United Inkampani RUSAL: isakhiwo, ukuphathwa, imikhiqizo

RUSAL corporation noma "Aluminium Russian" ingenye Russian yezinkampani ezinkulu yangasese. Le nkampani ibuye ngenkuthalo ubambisana nozakwethu ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya, futhi omunye wabadlali amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni ingxenye ezifanele eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Lokho-ke ukhiqiza? Ubani ungumnikazi futhi ilawula inkampani?

Inkampani Overview

RUSAL ingenye amabhizinisi ngobukhulu ezweni lethu futhi umkhiqizi aluminium futhi alumina esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokomthetho, ibhizinisi ibhalisiwe e Jersey, okuyinto is owned by UK. Umthamo inani aluminiyamu smelters okungewakho Nhlangano, imayelana million 4.4 amathani alumina - amathani abangaba yizigidi ezingu-12.3. Ezimakethe Russian ngokuya ngenzuzo RUSAL sibathelela ikakhulukazi nje uwoyela negesi izinkampani ngobukhulu.

umlando wenkampani

RUSAL yasungulwa ngo-2007 ngu-nokuhlanganiswa Russian izinkampani amafa - "Russian Aluminium", Sual kanye nenkampani Swiss Glencore. It may kuqashelwe ukuthi le esanda elihlanganisiwe corporation wahlala izimpawu okuqondene "Russian Aluminium".

Empeleni, isakhiwo ale Nhlangano akhona RUSAL izimboni, eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngakho, owokuqala aluminium yasekhaya ifektri wethulwa iSoviet Union ngo-1932 edolobheni Volkhov. Umthengisi kukagesi ngesikhathi isitshalo kwaba Volkhov esiteshini emifula, izinto zokusetshenziswa bauxite futhi misela eseduze. Ngo-1933, kokungenela efanayo wethulwa Zaporozhye, e-Ukraine SSR. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30 sika kwaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa bauxite futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukukhiqizwa aluminium futhi alumina esifundeni esise-Ural nezimboni Soviet umkhankaso Ural Aluminium Plant.

Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ifektri e Zaporozhye elathunjwa Volkhovsky wasongelwa, ngakho nezimboni Soviet banquma ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha langemuva - Krasnoturinsk futhi Novokuznetsk. Ngemva Kwempi, emnothweni Soviet lalinenkinga nesidingo esikhulayo aluminium. izimboni ezintsha ngaqala ukuvula phezulu Eastern eSiberia. Ngo-1960 imboni ukwenziwa aluminium esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wavula e Krasnoyarsk futhi eBratsk. Ukuze unikeze lezi amabhizinisi nge alumina - ngenkathi ikakhulukazi amazwe, izitshalo zakhiwa zaba Achinsk futhi Nikolayev.

Ngo-1985-ke wavulwa Sayanogorsk aluminium sitshalo Khakassia. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ekupheleni 80s eSoviet Union Uphume endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni aluminium. Izwe ngenkuthalo akhishelwe khona metal. Sayanogorsk Aluminium smelter kakhulu kwaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwalesi umkhakha. Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kokutholakala kwalo eSoviet Union ukuba nobunzima obuthile, kabusha, bese wokugoqa yezwe.

Ukusungulwa kwe corporation "Russian Aluminium" kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe isikhathi ufakwe emakethe emhlabeni yezinye umkhakha abadlali ababili ezinkulu emakethe - "laseSiberia Aluminium" futhi "Sibneft", okuyinto futhi kwadingeka aluminium amafa. Ngo-2000, idatha corporation sebehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla yazo, kuphumele i "Russian Aluminium". заводы по производству алюминия в России и Украине. Isakhiwo corporation zazihlanganisa ngobukhulu aluminium smelter eRussia nase-Ukraine.

Ngemva kwalokho, inkampani waqala ngenkuthalo sandise ibhizinisi phesheya. Kodwa inkampani emakethe Russian nayo ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Ngakho, Khakas aluminium isitshalo lavulwa ngo 2006, futhi ngo-Sayanogorsk. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2007, "Russian Aluminium" elawulwa mayelana 80% embonini ingxenye salo eRussia.

