Boguchany HPP: ukwakha umhleli, yocingo, isithombe, izikhukhula zone

Ekupheleni Juni 2016 e-Russia at zigcwele Boguchany HPP kwaba entsha, eyakhelwe eMfuleni Angara, 444 km emlonyeni wayo ezonini ehlathini-ihlathi. Kulesi siteshi amandla iyona 5 th kuleli zwe, futhi maqondana ne imishini yesimanje zibalwa kuqala.

ikheli inkampani

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, base ukwakhiwa ibhange kwesokunxele, inombolo base kuhlanganiswe 1, ukwakha 1 - ikheli esiqondile "Boguchany HPP". Inombolo yocingo lenhlangano: (39143) 7-13-93. Futhi, ulwazi lungatholakala nge e-mail secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru. Inkomba Inkampani: 663.491.

Umlando omncane

Umsebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe le Boguchany Hydropower isitshalo sivunyiwe eMnyango USSR of Energy 1969. Iqiniso liwukuthi, lo kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo esibalulekile kuleli lizwe laqala ngo-1974, abakhi lokuqala esiteshini babe abasebenzi kwenhlangano "Bratskgesstroy". Sithumele ukuba into engaphezulu Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. ukwakhiwa kwalo nje ngalesi sikhathi yaphela ngokuphelele.

Ngokusho amandla iphrojekthi zalesi sihlahla kwakufanele kube 3000 MW, futhi ezingeni ingcindezi kulindeleke ukuba sifinyelele uphawu 208 m. Ukuqedelwa yephrojekthi emifula kwakuhlelwe 1992. Yize kunjalo, isimo ngeshwa nzima ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule ezweni akazange avumele ukuletha amapulani bethu kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsiza ijubane ukwakhiwa esiteshini waqala kancane kancane ukushona, ngo-1994 kwaba cishe eqandisiwe.

Kamuva ubuholi yezwe ayebhekwa wokwakha esiteshini ngezigaba ezimbili (ukuze sinciphise izindleko). Nokho, ukwamukelwa Glavgosekspertizy akasamukelanga. Ukuze uqhubeke ukwakhiwa esiteshini kwaba kuphela ngo-2007 ngo kohlaka ngokubambisana kukahulumeni. Imemorandamu eqinisekisa inhloso ukuze vule Boguchany HPP, esasayinwa inkampani "Rusal" futhi Rao "UES Russia" iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kwalokho. Ekuqaleni esiteshini ekupheleni wayezimisele kwaba 58%. abangu Ababili bokuqala wagqoka emifula Boguchany Hydropower sitshalo 2012

esiteshini Izici

Boguchany HPP, izithombe okuyinto ethulwa ekhasini iyona into a grand ngempela. ukwakhiwa Its kuhlanganisa edamini ezimbili ezinkulu - rockfill (1961.3 m) netintfo longatibona (828.7 m). Ngakho, i-jikelele osenyameni esiteshini phambi ubude 2690 m. Kuzo zombili Amadamu okwamanje umgwaqo ovulekile. Okungukuthi HPP ukhonza njengelungu kunokwethenjelwa futhi ibhuloho yonkana Angara, okuwukuphela endaweni engaba 130 km.

Isiteshi Idamu has ezimbili Spillway. Eyokuqala (elingezansi uhlobo) libhekene namandla 7060 m ³ / s. I Spillway yesibili (ngaphandle) has a ubude m 90 futhi kuqothulwe ekusakazeni odlulayo therethrough.

Powerhouse nge nomklamo walo ejwayelekile insiza enjalo. Itholakala ngemuva esiteshini ingxenye naleli damu. Along ubude besakhiwo ihlukaniswe 9 izigaba, ngalinye elikwazi isethelwe eyodwa mpo wokubacindezela ephethe namandla 333 MW. Rotatable kwamanzi actuated ophephela ugesi 370 MVA. Ziyakwazi amandla kagesi yanikezwa transformers isinyathelo-phansi 500 kV futhi 220 kV. Ukukhishwa esiteshini amandla nge evaliwe uhlobo switchgear, ezincikene nehhovisi nokwakha ukukhiqizwa ngebhange kwesokunxele Angara.

umkhiqizo

Sebebonke umthamo amayunithi ezifana izakhiwo grand njengoba Boguchany HPP, okwamanje simi ku-3,000 MW. Sibathelela Angarskaya isiteshi esisha-20% kagesi Imininingwane idliwe Krasnoyarsk esifundeni. Kuphela ngekota yokuqala ka-2016 HPP wakufaka inani kWh 3,126 bhiliyoni.

