Amabhizinisi amakhulu aseRussia. Amabhizinisi asezimboni eRussia

Imboni iyisici esibalulekile sezomnotho wezwe. Indima yayo ehamba phambili inqunywa ukuthi ihlinzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomnotho izinto ezintsha, amathuluzi. Phakathi kwezinye izimboni, kubelwe imisebenzi yesifunda neyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokufushane mayelana nomkhakha waseRussia

Kuze kube manje, inani lamabhizinisi aseRussia lisondela kumakhilomitha angu-460, lihlinzeka imisebenzi yabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-15, umthamo wemikhiqizo yabo udlule uphawu lwe-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-21. Imboni yezwe lakithi ibhekene nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukene futhi esibonakalayo ekhombisa izinguquko ekuthuthukiseni amandla okukhiqiza, ekuthuthukisweni kwesigaba somsebenzi. Ihlobene ngokuqondile nentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Izinkampani zanamuhla zezimboni eRussia zibhekwa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lochwepheshe. Ngenxa yokujula kokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, amagatsha ahlukahlukene, imikhakha emincane kanye nezinhlobo zokukhiqiza kwavela. Ngokugcwele kwabo benza isakhiwo semboni. Esikhathini samanje sigaba sokusebenza, izimboni ezihlanganisiwe eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zihlonziwe, ezifana negesi, ufulawa, u-ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, ukwakha izensimbi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini, i-petrochemical kanye namakhemikhali, i-pulp kanye nephepha, izingodo, izinkuni, ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo elula. Lesi sigaba sinqunywe yizici eziningi zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, okuyinhloko yazo: ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, izinga lokuthuthukiswa, izimo zomphakathi nezomlando, izinsiza zemvelo , amakhono okukhiqiza abantu bendawo.

Imkhakha ihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• I-Extractive . Lokhu kubandakanya izimboni ezihlobene hhayi kuphela ekufakweni kwamaminerali, kodwa futhi nokucebisa kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi ukudoba izilwane zasolwandle, izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle.
• Iyacubungula . Lezi zihlanganisa amabhizinisi aseRashiya asezimboni abhekene nokucubungula imikhiqizo yemboni yokucasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi ukucubungula kwehlathi kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo. Le mboni yakha isisekelo sayo yonke imboni esindayo yezwe.

Amabhizinisi amakhulu kakhulu eRussia. I-OAO Gazprom

Cabanga ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezweni lethu. Lapho kuhlanganiswa lolu hlu, izimpahla zabo, izimali kanye nezinzuzo zithathwe njenge-akhawunti. Ngokuyinhloko, uhlu lwezimpi ezinkulu lithinta amabhizinisi amakhemikhali waseRussia, noma kunalokho, elinye lamagatsha alokhu kukhiqizwa kwamafutha. Kodwa mayelana nakho konke okuhlelekile.

Ngakho-ke, umholi ongenakuphikwa ngu-OAO Gazprom. Inkampani yegesi yaseRussia yasungulwa ngo-1989. Usebenza embonini yokusabalalisa igesi negesi. "I-Gazprom" ithatha indawo eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye emhlabeni ngokusho kwezimpahla zayo, futhi ngenzuzo isendaweni engu-24 ohlwini lwezinkampani zomhlaba. Isistimu yokudlulisa igesi yebhizinisi yikhilomitha eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-160 futhi iyona ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Amaphesenti angu-51 amasheya enkampanini angaphansi kombuso. Inani lemakethe likaGazprom lidlula amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-156 zamaRandi, inzuzo yalo ingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150, kanti izimpahla zilinganiselwa ku-303 billion zamaRandi. Lebhizinisi linikeza imisebenzi yabantu abangaphezu kwezingkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane.

