Kubantukazana Frenk Baum: Biography, lokusungula. Izincwadi mayelana Oz

Ngubani akazi lenani intombazane Ellie Volkova, esahlanganisa Oz? Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi empeleni umsebenzi Volkova - nje khulula asemaHubeni incwadi The Wizard Wonderful of Oz, eyabhalwa kubantukazana Frenk Baum. Ngaphezu kwalokhu tale Baum Oz yonke enikelwe imisebenzi nantathu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngepeni waphuma, nezinye ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo inganekwane.

Lyman Frank Baum: Biography minyaka yokuqala

UFrank azalwe ngoMeyi 1856 e umndeni Cooper Chittenango edolobheni elincane American. Ngenxa yezinkinga enhliziyweni ingane odokotela wabikezela ukuphila yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane - 3-4 iminyaka, kodwa, ukuze wonke umuntu Emangele, lo mfana wasinda zonke abafowabo nodadewabo.

Ngemva nje kokuzalwa Frank, uyise benza izizumbulu zemali futhi wakwazi ukunikeza izingane zabo kanye izimo best for esakhula. Baum wakhula badlula njengomkhaya epulazini lakubo, lapho othisha yangasese abathintekayo naye.

Ngokuhamba ukwazi izincwadi, ngokushesha Baum ukufunda yonke umtapo omkhulu kayise, okwaholela ukuqhosha. abalobi Baum eziyizintandokazi babe Dickens futhi Thackeray.

Ngo-1868, lo mfana ngathunyelwa esikoleni sobusosha e Peekskill. Nokho, ngokushesha Frank athonya abazali ukuthatha kuye ekhaya.

Enye indoda Uthole isipho kusukela lokuzalwa miniature wokunyathelisa kayise, okuhloswe ukwenziwa amaphephandaba. Ndawonye nomfowabo baqala kukhishwa iphephandaba umndeni. Ikhaya Baum iphephandaba eshicilelwe ilandisa ekuphileni komkhaya, kodwa futhi indaba yokuqala, eyabhalwa Frank esemusha akagcinanga.

Nge nesikhombisa umbhali sina uyakuthanda philately futhi wazama ukushicilela umagazini ayo anikezelwe lesi sihloko. Kamuva, wasebenza njengoba umqondisi esitolo sezincwadi. Ukulandela wokuzilibazisa yakhe waba ezifanelekayo ukufuya lozalo yenkukhu. Baum ngisho abazinikezele incwadi ngalesi sihloko - yanyatheliswa njengoba nje le nsizwa engamashumi amabili. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yena wasiyeka izikhukhukazi futhi waba nesithakazelo yaseshashalazini.

ukuphila Siqu Baum

Pokolesil isikhathi esithile nge nkundla abajikelezayo, abantu Frenk Baum e engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, ngahlangana Maud enhle, futhi ngemva konyaka bashada. Abazali Frank othandekayo kwakungekhona at inhliziyo Ungadliwa-umthetho, kodwa ingcebo kayise Wabayisa imvume emshadweni bonke eningabafumana.

UFrank Maud baba namanye amadodana amane, kubani Baum wayemthanda futhi yayivame yezinganekwane ngesikhathi sokulala siqu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waqala ukuze ukubhale phansi, futhi ngokushesha ishicilelwe - ngakho waqala i-career etemibhalo Baum.

Kuphumelele ngokubhala umsebenzi

Ngemva impumelelo ncwadi izingane wokuqala e kweminyaka embalwa, Baum wabhala enye inkondlo elama le, "Baba Goose:. Incwadi yakhe" Nokho, ukubukela indlela yokutshala izingane zakhe siqu, waqaphela ukuthi kwakudingekile ukubhala inganekwane izingane ezindala abangakaze abanesifiso sokufunda mayelana adventures goose ku barnyard. Yavela kanjalo-ke umbono ukubhala ngentombazane uDorothy kwenzeka eba Fairyland of Oz.

