Umhlangano ochaza amalungelo nezibopho zengane: izihlinzeko eziyinhloko

Umbuzo wesidingo sokubhalisa amalungelo nemisebenzi yengane uye wavela maduzane. Inhlangano kuphela ekhulwini lama-20 yaqaphela ukubaluleka kokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi bezingane, ubugqila bezingane , ubufebe bezingane kanye nokuhweba izingane. Ekugcineni, ngo-1924, kwaziswa umqulu owawugcwele ngokugcwele izinkinga ezikhona. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, amalungelo nemisebenzi yengane babhekwa njengombono jikelele.

Umsebenzi owenziwe

Ngo-1924, i-League of Nations yamukela isimemezelo mayelana nezinkinga "zezingane".

Ngo-1946, isisekelo se-UNICEF sisungulwa, ngokusekelwe endleleni yokusiza izingane emhlabeni wonke.

Ngo-1959 kwabekwa uphawu lokumiswa kweSimemezelo samaLungelo wezingane, okwakubonisa amalungelo nemisebenzi eyisisekelo yomntwana weliphi izwe.

Kodwa-ke, lesi simemezelo asizange sichaze izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvikela amalungelo ezingane zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kwadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe idokhumenti entsha - iSivumelwano Emalungelo Ezingane. NgoNovemba 20, ngo-1989, i-UN yamamukela.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo

Amalungelo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yengane iphakama masinyane emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwayo kuyenzeka kuphela njengoba ekhula. Unyaka ngamunye ikhono lomntwana lokusebenzisa amalungelo akhe futhi lifeze imisebenzi yakhe likhula. Futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-18 uba yilunga elikwazi kahle lomphakathi. Ngabe yikuphi ubudala futhi yini ingane okufanele ikwazi ukuyenza nokuthi yimuphi umthwalo wemfanelo ongayithwala?

Kusukela ekuzalweni, ingane ihamba kahle: ukuba yisakhamuzi, egameni lomndeni, igama lokuqala negama lomuntu siqu, emndenini, ukwazi abazali bazo, ukukhulisa, ukunakekelwa nokuvikela amalungelo afanelekile kanye nezintshisekelo zabazali (lapho kungekho mthwalo wemfanelo yabazali babo ekukhuliseni izingane eziphathisiwe Abantu abafaka endaweni yabo), ukuze bathuthukiswe ngokugcwele, ngenhlonipho, ngokuveza umbono womuntu ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziphathelene nezithakazelo zakhe, ukucela iziphathimandla zokugcinwa.

Ngonyaka nengxenye umntwana unelungelo lokuvakashela i-nursery, futhi eminyakeni emithathu - i-enkulisa.

Eminyakeni eyisithupha isakhamizi sinelungelo lokuya esikoleni, ukwenza izinto ezincane ezingeni lomkhaya, futhi kuvumelana nokulahla imali yomuntu siqu nabazali bakhe. Imisebenzi yomnakekeli kufanele ibeke esikhundleni sabazali ngokugcwele lapho kungekho khona umgcini.

Lapho uneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, ingane ingakwazi ukujoyina izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle zezingane.

Uneminyaka eyishumi ubudala unamalungelo alandelayo:

• Ngokombono wabo ekuxazululeni noma yiziphi izinkinga emndenini;

• Ukuvunyelwa ukushintsha igama labo noma igama, nokuthola noma ukubuyisela amalungelo omzali wabazali babo;

• Nquma ukuthi yikuphi kubazali ofuna ukuhlala ngemva kokuhlukanisa, uma behlukana;

• Ukufakaza kunoma yimuphi umhlangano wenkantolo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ubudala ingane isivele ibhekene nokuphula imithetho yomphakathi futhi ingafakwa esikhungweni esikhethekile sokufunda kabusha.

Umuntu oneminyaka engu-14 angazimela ngokuzimela imali yakhe eyothola, unelungelo lokushintsha isakhamuzi, aye enkantolo, ngemvume yabazali ukwenza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthengiselana, kanye nokwenza imali ngeminikelo yezinhlangano zezimali nokuwachitha. Isakhamuzi esineminyaka engu-14 sinelungelo lokuthola ipasipoti, kwezinye izimo ukushada nokuthola umsebenzi ngomsebenzi olula (kuze kube amahora angu-4 ngosuku) ngemvume yabazali. Kule minyaka yobudala, lo mfana usephule ubugebengu obubi kakhulu, futhi angase axoshwe esikhungweni samacala.

Lapho uneminyaka engu-16 isakhamuzi singaba yilungu lezinkampani ezibambisene namasheya noma ukubambisana, singakwazi ukuphetha ngokuzimela isivumelwano sokuqashwa (ngokwezimiso ezithandwayo) noma ukubandakanya umsebenzi wezamabhizinisi (lapho kwenzeka ukuthi kuthiwa usebenza kahle), unecala elibhekele zonke izinhlobo zobugebengu, unelungelo lokushada.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, umuntu uba yisakhamuzi esiphelele.