Njengoba for nye isihloko kuthengiselana, ngenxa lapho corporation kwamiswa RUSAL - Sual, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi le Nhlangano yasungulwa ngo 1996 e Kamensk-Uralsky. Ngokuhamba sokuthuthuka, it is impela ngenkuthalo wathenga inkampani ukwenziwa aluminium - kodwa avame ukuba sincane. Futhi, lokhu inkampani aluthola Zaporozhye aluminium isitshalo. Eqinisweni, ngo-2007, Sual elawulwa ukuthi ingxenye wemakethe kwakungeyona "Russian Aluminium", okungukuthi, yabelana yayo engaba ngu-20% ingxenye.

Kodwa namanje ngandlela-thile ngo-2007, zombili izinkampani ahlanganisiwe, ukuze kwamiswa ka "Rusal".

Inkampani ngesikhathi kunezinkinga ka 2008-2009

Ngokwanele izinkampane ezinkulu nezinkinga okwadingeka zinqotshwe esikhathini yokwehla kwezinga lezomnotho e-Russia e 2008-2009. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inkampani nobunzima ukukhula nokubonga. Nokho, i-corporation wakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga. Esikhathini kusuka Okthoba kuya kuDisemba 2009, inkampani "RUSAL" usesayine eziningi Izivumelwano amabhange ezinkulu - kokubili Russian angaphandle, izikweletu ukuhlelwa kabusha ayelingana cishe isigidi sezigidi 16.8 aseMelika.

Ubani ungumnikazi futhi uphatha Nhlangano?

Kuyasiza cabanga isakhiwo ubunikazi corporation, kanye-ke yashintsha indlela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kuze 2010, umninimasheya elikhulu inkampani inkampani eliyifa En +, okuyinto ilawulwa Oleg Deripaska. I share elilandelayo elikhulu amafa Sual. ONEXIM Group, prinadlazheschey Mikhail Prokhorov, aphethwe esigxotsheni ngobukhulu e-corporation. ОАО «РУСАЛ» являлась компания Glencore. Omunye umnikazi wamasheya ezinkulu "Rusal" iyinkampani Glencore.

Ngo-January 2010, i-corporation uye eyenziwa i Ipo ku Hong Kong Exchange. Ngo inqubo ukubhida inkampani ephethwe ukuthengisa 10,6% wamasheya for 2,24 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Wonke amafa ale Nhlangano ziye elilinganisiwe inani yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 21 aseMelika. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi abatshalizimali labalulekile eluLwimi steel ibhizinisi Vnesheconombank futhi waseLibya Investment Authority Isikhwama, emelela Libya. Lezi zinhlangano ngiye ngazuza, ngokulandelana, 3.15% kanye 1.43% izibambiso we Russian aluminium giant. Ngemva Ipo, isabelo ishintshile bamasheya ezithile ezingukhiye inkampani - basuke encishisiwe usayizi iphakethe kwempahla ithengiswe ukuze zimali.

Manje inkampani ephethe Olega Deripaski ungumnikazi 48,13% we ukwabelana "Russian Aluminium», Sual Partners ungumnikazi 15.8% yezimpahla Nhlangano. ONEXIM Iqembu ungumnikazi 17,02% we ukwabelana "Russian Aluminium". Glencore Corporation ungumnikazi 8,75% we amafa inkampani aluminium Russian. In the mode yohwebo khulula amakheli 10,04% esigxotsheni kule nkampani. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi 0,26% Securities "Russian Aluminium" yenkampani ephethwe ngabaphathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo CEO ale Nhlangano ungumnikazi 0,23% lamasheya.

ukuphathwa inkampani

Usihlalo weBhodi Labaqondisi JSC "RUSAL" kusukela ekusungulweni inkampani Viktor Vekselberg. Ngo-2012, wamemezela ukuthi uyasula ekubeni. Ngo-October 2012, iBhodi nhlangano Labaqondisi eliholwa Matthias Warnig. UMongameli Oleg Deripaska. Isikhundla General Umqondisi "Russian Aluminium" kuthatha Vladislav Soloviev.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ale Nhlangano

Masitadishe ngaphezulu ke lokho inkampani RUSAL.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-corporation, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - ukukhiqizwa alumina kanye ne-aluminium. Phakathi izikimu esetshenziswa inhlangano ale Nhlangano zokukhiqiza - etolls lapho impahla eluhlaza amazwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe, icutshungulwe ku "Russian Aluminium" izimboni, futhi umkhiqizo osuphelile ke zithutha phesheya.

