Smolensk isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria": umlando, ukubaluleka. Likuphi isithonjana Virgin "Hodegetria"

Smolensk isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria" ubalwe njengenye yezinto ezinkulu izinhlobo iconographic. Uma ukholwa ukuthi le nganekwane, isithonjana labhalwa endulo St Luke. ERussia, i- "Hodegetria" yavela ukubonwa ngekhulu XI. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XII, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi Smolensk, lapho wafakwa kulo ibandla labaseTheselonika Assumption Smolensk.

Yini ukuthandaza isithonjana?

Umthandazo lo Smolensk Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu amakhulu eminyaka lihlonishwa amaKristu amaningi futhi usiza ifeza izimangaliso Amazing. Smolenskaya "Hodegetria" kubhekwa ongumvikeli abahambi, bacela kuye ukuba abagcine endleleni izimo ezingemnandi, izifo ezihlukahlukene, izinkinga ezingalindelekile. Futhi, wathandaza konke ukuhlupheka, sicela ukuvikela nokusindisa endlini yakho ezitheni nasezilwaneni izitha. Kuwo wonke umlando, amaKristu iye yacela usizo kusukela Smolensk UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ezikhathini eziwumshayabhuqe ezinzima.

uhlobo isithonjana

Igama imifanekiso - the Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria". Ngalé kwalokho, basibiza ngokuthi "yisikhathi Putevoditelnitsa". Akukhona nje kuphela uphawu oluthile, isihloko omunye izinhlobo imibhalo izingoma uMarian.

Iconography ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana imibhalo:

• Eleussa - Uthando.
• Oranta - abakhulekeli.
• Hodegetria - Putevoditelnitsa.
• Panachranta - Immaculate.
• Agiosoritissa (ngaphandle izinsana).

Ngamanye amazwi, bonke imifanekiso Virgin zihlukaniswe amaqembu, ngalinye elikwazi inezici ayo isici ukubhala izithombe. Ukukhomba isithonjana, udinga kuphela ukucacisa ukuthi isikhala ekubonisa ubuso kaKristu Child and the uNina kaNkulunkulu.

Zinjani isithonjana "Hodegetria"? Lapha, umfanekiso akude Ingane kancane kusukela umfanekiso Umama. Kristu noma yena ohlezi zezandla zakhe, noma umi eceleni kwe. Isandla sokunene nokubamba Kristu Ingane, wakhulela endaweni isenzo zesibusiso. Ngesinye isandla sakhe asiphathele incwadi noma umqulu elifanekisela yomthetho kaNkulunkulu. Omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngokuthi kungani uphawu okuthiwa "Putevoditelnitsey": Ubonisa ikholwa ukuthi indlela efanele - indlela eya Kristu. Virgin amaphuzu isandla Baby ngokuthi "Iqiniso, iNdlela ekuphileni," lapho bonke abakholwa nabo okufanele ufune ifisa ukophulwa.

Incazelo isithonjana lasendulo

Ngokwenkolelo Isonto isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso Our Lady of Smolensk alotshwa ngesikhathi kwasemhlabeni Virgin Mary. A wobuciko adalwe oNgcwele Evangelist Luka. Umsebenzi ngaphambilini Theophilus - lasendulo umbusi Antiyokiya. Kusukela e-Antiyokiya isithonjana ulethwa eJerusalema, bese kamuva iNdlovukazi Evdokia ethulwa udadewabo Pulcheria uMbusi eConstantinople. Lapha, isithonjana isikhathi eside igcinwe esontweni Blachernae.

IBhodi, esetshenziselwa zokubhala imifanekiso, kuningi osekushintshile ngaphansi isisindo isikhathi. Manje kunzima ukunquma okuyindawo wenziwe ngokhuni. Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo sinzima kakhulu. UnguNina KaNkulunkulu uvezwa kuya okhalweni. ngesandla sobunxele yena isekela uJesu izinsana, ilungelo uhlezi esifubeni sakhe. Kwezinsana Laphezulu sobunxele uphethe umqulu, futhi ilungelo lokwenza isenzo zesibusiso. Nezingubo eNcasakazini uMariya ikhofi amnyama umbala, uJesu - oluhlaza amnyama ngegolide.

