Vasily Zhukovsky: Biography emfushane futhi lokusungula

Ufuna sihlangane imbongi edumile enjalo Vasily Zhukovsky? Biography emfushane kufanele kuthakazelise abalandeli ezincwadi. Ukuqala njengoba sentimentalist, Zhukovsky wayengomunye wabasunguli be romanticism Russian. izinkondlo wakhe ugcwele izithombe eqanjiwe okuthandwayo, amaphupho melancholy. Vasily Zhukovsky elihunyushwe imisebenzi George. Byron, Schiller, "The Odyssey" uHomer. Sinikeza ubazi kakhulu ngokuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi.

Umsuka V A. Zhukovskogo

Vasily Zhukovsky wazalwa. isifundazwe Mishenskoe Tula 01/29/1783. Uyise, AI Bunin kwaba umninindlu kwalesi sigodi, nonina - owesifazane Turkish eyisithunjwa. Vasily Zhukovsky wathola nesibongo nezinye Bunin, Andreya Grigorevicha Zhukovskogo. Bunin umkhaya nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa imbongi labhekana nosizi esabekayo: ngesikhathi esifushane zabantu 11 bafe, abayisithupha, ababandakanya indodana kuphela ngokutadisha ngesikhathi e-University of Leipzig. Maria G., lusizi, kumemori lendodana yakhe wanquma ukuthatha ezizalwayo umndeni wakhe futhi ukuyikhulisa njengendodana yayo.

Isifundo e B & B

Ngokushesha, lo mfana baba intandokazi wonke umndeni. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-14, Basil langena ehostela nyuvesi eMoscow. Watadisha khona iminyaka 4. Pension wabanika ulwazi olunzulu, kodwa beqondiswa othisha nabafundi ngokuvamile ukuqoqa ukufunda nakho kwabo etemibhalo. Nakomagazini eshicilelwe ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Ngokushesha wanyathelisa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Umlando wakhe ephawulwe aseqala ezinyathelisiwe 1797. Eyokuqala umsebenzi eshicilelwe - "Imicabango ethuneni." It yadalwa ngaphansi umbono ngokufa V A. Yushkovoy. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda endlini isivakashi (kusuka 1797 kuya 1801) elandelayo Zhukovsky okudaliwe zishicilelwe: e 1797 - "Kwangathi Morning" e-1798 - "Ubuhle", ngo-1800 - "Umhlaba" futhi "K Tibullus", e 1801 - " ukuze indoda, "nabanye. Kukho konke kubo kubuswa inothi melancholy. Poet Kugxilisa transience wazo zonke izinto lasemhlabeni, fragility wokuphila, okwakungathi kuye ngokugcwele ukuhlupheka nezinyembezi. Lokhu isimo kwaba ikakhulukazi ngenxa okuthandwa kwezincwadi ngesikhathi. Iqiniso ukuthi imisebenzi yokuqala Vasily uvele lapho abaningi bayahlonishwa "Kubi Liza" Karamzin, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1792. Kwakukhona okufana ezingenakubalwa.

Nokho, zonke ayichazi imfashini. Izimo yokuzalwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo kwakungenziwanga ukhohlwe imuphi omunye noma ngokwabo. Wayefanele sesimweni kuyadida emphakathini. Esakhula imbongi nabo abazange bajabule.

Inguqulo yokuqala, ukubuya, beya emzaneni

Ngesikhathi izifundo zakhe endlini isivakashi futhi inikeza ukuhunyushwa kwenguqulo yokuqala Zhukovsky - noveli "Umfana emlanjaneni" Kotzebue (1801). Vasily kokuqeda izifundo wazihlanganisa, kodwa ngokushesha owanquma ukuhoxisa ke. Wagogobala Mishenskoe ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo.

Ukudala iminyaka 1802-1808

Ngo 1803, ke ubhalwe futhi wanyatheliswa Zhukovsky inoveli "Vadim Novgorodsky." Kubonisa ukuthi cishe ngaleso sikhathi, imbongi waqala ukutadisha umlando ERussia yasendulo.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe kuleli zwe (1802-1808) cishe akazange ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Umlando wakhe kuphawulwa ukubukeka ezokudala ezintsha ezimbalwa. Esikhathini "Journal of Europe" ibekwe yakhe edumile 1802 "yasemaphandleni Amathuna" - Remake noma ukuhumusha mahhala elimpunga. Lo msebenzi ngokushesha amehlo. Revalina s temat nokuba lula kuye babe ukuvulwa entsha isikhathi, ngisho nalapho wabusa enokuziphakamisa mbumbulu classicism. Ngesikhathi Zhukovsky wadala "Marina Grove" - indaba, ezibhaliwe belingisa "Kubi Liza".