RUSAL ngenkuthalo baxhumana nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlanganyela Rao "EEC Russia" luyasetshenziswa esakhiweni Boguchanskaya HPP kanye ne-aluminium smelter kokuba amandla angaba yizinkulungwane 600. Amathani Krasnoyarsk esifundeni. I Corporation usuqalise ukwakhiwa izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu kule mboni. Cabangela lokho okushiwo abanye kubo manje ngokhiye imisebenzi yenkampani.

Imisebenzi inkampani RUSAL: izitshalo

izitshalo Inkampani kungenziwa oluthathwa zibe ngalezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

- amabhizinisi akhiqiza aluminium;

- izitshalo ukwenziwa alumina;

- Izinkampani wahlanganyela isizinda bauxite;

- izitshalo akhiqiza ucwecwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo e kusinye okukhulunywa izitshalo babe zombili izinkampani Russian angaphandle.

Izitshalo ukwenziwa aluminium

Lesi sitshalo lokuqala ukwenziwa aluminium e-USSR, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - Volkhov, yasungulwa ngo-1932 futhi namanje sisebenza. umthamo wayo - hhayi kakhulu, ezintweni eziningi Imininingwane -. amathani Abangaba yizinkulungwane 24, kodwa noma kunjalo, ibhizinisi kuyinto ingqalasizinda luhlobo abalulekile inkampani.

Ngemva Volkhov, ngo-1939-ke wethulwa Ural aluminium sitshalo Kamensk-Uralsky. Iphinde isebenza kuze kube manje, kodwa manje egxile ngokuyinhloko ezindabeni udaba alumina.

Enterprises ezazakhiwe phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - the Novokuznetsk aluminium smelters futhi Theology, evulekile, ngokulandelana, ngo-1943 no-1944. Futhi abasebenza ngempumelelo kuze kube manje. Theological aluminium isitshalo ukhiqiza ikakhulu alumina, futhi yakhiwa isiteshi ekusakazeni. Inkampani ikhiqiza zizivikele aluminiyamu futhi Alloys zalo ezihlukahlukene. umthamo sitshalo imayelana ayizinkulungwane 960. Amathani alumina ngonyaka. Novokuznetsk isitshalo uyaqhubeka ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa aluminium.

Inkampani enamandla kakhulu RUSAL, esigabeni sokuqala - ". Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Isitshalo" It has a umthamo we mayelana 1008 ayizinkulungwane. Tonnes. "Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Isitshalo" yasungulwa ngo-1964 Krasnoyarsk futhi ingenye izikhungo ukhiye kwezezimboni ingxenye ohambelana we umkhakha Russian. Lesi sitshalo ngobukhulu ekukhiqizweni aluminium RUSAL itholakala eBratsk. It yasungulwa ngo 1966. umthamo wayo imayelana 1006 ayizinkulungwane. tonnes. RUSAL esigabeni ezifanele olwesithathu amandla plant - the Irkutsk aluminium smelter. It yasungulwa ngo 1962. Irkutsk aluminium isitshalo sinesikhundla lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane. 529 tonnes. Lesi sitshalo itholakala Shelekhov.

Phakathi izinkampani RUSAL, okuyinto kulindeleke ukuba ehlukahlukene - Volgograd Aluminium smelter. On ke, ngokukhethekile, kulindeleke ukuba uqale ukukhiqizwa anodes Baked. Volgograd Aluminium smelter ine nengqalasizinda edingekayo ukwenziwa steel. Ukusakaza yakhe umthamo imayelana ayizinkulungwane 60. amathani ngonyaka.