Ukuphakama enkulu leli damu ukhonkolo esiteshini 96 m, ngobuningi -. 77 m Ububanzi yokugcina alethwe ezingeni 20 m, nokwakhiwa awo wathatha komyalelo wokungabi kwezigidi ezingu 30,5 cubic metres inhlabathi ³

ukwakhiwa abahlela HPP

Ekuqaleni, isinqumo ukwakhiwa kulesi siteshi kubalulekile emnothweni wezwe sathathwa, njengoba sekushiwo, Ministry USSR wezaMandla. ngokuthi "Boguchangesstroy" waklonyeliswa Nakuba into. It kumiswa "Boguchangesstroy" Ngo-1993, ngesisekelo le nhlangano. Ngo-2002, inkampani yashintsha igama layo. Okwamanje, into obhaliswe njengomsebenzi JSC "Boguchany HPP".

Entwasahlobo ka-2006 phakathi "RusHydro" kanye nezinkampani "Rusal" yasayina isivumelwano ekusetjenzisweni wephrojekthi "Bema", ngaphezu kwaqedwa HPP kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa esimila aluminium Baguchanskogo. Lwabalandeli kokubili izinto kamuva luqhutshwa izinkampani sogu lolwandle. isikimu okunjalo likhethiwe iqembu isinyathelo "Rusal".

Ngokwe- Ikhodi Water le Boguchany HPP impahla kahulumeni. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezizimele baye uxhaso kuphela ukwakhiwa kwalesi into. Zonke izindleko ukulungiswa kwendawo Ugcwalise ngofaka isimo.

Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo ezibalulekile iqhubeke ngaphandle kwezihibe. Against ukwakhiwa esiteshini eMfuleni Angara, ngokukhethekile, wakhuthaza "Greenpeace". Le nkampani kwemvelo owaziwa ungathandi yokuthi ukwakhiwa into enkulu kangaka sengathi Boguchany, kwenziwa ngaphandle ayimpoqo namuhla kule nqubo ye-EIA Russian. Nokho, ukwakhiwa esiteshini ngenxa izimangalo "Greenpeace" engakaze okwesikhashana. Abahleli balo kwaqedwa HPP wachaza ukwenqena ukudlula-EIA inqubo umthetho osebenzayo. Iqiniso lokuthi iphrojekthi emifula ekugcineni evunyiwe phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Kwezinkambiso komthetho yesimanje enquma-EIA, azinamphumela retroactive.

Ezinye ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwakhiwa lesi sakhiwo futhi wabonisa Public Chamber of Russia. Inhlangano, ngokukhethekile, kuye kwaba nemibuzo ephakanyiswayo ngale kulondolozwe ifa zomlando namasiko endaweni yezikhukhula futhi amacala ezibhekwa yokungakhokhi isinxephezelo abalimi kanye ukwehluleka kwezindlu abangenamakhaya.

Yiqiniso, yakhelwe onjiniyela Soviet yephrojekthi esiteshini Kuwukuziphatha okungalungile akusebenzi kakhulu engu-25. Ngakho-ke, umhleli oyinhloko ukwakhiwa kwalesi Boguchany Hydropower isitshalo (noma kunalokho, ukuqhubeka yayo) - Rao "UES Russia" - ngo-2006, wathuma Institute "Hydroproject" ukuziphatha umsebenzi Ukuvuselela yayo.

