Imbongi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: Biography, lokusungula

Russian futhi imbongi Soviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabelethwa Petersburg, e Tsarskoye Selo (manje - emzini Pushkin), 10 April 1895. Ngakho-ke, isihloko ayemiselwe ngokoqobo: uyise wafundisa umthetho kaNkulunkulu esikhathini esikoleni esifanayo omkhulu, lapho Umqondisi wayeseqiniseka okuhamba phambili kwe-abeluleki - Innokentiy Annensky. Lapho wahlangana Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky futhi Nikolaem Gumilovym, ubani esikoleni esifanayo wafundiswa, futhi kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila, wacabanga laba bantu ababili nothisha wakhe oyinhloko.

Indlela lezi zincwadi

Domestic, kanye nemfundo ephezulu esikoleni kwadingeka imbongi kakhulu, Ngemva kokuba esengene University e-Faculty temlandvo kolimi. Lapho Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ngentshiseko wafunda onyakeni wokuqala, owokuQala Umhlaba. iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo imbongi wafika ngaphambi nje kwempi, "iminyaka esikoleni". Incwadi yokuqala abasha Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky waba nethuba ukubukisa (kodwa neze belisebenzisa) eminyakeni emine ngaphambi - ". I osafunda" ngo-1910, lapho izinkondlo zakhe avele umagazini

It saba nesikhathi esimnandi kakhulu! Eduze sokuzivocavoca yabesifazane, lapho efunda Akhmatova esizayo, kodwa unekhono intombazane Anya Gorenko - Vsevolod umngane iminyaka eminingi, abaningi. Tsarskoye Selo possessed nophenyo olusankondlo: nalezo yayo izigodlo edumile emhlabeni wonke namapaki - ubukhazikhazi Versailles, yonke indawo udlulele ukuvumelana, nobuhle asankondlo injabulo zamehlo. umphefumulo imbongi kwakungu elungele ukwamukela okufundayo - umthelela yobuhle ezizungezile wanikeza ukunxanela okuphakade obugagu, ubuhle kanye nokuvuleleka. Futhi emavesini Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala nje enjalo kwakwande ahlobene edorobheni lekhabo ukuvumelana umusa unhurried. Pushkinskaya Muse ezimbalwa "tsarskosolov" hhayi ishukumisa umphefumulo.

abazali

Umthelela ezimbi kakhulu ukunambitheka esankondlo imbongi unina, owayesesimweni ukuxhumana ne Countryman wakhe omkhulu - uLeo Tolstoy. Yena wayevela emkhayeni omkhulu angadle ngabuhle obutheni kodwa wafundiswa futhi kusukela ekuzalweni wayephiwe inhlakanipho yokudala, enhloko, futhi kwadingeka eziningi inkululeko ukusebenzisa izwi: yahlanganiswa inkulumo yakhe, uketshezi, bushelelezi futhi enobungane njalo.

uyise Imbongi wazalwa ngo lezo zindawo, okuyinto indodana yakhe ukuvikela phakathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - Awukude Tikhvin. Lapha ehlobo umndeni uhambo ezovakasha, futhi imbongi esizayo ugxile charm ukuphila emaphandleni Ilinskoe engengaphansi uzimisele kuka ubuhle elicwengekile edolobheni lakubo. Inhlanganisela ongaziwa futhi yinqaba, kodwa futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu owawusekelwe imigqa senkondlo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala izinkondlo, umuzwa nzile injabulo nangokuzwana emhlabeni kuyilapho egcwele.

Inhlanganisela kwendle

umphefumulo Imbongi ihlale kanyekanye Bahlala ngobuhle nenjabulo ezihlukahlukene hhayi efana nezinye izakhi ngamunye: ukuphila emaphandleni nokwelukiweyo idolobha esinjengesasebukhosini, e elula ongumlimi lwesigodi - intelligence okusezingeni eliphezulu. Yasungulwa futhi ithalente. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala izinkondlo kwenjabulo bajabule naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwenkathi wanikwa okufanayo: kanzima nesihluku, ngezinye izikhathi - abangenasihe.

Futhi, ngesikhathi kuwa, kwakubukeka sengathi konke ifana Sunbeam uqokomisa minyaka enzima kunazo zonke izihloko yezincwadi zakhe: "Summer" - edition 1921, "Ifasitela engadini" - 1939 ... Izikhathi nenjabulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, ogama biography lalakhiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili, iyavuleka konke okwakwenzeka ukuba ezweni lakubo, ke kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe, ngaphandle usizi bokubanga.