OAO "Lukoil"

Uma sicabanga ngamabhizinisi amakhulu aseRussia, akunakwenzeka ukuba singakhulumi ngalenkampani. Kuthatha indawo yesibili ekulinganisweni kwethu. Lebhizinisi lakhiwa ngo-1991. Umsebenzi oyinhloko weNkampani ukuhlola, ukukhipha, ukucubungula nokuthengisa amafutha negesi yemvelo. Kuze kube ngu-2007, kwakuyinkampani enkulu kakhulu ekufakweni kwegolide elimnyama, ngokwemali engenayo, kuthatha indawo yesibili emva kweGazprom. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2011, uLukoil wayebhekwa njengenkampani yesithathu ekulinganisweni komhlaba kwamabhizinisi ezizimele ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-hydrocarbon, kanye namafutha okugcina amafutha omhlaba. Ngakho, inani layo lemakethe lingaphezu kwama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-55; Amafa - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-90.6; Inzuzo - amadola ayizigidi ezingu-105; Imali yonyaka ka $ 111.4 billion; Inzuzo - 10.4 billion dollar. Lebhizinisi linikeza imisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kwekhulu namashumi amahlanu.

OAO Rosneft

Le nkampani iphinde ifakwe ohlwini lwamabhizinisi aseRussia amafa angakwazi ukuncintisana namaqhawe omhlaba. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1993. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha kanye negesi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-petroleum kanye nemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi inkampani idlule umqhudelwano kaLukoil ngokukhiqizwa kwamafutha kusukela ngo-2007, ngenxa yokuthengwa kwezimpahla ze-YUKOS. Izindleko zaleli bhizinisi zingama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-80; Inzuzo - amadola ayizigidi ezingu-63; Imali engenayo - cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-60; Amafa - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-106; Inzuzo ifinyelela ku-11.3 billion dollar. Inkampani "Rosneft" inikeza imisebenzi kubantu abangaba ngu-170 000.

I-OJSC Sberbank yaseRussia

Le nhlangano iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi amakhulu kahulumeni waseRussia asebenze kuphela ezimbonini ezithakazelisayo, okwesine ekulinganisweni kwethu kubanjwe inkampani yezezimali. I-OJSC iyisakhiwo sebhange jikelele, njengoba inikeza izinsiza eziningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2009, isabelo saso emakethe yaseRussia ebeka imali emakethe yayingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50, kanti iphothifoliyo yemalimboleko yayibalwa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu ezibolekiwe ezikhishwe kulo lonke izwe. Inani lemakethe yeSberbank liyizigidi ezingama-75 zamaRandi; Isabelo samafa - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-282.4; Inzuzo - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-31.8. Le nkampani inikeza imisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kuka-240 abayizinkulungwane.

Ukugcinwa kwe-OJSC TNK-BP

Lebhizinisi lahlelwe maduzane - ngo-2003. Ukuzikhethela kwakhe ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha nokucubungula. Isisekelo sokudalwa kwayo kwakuyi-TNCs neBritish BP. Inani lemakethe ye-hold is 51.6 billion dollar; Imali engenayo - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-60.2; Inzuzo ifika kuma-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-9. Ibhizinisi linikeza imisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kuka-50 000.

OJSC Surgutneftegas

Amabhizinisi amakhulu aseRussia agcwalisa "ipompo lamafutha" alandelayo, wathatha indawo yesithupha ekulinganisweni kwethu. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1990 futhi ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amafutha namafutha kuleli zwe. Ibhizinisi libhaliswe ku-Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, edolobheni lase-Surgut, futhi ikomkhulu lawo likhona lapho. Izindleko ezilinganiselwayo ziyizigidi ezingama-40 zamaRandi; Amafa - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-46.6; Imali engenayo - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-20.3; Inzuzo - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4.3. "Surgutneftegaz" inikeza imisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kuka-110 000.

I-JSC VTB Bank

Inhlangano elandelayo yezezimali iphetha uhlu lwethu. Ukuqala komsebenzi walo ngo-1990, ngaphambi kokuba leyo nkampani ibizwe ngokuthi "iVneshtorgbank". Le nhlangano yezohwebo yakwazi ukudlula ubungako bendlunkulu egunyaziwe ye "Sberbank yaseRussia", futhi ngokwezimpahla zithatha indawo yesibili eqinile. Ihhovisi eliyinhloko lenkampani liseMoscow, kodwa indawo yokubhalisa iyinhloko yamasiko eRussia - eSt. Petersburg. Inani lemakethe yenkampani lilinganiselwa ku-26.4 billion dollar; Imali eyinhloko - amadola ayizigidi ezingu-197; Amafa - amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-139.3; Imali engenayo - amadola ayizigidi ezingu-12,6. Lebhizinisi linikeza imisebenzi yabantu abangaba ngu-70 000.