Ekuqaleni kucatshangwa ukukhulisa izibalo isitshalo umthamo abangafika kwabangu-4000 MW. Nokho, ngenxa some isikhathi sethu ngokuba elisendleleni izidingo uzamcolo ukugeleza ochwepheshe Institute kwadingeka ukuklama inombolo Spillway eyengeziwe 2, okuyinto wayengekho luhlaka lwekucala. Ngenxa yalokho, umthamo sitshalo kwadingeka ukuba sehliselwe 3000 MW futhi.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Kuze kube manje, lo omusha emifula power plant ku Angara inikeza ugesi ngokuphelele esanda sidle Boguchansky aluminium isitshalo, oveza angaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane. Amathani izinsimbi non-ayoni ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiteshini okuhambisa namandla kuze Taishet isitshalo nezinye amabhizinisi amaningi kwezezimboni Lower Angara esifundeni.

Boguchanskaya HPP izikhukhula zone: Indawo

Lemvelo kwendawo kokwakhiwa amandla kagesi ishintshile, ngeshwa, ngempela sina. Ngemva kokuphela esiteshini ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi 1.494 amakhilomitha square komhlaba, kuhlanganise - 296 km² we emazweni umhlabathi, amadlelo hayfields. ukuthengisela Lost nezihlahla kwaba 9,56 mcm ^3. Esinye 10 million ^m3 yehlathi ezahlwitha ngawo-80 leminyaka eledlule, ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa esiteshini.

Okwamanje, ukuphathwa JSC «Boguchany HPP" ophoqelelwe ukuqeda kuhlanganise zonke izinhlobo izinkinga zemvelo eziye sekuvele ngemva nokwakhiwa kwamadamu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezonini izikhukhula phakathi kwezinye kwamanzi waphenduka 96 km ² peatland. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwagcina kuholele ekubeni nokungcoliswa emfuleni. Peat njengendlela material ukukhanya kakhulu nge amaxhaphozi ezithile (endaweni yabo Imininingwane - 13 km ²⁾ baqala umane ziyabuya kwamanzi. Njengoba kuphakanyiswe kwemvelo aqhubeke omubi kuyoba kwenye okungenani iminyaka engu-20. Okwamanje, ukuze ahlanze imisebenzi emfuleni towage futhi sokuhlanganiswa iziqhingi Peat aphethwe ngezikhathi.

kwesigubhu

Area Boguchansky ichibi kuyinto 2326 km ^2. Ingxenye enkulu-ke Itholakala Krasnoyarsk Territory (1961 km ^2). Ubude Boguchansky kwesigubhu - 375 km. Ngakho umthamo yayo egcwele - 58,2 km ³ futhi ewusizo - 2.3 km ^3. Ukugcwalisa kwesigubhu lapho kwakhiwa amandla kagesi senzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Ngo-2012, izinga layo lancipha ezingeni 185 m, futhi ngo-2015-m -. 208 m nephrojekthi Okwamanje Boguchansky kwesigubhu Kwenziwa isiqondiso nsuku zonke emfuleni notshwala futhi zonyaka - flowage lateral. Ekushintshashintsheni ezingeni kolwandle ezenziwe umuntu unyaka wonke musa idlule 1 m.

wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu ezonini uzamcolo

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Boguchany Hydropower sitjalo yokuthi amanzi wathatha imizana 29 nemizana. 25 babo ise Krasnoyarsk esifundeni kanye 4 - e-esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Lesi sivumelwano ngobukhulu igcwele amanzi wesifunda isikhungo Kezhma.

Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange izikhukhula zone zihanjiswe 12173 umuntu. Iningi labantu ezathathwa insimu kwesigubhu esizayo kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Eminyakeni engu-80 kusukela endaweni abantu mayelana 8,000 ayesebuyele. Ngaleso sikhathi abantu banikwa ikhaya elisha ku amadolobha aseduze nasemaphandleni. Ngo 2008-2011. esinye isizwe 4905 eyayisithuthelwe kusuka endaweni enezikhukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, izindlu Sasinikwa emizini. Ngo-2012, isakhiwo esisha sokuhlala wathutha abantu 194, futhi kamuva - ngisho kuka 1,500.

idolobha Kodinsk

Ukulahlekelwa semali umhlabathi olimekayo kanye nesidingo ukushiya indawo owakhiwe ngenjongo izinkulungwane zabantu - okungukuthi nemiphumela nje enjalo futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekwaziweni izikhukhula. Boguchany HPP Nokho, kuze kube manje, inikezwe nje omningi amandla, kubalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke. Kunoma ikuphi, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo ezibalulekile, naphezu ukulahlekelwa bephoqeleka, kwaba kwezomnotho kuthethelelwe.