Vasily e 1806 basabela umphakathi jikelele-enomfutho "iculo Bard phezu lomngcwabo lwamaSlav-abawinile." "ULyudmila" Uvele 1808. Kwakuyisikhathi Remake lomkhiqizo "Lenora" Burger. Kuyinto ne bezingoma "liudmila" ezincwadini Russian baba romanticism. Vasily baqonda ukuthi uhlangothi lwakhe, lapho isifiso esijulile eNkathini Ephakathi, izwe ezinganekwaneni ephakathi yezinganekwane.

Zhukovsky bakhuthazwa impumelelo "ULyudmila". Eziguquliwe futhi izinguqulo kusukela kulesi sikhathi ngokuqhubekayo ukulandela enye ngemva kwenye. Vasily elihunyushwe izimbongi ikakhulukazi German. Futhi impumelelo ngendalo yakhe zihlobene imisebenzi Schiller. Ngaleso sikhathi Zhukovsky wadala nemisebenzi yokuqala. Kwakukhona, isibonelo, engxenyeni yokuqala inkondlo "Abayishumi nambili izintombi ingalali" ngokuthi "Stormbreaker", kanye izihloko eziningana temibhalo yephrozi.

Ukuhambisa eMoscow, umsebenzi wokuhlela

Ngesikhathi esifanayo waba umhleli we "Bulletin Europe" Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Umlando Omfushane yakhe kwasho hambisa eMoscow ukwenza umsebenzi. kweminyaka emibili baqhubeka nomsebenzi wokuhlela, kusukela 1809 kuya 1810. Ngezinye Vasily lokuqala wasebenza yedwa, khona-ke kanye Kachenovsky. Hamba ihlale isikhathi eside futhi liyiswe unaphakade "Isimemezelo Europe".

idrama senhliziyo Zhukovsky

Ngemva kwalokho, Zhukovsky waphindela esigodini sakubo futhi wahlala lapha idrama ezijulile ngokusuka enhliziyweni. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule waqala nge nabashana akhe, namadodakazi E. A. Protasovoy, indodakazi omncane umninindlu Bunin. Catherine Afanasyevna ongumfelokazi nje kokuba sazinza Belyov. Vasily Protasov walithanda inkanuko uMariya, abadala umfundi wakhe. Motifs Izintandokazi isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe kukhona amaphupho olujulile lokuthandana nomndeni injabulo. Nokho, umuzwa Zhukovsky ngokushesha bathola ithoni melancholy. Nokuzwelana wakwenza lokhu uthando emehlweni abanye engenakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ufihle ngokucophelela umuzwa wakhe. Kuphela outpourings olusankondlo ke ithole indlela yokuphuma. Nokho, ngaphandle kwaphazamiseka izifundo zesayensi Zhukovsky. Yena ngentshiseko ngokukhethekile waqala ukutadisha umlando, Russian futhi jikelele, futhi usezuze ulwazi olunzulu.

"Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian" futhi "USvetlana"

Zhukovsky e 1812, banquma ukucela esandleni Marii Protasovoy nonina, kodwa kutholwe nokwenqaba flat. Sivikele nokuzwelana umshado. Vasily ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho waya eMoscow. Lapha wajoyina izidlamlilo Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Kafushane ngesipiliyoni sakhe singasho okulandelayo. Ekhangwa intshiseko yokushisekela izwe ukuthi amasosha Russian bathunjwa ekamu Tarutino Zhukovsky wabhala "Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian." Lo msebenzi ngokushesha eyaduma kakhulu. It badayise e izinkulungwane uhlu balelo butho nezinye sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia. New Zhukovsky bezingoma "USvetlana" futhi libhekisela 1812 Russian Naphezu isingeniso, kulo msebenzi ezakhiwa izisusa "Lenore" Burger.

Life kanye umsebenzi Zhukovsky enkantolo

Esikhathini esingeside baqhubeka nokuphila lempi Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Yena waphathwa typhus ngasekupheleni 1812 futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-January 1813. Ngo 1814 kwaba khona "Umlayezo oya uMbusi u-Alexander," okuthi ngemva kwako iNdlovukazi Maria Feodorovna wafuna Zhukovsky efika Petersburg. Maria Protasov ngo-1817 washada UProfesa Mayer. Ngo izinkondlo Zhukovsky, futhi kamuva liyokhala kuyiphupho uthando. Nokho, wayethandana ebuthaka ngo-1823 washona. Ingabe ukhohlwe Mary Protasov bese uthola naye ekuphileni Vasily Zhukovsky? Biography zeminyaka yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo uzokunika impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Base amanothi zezinkondlo Zhukovsky sika

"Isifiso Ngothando," "nenshisekelo kude," "ukudabuka akwaziwa", "usizi ngokuhlukana" - lawa amanothi eziyisisekelo izinkondlo of Vasily. Ubunjalo cishe engaphansi yayo ngokuphelele isimo ezingaqondakali of Zhukovsky, okubangelwa amaphupho ezinganeni lothando. Ngakho, ngaphansi kwezimo zangaleso sikhathi, owandile umphakathi isihawu okuthandwa tetemibhalo, kanye ngangokunokwenzeka wafika imizwa siqu imbongi. Zhukovsky ekwenzeni idalwe nguwe romantic sentimentalism okuqukethwe kakhulu wandisa izincwadi kazwelonke, bakufakazela kuye. Nokho, singakwazi ukuhlakulela ngemisebenzi yakhe, izisusa entsha, walandela imiyalelo imizwa ikakhulukazi siqu.