Ngo-1900, ukukhanya weza aseqala indaba uchungechunge Oz. Lo msebenzi ngokushesha kwaduma, futhi amashumi ezinkulungwane ezingane sebeye babalwa adventures okuthakazelisayo sikaDorothy. Ngemva impumelelo umbhali likhiphe indaba mayelana Santa Claus, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili - ukuqhubeka yayo. Nokho, abafundi Sonke kulindeleke ukuba incwadi entsha ethi izwe fabulous, futhi ngo-1904 kwafika ukukhanyisa enye inganekwane series "Oz."

Kule minyaka yamuva, Baum

Ukuzama ungasuki isihloko eZweni Oz, Baum wabhala ezinye izindaba, kodwa abafundi akuzona ngakho nesithakazelo. Kamuva, umbhali kwi ngokubhala izincwadi ngezwe imilingo. Ubude Baum anikezelwe izincwadi zakhe eziyishumi nane, ezimbili zokugcina zazo zanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, owashona ngo-1919 esuka nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umjikelezo we Oz yayidumile kangangokuthi ngisho ngemva kokufa kumdlali, abanye abalobi waqala ukusakaza eziningi kokuqhubeka. Yiqiniso, ziphansi kwasekuqaleni.

Amazwibela "The Wizard Wonderful of Oz"

Heroine eyinhloko izingxenye ethandwa kakhulu wokuqala futhi iningi lonke umjikelezo zezincwadi kwaba Sirota Doroti (Izimpisi uqambe kabusha ke le umhubhe). Encwadini yokuqala intombazane nge inja ethembekile Toto ukuba Oz kuthatha isiphepho esinamandla. Ukuzama ukuba abuyele ekhaya, zishukunyiswa uDorothy Good Witch eya Emerald City kuya Ozu elibusayo ke. Endleleni, le ntombazanyana kwenza abangane ne Scarecrow, le Tin Woodman kanye ngobugwala Lion. Bonke udinga okuthile bili, futhi uthembisa ukuthi ukufeza izicelo zabo, uma abangane ukulondoloza izwe kusukela uyathakatha okubi. Ukuba unqobe izinkinga eziningi, umlingisi ngamunye uthola lokho abakufunayo.

Uzungu kule noveli "Izwe Elihle Kakhulu of Oz"

Encwadini yesibili, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyinceku okubi uyathakatha Mombi hlobo. Ngelinye ilanga umfana ubalekela yakhe, wathatha esandleni sakhe powder umlingo owenzelwa ukuvimba uphefumule ukuphila ku-ngisho nezinto ezingaphili. Uma they finyelela Emerald City, kuyasiza yokuphunyuka Scarecrow kusukela lapho, njengokuthi edolobheni ethunjwa ibutho amantombazane nenkani spoked eholwa Ginger. Ngokubambisana bacela usizo kusukela Tin Man futhi Glinda (the Witch Good). It kuvela ukuthi badinga ukuthola umbusi womuzi kweqiniso - wanyamalala Princess Ozma. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi, kubonakala sengathi i-uhlobo Ozma, abathakathi uloyiwe Mombi. Ukubuyela ubuso kweqiniso, abangane inkosazana futhi uphinde uthole amandla.

Esiqintini "Ozma of Oz", "noDorothy Wizard in Oz", "Indlela Eya Oz" futhi "Emerald eMzini Oz"

Girl uDorothy liphinde likhulume ngoBharuki Incwadi yesithathu. Lapha kuba, kanye inkukhu Billina ungaphakathi Oz. Girl ngokwesaba okukhulu ifunda umlando odabukisayo asebukhosini, Yves. Ukuzama ukubasiza, yacishe ilahlekelwa kwekhanda lakhe. Nokho, njengoba sengike ujwayelana ne Princess Ozma (basisize asebukhosini e iviyo Scarecrow futhi Tin Woodman), uDorothy kungenzeka ukuba ususe isiqalekiso umndeni kanye ive beze ekhaya.

