Ukwakheka zamalahle ukukhiqizwa yayo esikhathini sethu

Isihloko liyakhuluma ngokuphela kumiswa zamalahle, lapho izindawo isetshenziswa eyenziwe ngakho, kanye nendlela lapho ekhishwe namaminerali.

ekuqaleni

Isintu emimoya umlilo endulo, futhi waqaphela ngokushesha usizo walo. Umlilo ivikela hhayi kuphela ngokumelene nezilwane amakhaza zasendle, kungaba ukupheka ukudla ezingase bona ukuhlafuna izingane nasebekhulile, sina anda sokusinda wonke labantu. Kuwo wonke umlando komlilo kwaba ihlupha yomuntu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII ne ukuthuthukiswa imboni lokuqala kwakudingekile uhlobo olusha fuel, ngalokho-ke baba amalahle. is the kanjani ukwakheka zamalahle, lapho isetshenziswa futhi yiziphi izici zayo? Kulesi siyowuqonda.

Ifa prehistory

Ngokwe-definition encyclopedic, amalahle - kuba izinsalela izitshalo lasendulo nezingxenye zazo, zingabantu ekujuleni Umhlaba ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ngaphandle oksijini yaphenduka lolu hlobo kuyasiza zikaphethiloli manje esetshenziswa ngumhlaba wonke.

The main amalahle kumiswa isikhathi izibalo abanye ososayensi wayeseke iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Khona-ke iningi ezweni laligcwele emaxhaphozini futhi ese obukhulu. Ngo emaxhaphozini lapho izitshalo abolile nokufa iphutha ngokushesha eqoqwe ezingqimbeni zokugcina, okuyinto emanzini deoxygenated siguqulelwa Peat. Khona-ke, emva kwesikhashana ucindezelwa abanye isitshalo izingqimba organic Peat kancane kancane ilahlekelwa uketshezi amagesi ekugcineni ibe amalahle.

imfundo Okubanzi amalahle phezu ezizathwini of ososayensi ngokushesha bayeka ngenxa isikhunta ezibangele okuthiwa bola emhlophe. Le nqubo uvinjelwe ukuguquka Peat esimweni itshe lakhe esilandelayo.

Uma udinga ukuthola ke yokucindezela nokujula okukhulu, kungani kukhona okukhiphayo kwangaphandle wezinsalela zamandulo? Into wukuthi le minyaka kwezigidi ezingu-400 ungqimba lomhlaba uye washintsha eziningi, futhi ngenxa ukunyakaza kwakhe, abanye ezifakwa ayethuthela ebusweni noma, kunalokho, kuyinto nakakhulu. Futhi by the way, cishe kunoma iyiphi isikole noma wendawo nomlando Museum, ungathola izingcezu flat amalahle, okuyinto ngokucacile imprints ebonakalayo izitshalo komlando, ikakhulukazi Izinhlobo.

Izinto ezingokwemvelo: zamalahle indima yalo kuleli umkhakha Russian

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu XVIII uMbuso Russian lolu hlobo uphethiloli yasetshenziselwa ndawo. Nokho, ngisho uPeter Omkhulu e 1696, lapho ebuya umkhankaso Azov, ukuhlola Amathemba zokubasa amaminerali futhi wabikezela angasetshenziswa futhi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi inzalo.

Futhi kusukela 1722 kuba uPetru efanayo Elikhulu isiyalele nezimboni kanye izazi zokuma komhlaba uqale nokupeqululwa we wezinsalela zamandulo. Futhi yathela izithelo: ezifakwa ziye zatholakala e-eziningi izindawo.

Kodwa kabanzi sayo esamukelwa kuphela ikota yokuqala namaminerali XIX. Amalahle is esenikezwa yisisusa esinamandla embonini. Phela, kancane, ngempumelelo futhi kuqhathaniswa okulula ukukhiqizwa uphethiloli idlula ukungasebenzi ngendlela noma nezinye izinhlobo esihlahleni.

Ibaluleke ngani?

Coal - material ezivuthayo okuyinto, sibonga izinqolobane zalo ezinkulu wenze izinguquko kwezezimboni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX ngosizo yaqala ngezinga elikhulu ukukhiqiza cast iron, shisisa emizini yabo, kwaba umthombo wamandla ngoba imikhumbi futhi bonke ubuchwepheshe umusi. Ngokungafani uwoyela noma igesi, ukukhiqizwa yayo silula futhi yingozi kancane. Ngemva ephakamisa we ekujuleni komhlaba futhi uphenya, kuba ngokushesha isilungele omlilo ngaphandle ukucutshungulwa ezengeziwe. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala. Nge kwakhiwa indlela amalahle, siyaqonda, kodwa lapho kusasetshenziswa, ngaphezu isithando, futhi lokho he khiqiza?

isicelo

Ngenxa amalahle futhi wenze graphite yokufakelwa elisetshenziswa amapensela, chemistry noma njengoba izingxenye for izinjini kagesi. Phakathi ubuchwepheshe Okwesibili kweMpi Yezwe German ukhiqiza kuwo uphethiloli. Kunalokho, amafutha kuqala bese kamuva elicwengisiswe nophethiloli. Kanjalo amalahle kungenziwa gasified. Nokho, le nqubo kuyabiza futhi kabanzi. Futhi, njengoba co-kwento isizinda yalo ayabuya vanadium, gallium, zinc, okuhola molybdenum.

Ngakho esiphethweni kanjani ekhiqizwa zamalahle yini ukubaluleka kwayo.

ingozi

Ngaphezu sezindawo ezinhle, isizinda kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kufaka inani izingozi ezingathí sina. Lena ukungcola eqinile. I amandla omlilo of amalahle amakhilogramu etholwe 2.93 khilogremu carbon dioxide okuyinto kancane kancane futhi kancane, kodwa futhi kwandisa Isivuvu emhlabeni.

Ingozi yesibili - kungcono nomthelela empilweni abavukuzi. Ekubulaleni wokuqukethwe lelisetulu amalahle uthuli, ukuzivikela ngokumelene nalo, abantu babe ukusebenzisa buso ukuthi vimbela ukuphefumula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, exchange igesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, fuel iqukethe eziningi ingozi kakhulu abahlala nezidalwa izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi mercury nomthofu.

Ngakho manje ukuthi siyazi mayelana nale nqubo, njengoba kumiswa amalahle. Minerals ngokososayensi, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ke kuzophela, futhi kuba isizathu esizwakalayo sokucabanga mayelana ashintshele imithombo ukunikezela.