthutha impahla yempi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubude umkhumbi izikhathi eziningana mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ububanzi, imitshingo akwazi ukuhamba sekusondele ukuba umoya, futhi wamnika inzuzo enkulu phezu kwezinye, izitsha kancane ezikwazi.

Sloop - lempi enezinsika ezintathu umkhumbi ngaphansi oseyili ngqo. It yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo sentinel futhi imoto.

Kaseyili - lula ngomkhumbi isikebhe, eyayintula ubuncane lezinsika zemikhumbi ezimbili noseyili lefanele, ungalibalekeli. Kaseyili Kulula kakhulu ukuphatha. Basuke ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ezihlukahlukene yezentengiselwano.

yacht

Ekuqaleni ngomkhumbi yacht kuyinto izitsha okusheshayo nokukhanya esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa abantu esiphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, lo yacht baliqamba igama iyiphi imoto-ngomkhumbi, motor noma uyisitsha ngomkhumbi, senzelwe izivakashi noma yezemidlalo izinjongo.

I yezikebhe lokuqala kwavela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Kwakumelwe fast ngokwanele futhi ukhululekile, yingakho abantu ocebile uthanda lolu hlobo yezokuthutha zasolwandle. Modern ngomkhumbi Izikebhe injini, okwenza kube lula ukuwuqondisa esikhumulweni semikhumbi futhi useyili ngesivinini kancane, ngisho phakathi ezolile egcwele. Basuke ihlukaniswe sihamba (ebhodini kukhona izikebhe), ubumnandi kanye yamahhashi.

Thenga esitolo

Namuhla, sailboats eziningi mlando bengasekho futhi wahlala kuphela emakhasini adventure amanoveli kanye izithombe nomagazini nezincwadi. Kodwa akulona ubaluleke kakhulu kangakanani ecasukile. Esikhathini esitolo ungakwazi ukuthenga amamodeli we ngomkhumbi imikhumbi eyenzelwe Decor thematic. Kukhona futhi amakhithi ekhethekile namabhukwana lenhlangano imikhumbi ngezandla zabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokuqoqa umkhumbi onobuhle - lena umdlalo bezijabulisa kakhulu, ikhula ngesivinini eRussia.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi ngomkhumbi edume imikhumbi, izithombe kanye onobuhle ezidumile:

Amagxolo "Kunesikhathi Sakho" - kulomkhumbi odumile uJames Cook, lapho ayeya okungaziwa ngesikhathi ogwini Australia naseNew Zealand.

"INeva" futhi "Ethembeni" - sloops ezimbili okokuqala emlandweni Russian circumnavigate wonke.

"INkosana" - i-frigate IsiZulu ukuthi sasisibi 1854 e Sea kulandela ukuhlasela kwesiphepho inhlekelele. Ukuthandwa kwakubangelwa amahemuhemu amagugu lushone, okuyinto ayesiphethe.

"Meri Rouz" - Flagship lempi senkosi yamaNgisi uHenry Yesishiyagalombili, ngubani ngokudabukisayo yacwila ngo-1545.

«Omkhulu Republic» - the Clipper enkulu yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, okuyinto lakhiwa umakhi womkhumbi abadumile Donald McKay.

Elithi "Ariyeli" - Clipper British, Yaduma ngenxa yokuthi ngo-1866 iwine edumile "itiye uhlanga" kusukela China eLondon.

"Adventure" - umkhumbi omunye pirates edume kunazo - uCaptain William Kidd.

isiphetho

Inkathi imikhumbi kwaba yisikhathi esithokozisayo ngempela adventure futhi romance. Imikhumbi nengxenye izimpi eziningi zasolwandle engxenyeni, bahamba ngomkhumbi baya ogwini lalo ezingakaze zifinyelelwe bese uyiswa enani elikhulu, okuyizinto ezihlobene inombolo enkulu ezinganekwaneni. Ihamba yalolu hlobo abazinikezele lenqwaba imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Ngokusekelwe izenzakalo zomlando izindaba ezingaqondakali ezihilela onobuhle ngomkhumbi izithombe eziningi ezidumile adventure amafilimu.