Imbongi Vasily Zhukovsky ayithatha romanticism medieval wukuthi ngokuvumelana amaphupho akhe siqu ezingaqondakali kanye nezifiso. Inani incwadi yakhe yabangela inguquko ukuthi inkondlo Zhukovskogo luhlangotsi kokuba kanyekanye bakhonza izithakazelo ezivamile ukuthuthukiswa izincwadi. Subjectivism kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni ukususwa lokusungula ngomlomo psevdoklassitsisticheskogo abandayo. Zhukovsky wethulwa emhlabeni, izincwadi, ukuphila kwangaphakathi, kuye kuze kube manje cishe engaziwa.

Inkathi esukela 1817 kuya 1841 - ngesikhathi lapho Vasily wahlala esigodlweni. Ekuqaleni, yena waba umfundisi isiRashiya. abafundi bakhe bavumelana Duchess Elena Pavlovna no-Alexandra. Futhi kusukela 1825 Vasily waba umfundisi ka-Aleksandru Nikolaevich, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Ngalesi sikhathi ngokuvamile ngaya phesheya Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Imbongi waya khona kokubili ibhizinisi kanye nokwelashwa.

Izikhangibavakashi Zhukovsky nemisebenzi emisha

imisebenzi Zhukovsky kuvela ngalesi sikhathi njengoba uma ngengozi. Ngokwesibonelo, uya Switzerland naseJalimane ekwindla ka 1820, Vasily kwaqala ngo Berlin ukuhunyushwa Schiller sika "Maid of Orleans". Ngo 1821 wathola iziqu nge-honours. Futhi liphefumulelwe Chillon Castle, elise Switzerland, kwase kunesiqiniseko ukuhumusha "Prisoner of Chillon" Byron (1822).

Vasily Zhukovsky wachitha ubusika ka 1832-33 GG. e Lake Geneva. Izinguqulo eziningana of umalusi, Schiller, Uhland, izindima "Iliad" nabanye. Uvele ngaleso sikhathi. Vasily uhambo silibangise eRussia 1837 futhi ingxenye yeSiberia ne indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Futhi kule 1838-39 biennium. wahambisana namalungiselelo, futhi esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Zhukovsky eRoma baba nobungane Gogol, okuyinto ukuthonywa ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa ezingaqondakali emsebenzini wakhe kamuva.

umshado

Amakilasi nge indlalifa yaphela entwasahlobo 1841. Umthelela owayeneminwe kuye Zhukovsky, yayinenzuzo. Manje ukuphendula umbuzo kanjani kwakukhona ukuphila siqu Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Ngo Dusseldorf ngo-April 21 1841 zenzeka umshado Vasily (ke kakade iminyaka engu-58 ubudala) nge indodakazi eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala umdwebi Reitern, umngane zakhe esezinesikhathi eside zimkhonza. Zhukovsky Uchithe isonto eledlule 12 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe e-Germany nomkhaya umkakhe.

Vasily Zhukovsky: Biography of neminyaka yokugcina

Ngonyaka wokuqala yokuphila kwasemshadweni, ebhala zamaqhawe "Tulip Tree", "Puss e Boots", "Mayelana Ivan Tsarevich kanye Gray Wolf". Ukuhumusha "The Odyssey" (umqulu wokuqala) uvele 1848, kanti eyesibili - in 1849. Inkondlo "I-Wandering umJuda", ngeshwa, akazange aqede Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Umlando Omfushane emikhawulweni yaso e Baden-Baden e 1852, ku-7 Apreli. Yilokho lapho efa Vasily. Washiya unkosikazi, indodakazi nendodana. Kodwa hhayi kubo kuphela. Omkhulu ifa kwezobuciko wasishiya Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich.

ikhono lakhe lokusungula iyingxenye yezifundo zezikole ezincwadini. Works of Vasily futhi namanje uyasho ngabaningi, futhi isithakazelo kumuntu wakhe ungacimi. Lapha wajwayelana Biography of the imbongi omkhulu Russian Vasily Zhukovsky. lokusungula yakhe, siye echazwe kafushane kuphela, kodwa ewufanele ukutadishwa. Qhubeka ajwayelane le mbongi, nakanjani kunomvuzo.