Fidelity ukuncenceza

Nemisebenzi yakhe okwalandela ungakaze elahlekile sethemba: ". Ukubhekana entathakusa" "Oriole", "Dawn-Russian", "Golden Autumn" ... Ngisho incwadi yokugcina eshicilelwe ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1976, obizwa ngokuthi Sunny imbongi, bethokoza Akumangalisi ezinengqondo. Awukho umsindo, ukubhonga nangokuduma kwenkathi entsha wawungenamandla okuyinyakazisa luyingxenye uthando Pushkin okuphila, organic, uzizwa isikhathi eside, eduze lapho bonke yizimpi nokuvukela - encane ikakhulukazi, njengokungathi ziwuthuli ngehabhu ka Orpheus.

abagxeki abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu ihabhu okuyinto lehla UNikolai Gumilev, ephakanyiswe ke Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Umlando wakhe akahlukile lezo ematfuba abukhali, usizi ubuqhawe njengoba gumilovskaya. Kodwa ezintathu kwezine eminyakeni eyikhulu ukubhala ngesandla esivulekile ukuze kujabule amavesi - lokhu ingaphezu feat, akunjalo?

Isiqalo kakhulu

Imbongi abasha kuyinto kakhulu, lucky kakhulu nge abeluleki. Journal of "The osafunda," okuyinto yadalwa ngesisekelo Lokuqala sokuzivocavoca Petersburg, usuhlele uthisha Latin, kamuva baziwa kakhulu njengoba umlobi nesazi zomlando Vasiliy Grigorevich Yan, ogama Saga mayelana uGenghis Khan futhi Batye njalo kuyoba ethandwa kakhulu, baye ihunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka amahlanu. Igama yangempela ungumfundisi Latin - Yanchevetsky, nguye futhi ukuhlelwa yokuqala yalo, umntwana, inkondlo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky noma incwadi yokuqala iminyaka yakhe esikoleni esiphakeme, ayikho incwadi kukamagazini i- "The osafunda" ungalokothi kabusha, uwabheka ukuba imitative futhi umfundi.

Nokho, ayikho into esingayenza, babengakwazi ngisho kusesenesikhathi. Apukhtin, Nadson kanye nabantu abadala ... eziningi abantu abazibheka izimbongi, isono ukuboleka cishe ngqo, okuyinto abe Christmas encane alikho. Cycle, which busisa Pushkin, kahle wacabanga, ngokunembile kuhlaziywe, eline isithakazelo abantu ubuciko, nokuzindla Baratynsky ukumangala prochuvstvovaniyu kwengqondo ukuthi akuyona umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya neziphiwo abasha.

abafundi

Kusukela ngo-1914 Rozhdestvenskiy Vsevolod Aleksandrovich is ezisohlwini uhlu abafundi Petersburg University. ayabila Political, mpikiswano ke neze wathinta, akazange iqhaza nabo. Yesimanjemanje, isilingo iningi ezizungezile, sisondele kakhulu nabo abazange, ngakho akuyona into eyodwa ohlonishwa njengomholi Bloc. Kodwa ngaphandle abalulekile ukuphola phetho, futhi manje yena uye washiya. Ngesikhathi ubuhlakani efanayo wafunda Larisa Reisner, sibalo elikhanyayo, qinani le mfanelo kuze kube manje.

Ndawonye babevakashele lo ubuhlakani "Circle Izimbongi" futhi cishe base ngokulinganayo asebenzayo. uyise Larissa wasiza ukushicilela umagazini, owawungumnyaka umzimba mug, ngokuthi "Rudin". Kwatholakala ingqikithi amakamelo eziyisishiyagalombili, okwakukhona izinkondlo ezintathu kakade ebhaliwe imbongi omdala - Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Kwakungekhona nje club, kwaba esikoleni yevesi, lapho sathi Yesenin, Mandelstam neminye Petersburg izimbongi yesikhathi.

Ukukhetha

Kancane kancane zasondela ukubukwa yeningi futhi izinguquko ukuthonywa Larissa Reisner waqala ukubusa kumbuthano. Ungishiya ngo-Okthoba 1917 wathola udumo zaphakade njengoba Commissioner of the aseBaltic Fleet. Umkhuzi iRed Army baba Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

"Izwi Motherland" - le nkondlo odumile 1941 - kwakuzwakala elikhulu kangaka yingoba imbongi abasha Kulelikhulu leminyaka ikota edlule, kanye Ibutho lakhe kuzo zonke izenzakalo sosizi eziye wadala kakhulu ezweni, okuyiwona zingawuhawukeli ezimpilweni zabo, walwa nabo bonke abantu.

emihlanganweni

Ekupheleni ukuphila Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala i okukhuluma "amakhasi of Life", futhi incwadi iba cishe ngokushesha siyindlala, nakuba ayengazi kakhulu kwegazi encane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu ekuphileni kwakhe babe ngokuvamile nje ongavamile kanye edume. Ngokwesibonelo, wayengumuntu umfundisi emkhayeni Maksima Gorkogo, futhi umbhali waba umbono eliphezulu kakhulu ithalente wale nsizwa, wathatha empilweni yakhe yokudala ingxenye isuke isebenza kakhulu futhi abaningi ngokuzithandela bazokhuluma belulekwa, weluleka. Ngaxoxa kakhulu futhi Christmas ngenqwaba emangalisayo "iNdlu imbongi" ekhatsi Koktebel - Maksimilianom Voloshinym.