Phesheya RUSAL sika aluminium smelters kukhona edolobheni IsiSwidi Sundsvall, kanye eNigeria Ikot Abasi.

Izitshalo ukwenziwa alumina

Uma sikhuluma zokuwuhluza alumina, RUSAL, le amabhizinisi Russian elikhulu yohlobo ehambisana kukhona, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, Theology, Ural izitshalo aluminium kanye Izigayo e Achinsk futhi Boksitogorsk.

Phesheya Inkampani RUSAL ukwenziwa alumina ise-Ukrainian Nikolayev, Frii Guinean, Australia Gladstone, Oginishe Irish, isiNtaliyane Portovesme namadolobha Jamaican Kirkvayn futhi Mandeville.

ezimayini bauxite

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ezimayini bauxite Russian okungewakho RUSAL, endaweni Ukhta e Severouralsk, Belogorsk. Busakazekela Kwamanye Amazwe - eGeorgetown Guiana, e Frii nezinye idolobha Guinean - Kindia.

izitshalo ucwecwe esikhiqiza

Dedela ucwecwe Kwenziwa yizinkampani Russian RUSAL, okuyinto zitholakala Sayanogorsk, Dmitrov futhi Mikhailovsky. Kukhona isitshalo enkulu ukwenziwa ucwecwe - yesibili esinamandla kunazo zonke ukuthi bayingxenye 'Russian Aluminium "enhloko-dolobha ye-Armenian, Yerevan.

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpahla Corporation aqukethe izinkampani ezikhiqiza hhayi kuphela, eqinisweni, aluminium, kodwa futhi, ngokukhethekile, Alloys yalo, ucwecwe. I Corporation ungumnikazi izitshalo, ukwakha ephelele uchungechunge zezimboni - kusukela Izigayo izimayini futhi kokuqeda izitshalo ukwenziwa steel. Lesi sici lenhlangano zokukhiqiza ivumela inkampani ukufeza imikhiqizo esezingeni lomhlaba. RUSAL bubaluleke emhlabeni kubangelwe izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukhiye yokukhiqiza izindawo zitholakala eSiberia corporation enikeza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka inkampani ukuze uthole ukufinyelela imithombo yemvelo yesifunda, ngakolunye - kuletha ingqalasizinda yayo enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu aluminium umthengi, China.

amathemba ibhizinisi

Funda ukuthi amathemba ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi, lolwakhela inkampani aluminium Russian. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi Rusal uzama nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa imikhiqizo yayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo ekushintsheni emakethe emhlabeni. Ngakho, ukugcizelela kufanele enzeni ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo nge high value added. RUSAL yakha zokukhiqiza insita Eastern eSiberia zinezikhathi kahle eliphezulu, okuzokwenza zisenza sikwazi ukuletha amakhasimende metal lapho ifunwa kakhulu kwamanye kuyokhula.

RUSAL ungumnikazi izinqolobane enkulukazi of izinto zokusetshenziswa, has ingqalasizinda yayo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe ezingasiza yokwandisa okukhipha futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zawo. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile RUSAL - yakha isisekelo amandla, okuzokwenza ukwandisa ezingeni lokuzimela zokukhiqiza by ugesi lalo. Kulesi isiqondiso inkampani isebenza nge "RusHydro" inkampani kohlaka iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa le Boguchany HPP.

RUSAL ngenkuthalo eba, futhi kwamaZwe, futhi, njengoba kule eduze nakude phesheya. "Russian Aluminium" - ngokuzimisela ukuthuthukiswa emakethe Russian ingxenye abafanele.

Ngu ukwakheka Aluminium Association uqaliwe, okuyinto, ngokusho kongoti, yafeza indima ebalulekile ekunqobeni komnotho ngaso esigabeni samanje yentuthuko umnotho waseRussia kazwelonke. The kungenzeka corporations kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuya amazinga nokuvulwa ingxenye elihambisana komnotho Russian kanye nentuthuko yayo ngempumelelo.