Njengoba ungabona, izinkampanini zamafutha kanye negesi kuphela nezinhlangano zezezimali zangena esilinganisweni. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi amakhulu aseRussia awanqunyelwe kuphela emkhakheni wezimayini, makungabi nampahla amaningi kanye nezinzuzo ezinjalo zesikhala, kodwa futhi banento yokuziqhayisa. Isibonelo, abanye babo baze bangena kuGuinness Book of Records. Nokho, okuningi ngalokhu kamuva.

Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza aseRussia. «Izhora Plant»

Le nkampani ayikwazi ukukwazi ukuncintisana nabaholi bokulinganisa kwethu, nakuba kuyaziwa futhi kuhlonishwa emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sitshalo singenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okukwazi ukukhiqiza noma iyiphi imininingwane. Futhi ezinye zazo azikhiqizwa kwenye indawo. Lebhizinisi linge-sub-sector esakhiweni somshini omkhulu. Itholakala eKolpino (eSt. Petersburg). I-nomenclature yalesi sitshalo ihlanganisa izimboni ezinamandla, ukugubha kanye nemishini yamandla, ishidi nemikhiqizo emide nokunye okuningi. Inkampani e-Kolpino yilabo kuphela abakhiqizi bezakhi zamandla enyukliya eRussia Federation.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Amabhizinisi okuvikela aseRussia afaka izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-1200 zamaphrofayela ahlukahlukene. Abaningi babo baziwa kabanzi, futhi imikhiqizo abayithengayo kaningi ayinalo okufanayo emhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, kulesi sihloko, sibheka amabhizinisi ngokubheka ubukhulu bawo, kulokhu kuxhumana, kufanele sigxile ku "Uralvagonzavod." Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, yayifakwe kuGuinness Book of Records futhi ibhekwa njengamabhizinisi amakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, indawo yayo ingamamitha ayizi-827 000 square. Itholakala esifundeni saseSverdlovsk, edolobheni laseNizhny Tagil. Eqinisweni, yinkampani yokucwaninga nokukhiqiza esebenzayo kokubili ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zemishini yempi, imishini yokwakha imigwaqo, izimoto zesitimela. Le nhlangano ihlanganisa amabhizinisi okukhiqiza, i-design design kanye nezikhungo zokucwaninga. Uhulumeni unayo yonke amasheya alo mbhizinisi.

Ekuphethweni

Naphezu kwezinkinga zomnotho emhlabeni ezingaphazamiseki, iRussia iyaqhubeka ibe yimbuso yezwe yezimboni. Iningi lwakamuva (ngesilinganiso esingokomlando), izwe lethu liye lashintsha ngendlela ephawulekayo inkambo yalo yentuthuko, futhi namuhla akekho ozohlambalaza abaseRussia ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesifiso sokusebenza, ukwakha ikusasa labo kakade ezimweni zezinto ezibonakalayo. Vumela abaphikisayo bathi ingxenye yokukhiqiza kwezezimboni eRussia iyancipha futhi izimboni kuphela zihlala zifunwa, ukuthi cishe zonke izinto ezibonakalayo zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Yiqiniso, kukhona iqiniso kulezi zwi, kodwa kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi, njengasendle, onamandla kunawo wonke asinda lapha. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinkampani zokwakha nezamabhizinisi zaseRussia zithuthuka ngokushesha ekubhekisweni kwemishini yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokulungiswa kwezitshalo ukusebenza emazingeni amasha nobuchwepheshe. Manje isilinganiso senziwe ngokuvota kwezomnotho okulinganiselwe ngezinga elincane labasebenzi. Lokhu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa imishini ephezulu ye-tech kanye nokwanda kwenani le-automation yenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Lo mkhuba uye wabangela ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule inani lezitshalo likhule kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kube lula ukuqondisa kule nkampani yezinkampani, kunomhlahlandlela oye wakhiwa, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola ukuthi zingaki amabhizinisi aseRussia, imininingwane yabo yokuxhumana, lokho okukhiqizayo kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi ezosiza osomabhizinisi nabantu abavamile. Lo mbono waqalwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lweprojekthi "Yonke Imisebenzi YaseRussia".