Hhayi izinkondlo ize Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ugxile ngokuthi "isayensi injabulo". Umhlangano no-Aleksandru Blok is kakhulu kuchaziwe okuthandwa senkondlo. Adonsela phansi maqondana ukunemba kanye rigor acmeism lidlule, waqala magic futhi magic of the umculo kwangaphakathi yamagama. Lapho block Ngahlukana elala acmeists, Christmas wahlala Bloc hhayi ukubhala "ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, ugqozi." Isayensi izinkondlo kungafundwa kalula, uma ukunambitheka lihle. Futhi ngalesi sibindi amalungelo abo, futhi, wayengumuntu imbongi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

izinkondlo impi

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe wenza abezempi imbongi sika ngokoqobo ngosuku lokuqala. "Ukuze ukuzivikela kweLeningrad" - iphephandaba wathumela imibiko yayo kunoma, ngisho nemisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngabelwa Seventh Army futhi kwenziwe kunoma yikuphi ukuqhutshwa wezempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imibandela kanye izinkondlo. Ngo-1943 wakhipha umqulu incwadi ethi "The Voice of the Motherland", futhi ngo-1945 - "Ladoga". Lawa kwakungamadodana ubufakazi ahlukahlukene ukuthi imbongi ikhathazekile ukuthi imbongi wabona, wezwa futhi wazizwa. Izinkondlo satires, tindzaba tekuticambela ballads, izincwadi nezingoma.

Kodwa, njengasekuqaleni, noma yiliphi igama olusankondlo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky kwaba esobala futhi ihlanzekile. Le ngcweti - ngomqondo best of izwi - a traditionalist: art classical is okucetshiswe omkhulu, nolunzima isipiliyoni we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ke wadabula okuningi ukulinga ebuya efile eziningi uphela Maze yesitayela kepha abafundi ubekade esiqinile asesimweni senkondlo, egcwele ukuphila okuhlanzekile ukuphefumula.

ngemva kwempi

Le mpi yaba nzima. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso kokuqedwa kwayo, ngo-1947, wanyathelisa incwadi "Umama Road", ngemva kwalokho imbongi wathula iminyaka eyishumi nanye. Ngemva izinkondlo impi kakhulu umphefumulo awuyona ngokushesha kwemizwa for zezwe lakudala nokuzwana. Futhi mina bhala lokhu isimo ayengakwenza ubani noma yini, vele ngeke Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Ingcindezelo namatha it kuphela amaphoyisa, ngisho nangaphambi inguquko, lapho-University of St. Petersburg, efana umshanelo, eshanela kuze abafundi ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni. Ngaphezu umsebenzi olusankondlo, Vsevolod Alexandrovich kumele ente namanje kakhulu, eziningi kakhulu.

Yiqiniso, wayesebenzisa lawo amakhono ngenkathi elinde nokuthula kwengqondo. Ukwenza translation wayebhala Libretto opera (lokubhalwako wayinikela nanhlanu, phakathi kwabo opera abaningi abaye baba zabuna). Enkathini yokugcina lokusungula - kuyinto esankondlo - cishe ngokuphelele kuthatha isihloko art Russian. Wabhala uchungechunge lwezinsiza-izinkondlo anikezelwe umakhi enkulu eRussia. Poet philosophizes ubhekisisa namathafa bomdabu. Futhi indawo enkulu kakhulu emisebenzini yakhe nesikhundla memoir.

Caucasus

Thanda lezi imiphetho esibusisekile esibonga umsuka emuva 20s, futhi imiphumela yabuya ithi lapha ngezikhathi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky kukho konke ukuphila kwami. Lezi kulolu hambo ziyabonakala ezinkondlweni "Tsei", "Vasso Hunter", "Umhlangano Caucasian" kanye nabanye abaningi. Nangu mthombo ongashi imbongi emsebenzini wakhe.

Intaba Cycles - obukhulu yasekuqaleni senkondlo. Ubuhle enamandla bemvelo bendawo wakwazi ukuqinisa indawo enhle ezigodini Tikhvin futhi slenderness ahlukile Tsarskoye Selo zilwane. Tseyskoe esigodini bakhangwa imbongi, Ifana nozibuthe, kungakho sokulindela okuhle esingokwemvelo imbongi iba uhlobo savagery, futhi ugqozi likhokhelwa njengendlela isibhamu.