Yonke enye into e eduze ngokushesha esiteshini, wakha idolobha elikhulu. Yethiwa uvukile phakathi edolobheni ehlathini eneji Kodinsk. ukwakhiwa kwalo ngo-1977. Kuze kube manje, namadlelo ayo empumalanga zitholakala 8 ukusuka odla izindwani Angara kwemfunda.

Ngo-2016 e Kodinsk, ngokusho izibalo, kwakukhona kakade abantu mayelana 16 227. Ngaphezu izakhamuzi emifula nethuba ukusebenza ngesikhathi wendawo ukhuni ukucutshungulwa amabhizinisi, in the "Alliance U" LLC, le ubambisane "Biwa" kanye nasegatsheni LLC "laseSiberia Doz +". Idolobhana has zokubukela amabhayisikobho, izikole, izinkulisa, izitolo eziningi specialisation ahlukahlukene.

izinto Archaeological yomlando

Ngaphambi kumiswa Boguchansky kwesigubhu izikhukhula endaweni sezenziwe kuhlanganise ekumbeni emikhulu. Ososayensi wafunda 40 eziyinkulungwane. Km ² komhlaba, futhi ochazwe ezingaphezu kuka-130 zemivubukulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezinhlolovo ethnographic yayiqhutshelwa. Ngenxa yalokho zone uzamcolo baye bahlupheka izinto eziningana ezibalulekile bokwakha lokhuni.

Lapho Boguchany amandla kagesi esiteshini elise?

Kusukela lesi sitshalo Hydropower e kwase-Angarsk wendlale futhi yayo esigabeni sesine aphansi. Ngaphandle Ust-Elias esiteshini umfula we Boguchany nazo eBratsk futhi Irkutsk. Lesi simila Hydropower itholakala Kodinsk emfuleni esiteshini. Kuleli qophelo ephambana Angar elikhulu rock Massif ka ordovika namadwala sedimentary iCambrian. Ezingeni kwesigubhu obubanzi ingeminye 2-3 km. Rocks kule ndawo afaneleke embhedeni liseduze kakhulu. On ibhange sobunxele kukhona masimu ezincane. Ngempela iwummango kakhulu futhi azimele. Ukuze isibhamu on ngokwayo (ezansi) Angar enwetshiwe abafika kwabangu-10 km.

Umthelela on emvelweni esifundeni

Njenganoma iyiphi enye izitshalo Hydropower, Boguchany zinomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. I-ecosystem kwendawo emva ukwakhiwa esiteshini uye washintsha abalulekile. Ngisho ehlathini emfuleni landscape eyaba khona lapha amakhulu eminyaka, ikakhulukazi elivulela echibini. Lokhu, eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani rheophilous (uthanda amanzi okusheshayo) zilwane izinhlanzi. Nokho, kulesi simo, ngenhlanhla, selukhulile ukuze labantu limnophilic (echibini).

Ikhwalithi yamanzi kwesigubhu kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngumuntu ubumsulwa ezonini uzamcolo engaphezulu Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. Lesi simo kungenxa ongaphakeme inflow Angara kule ndawo. Kwalezi ziqinisekiso zemvelo, abolile ezansi ugodo kwesigubhu kanye Turf-pop-up, yebo, ku-izinga nethonya amanzi. Nokho, ngenxa yanoma yisiphi Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo kuleli cala, bathi, yebo, akudingekile.

Ngo 6-8 km ukuzungeza kwesigubhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto ishintshile kancane kanye sezulu. A semali amanzi "ubamba" sezulu. Summer eduze into kwaba kuthe ukuphola kancane, futhi ekwindla - ukufudumala. Ngenxa ukudedelwa kwamanzi emfuleni ngezansi HPS uvele kwindlela eside okokuqandisa. Umphumela main negative zalesi simo bekulokhu ukwanda sezinsuku nenkungu endaweni phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ezifudumele.