Encwadini wesine komhlaba uDorothy nomzala Jeb yakhe ihhashi bagongobaliswe noJim ufika ezweni imilingo ingilazi emadolobheni. Lapha behlangabezana umlumbi Oz futhi kitten Eureka. Ukuze uphume kule ayilona izwe friendly, amaqhawe kudingeke siyeke omningi. Waphetha uhambo emuva Oz lapho intombazanyana ukuba abangane ezimnandi zakudala ukuthi amsize nabangane ukuba abuyele ekhaya.

Encwadini yesihlanu ochungechungeni lwekutalwa iPrincess Ozma sika, okuyinto yena kakhulu wayefuna ukubona uDorothy. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yena uye udidekile yonke imigwaqo, futhi le ntombazane, okubonisa umalalepayipini ngomgwaqo Shaggy, walahlekelwa kakhulu futhi ngemva Ukuzula eziningi ezamehlela wafika Oz ukuze Ozma.

Indaba lesithandathu "Oz" uchungechunge ngenxa yezinkinga ku umndeni epulazini kaDorothy bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile in Oz. Nokho, phezu Emerald City isondela inkinga - ezama ukuthumba inkosi okubi owakha ethile ngomshoshaphansi.

Zonke ezinye indaba Oz Baum

Baum okuhloswe ukuqedela amaqhawe "Emerald eMzini Oz." Wabe esezama ukubhala zamaqhawe namanye amaqhawe. Kodwa abafundi abasha ufuna ukuqhubeka ukuzidela izinhlamvu ozithandayo. Ekugcineni, ngesikhathi ekufuna wembhali nabashicileli Baum baqhubeka umjikelezo. Eminyakeni eyalandela, wanyathelisa amanoveli eziyisithupha: "Ukuchibiyela Girl of Oz", "Tik-Tok of Oz", "I Scarecrow of Oz", "Rinkitink of Oz", "The Lost Princess of Oz", "The Tin Woodman wezwe Oz. " Ngemva kokufa umbhali, kanye naye ishicilelwe imibhalo yesandla amanoveli ezimbili umkhathi Oz: ". Glinda of Oz" "The Magic of Oz" futhi

izincwadi kwakamuva kakhulu wayezizwa ekhathele ungumbhali waleli sihloko, kodwa abafundi abasha abavela emhlabeni wonke embuza entsha inganekwane futhi umbhali babengeke benqabe kubo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla ezinye izingane babhalele umbhali, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kubantukazana Frenk Baum wafa kudala.

Izincwadi mayelana Santa Claus

Nakuba udumo emhlabeni wonke igama Baum kwakubangelwa Saga never-ophela of iZwe Oz, wabhala nezinye izindaba. Ngakho, ngemva impumelelo The Wizard Wonderful of Oz umbhali waqamba ezinhle Christmas indaba emangalisayo "Ukuphila Adventures of Santa Claus." Kuyo, wakhuluma isiphetho oziphethe kahle, wakhulela nanjengengonyamakazi kanye Nymph Nekil, mayelana waba kanjani futhi kungani Santa Claus futhi kanjani ukungafi.

Lokhu inganekwane futhi mnandi kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngokusobala, abaningi Baum indaba mayelana Santa Claus kwaba eduze kuka Oz, futhi kungakabiphi wayeseya kukhululwa incwadi ethi "Ngathunjwa Santa Claus." Kuyo, ekhuluma izitha main Claus nemizamo yabo ukuphazamisa Christmas. Kamuva, indaba yale ncwadi Sekukaningi esetshenziselwa amabhayisikobho amaningi.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe kunalokho eside wabhala izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili kweshumi kubantukazana Frenk Baum. Lezi zincwadi ziye ehlukile ngumphakathi. The tale ethandwa kakhulu kulethwa kuye. Futhi nakuba umbhali wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze nokubhala nangezinye izihloko, futhi ngempela ngempumelelo, abafundi bakhe, uyohlale abe umlobi wezenzakalo inkantolo Oz.