Ingabe umuntu osiza Lady?

Londoloza nokuthula ezweni, kuzo zonke ekhaya kuzosiza Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria". Ukuthandaza Virgin, kulonda abantu abangekho empini, ubani uvikela nokuzola njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. Amthandazele, futhi ngesikhathi nokuqubuka kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ivikela "Hodegetria" nawo wonke umuntu ngendlela ukuze azivikele izingozi, ngokusiza ukuthola indlela efanele.

Ukuzwa imithandazo umhlaba, kusisize ukufinyelela lady ngoNkulunkulu, ngeNdodana yakhe, encenga ukusithethelela izono zethu, ukulondolozwa olakeni ngakhethi. umsizi eqinile, umvikeli Hodegetria, kodwa ngubani kuyasiza?

Kuphela bogoboyaschimsya, bogonravnym, ukuthandaza kusisiza UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ukuvikela kusuka lezinhlupheko sethusa futhi okubi. Ngingabazi ukwesaba iNkosi, backslider ngeke basisize we uNina kaNkulunkulu. Akukho lutho isimanga kuleli. ububi, izenzo abanesono abantu isikhathi yabo yesibili bethela iqiniso likaKristu. Kodwa umama kuzosiza izitha bendodana yakhe na? UnguNina KaNkulunkulu inomusa kwezoni eziphendukayo, labo abeza kuNkulunkulu ngokusebenzisa ukuphenduka, izinyembezi nemithandazo ecela usizo. Isiza Virgin ngakho izoni, ukuze wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba sisendleleni efanele, ulungise kwaqala nje ukuphila. Yena ukhathalela penitents, labo, njengoba kwenza indodana yolahleko, wabuyela nguKristu, siyavuma futhi bacele intethelelo futhi esonweni umthwalo. Nakakhuluma ngalabo labashiya musa baphenduke ezonweni zabo, engabondli abakubo umphefumulo akanandaba Blessed Virgin Mary.

Smolensk isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Umlando ukuvela eRussia

Ekuqaleni le eyinkulungwane WaseByzantium uMbusi uConstantine IX (1042-1054) wesibili wanika uRaheli indodakazi yakhe umshado enhle Anna Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Umgwaqo eside wabusisa ke "Hodegetria" - isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso. Ubethula ephelezelwa endleleni inkosazana waseConstantinople kuya Chernigov ubukhulu. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwaba isithonjana okuthiwa "Hodegetria", okusho Putevoditelnitsey.

Indodana Vsevolod Yaroslavich uVladimir Monomah bekulokhu wemibono, sikahulumeni ohlakaniphile nakwezombusazwe isikhathi sakhe. Waba negama phakathi engumenzi wokuthula lapho izwe lazo lendabuko. Akazange alindele ukuphoqelela yasemhlabeni kuphela futhi uthumele emthandazweni ukuba asisize Blessed Virgin Mary, ucele usizo ukuthumela wokubusa kwakhe endaweni efanele. Nge hlonipho omkhulu waletha ngokuyisimangaliso "Hodegetria" ka Smolensk emzini Chernigov. Kuke wasibeka ethempelini kweNyuka Blessed Virgin Mary, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo 1101. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ngathola "Hodegetria" igama - the Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu, uVladimir Monomakh wakwazi ukunqoba izikhulu abavukelayo ube umholi omkhulu eRussia, lapho wamisa ukuthula nokuhleleka.

Izimangaliso isithonjana. mercury feat

Izimangaliso eziningi ukuba kwakuwumsebenzi ngempela uphawu "Hodegetria", kodwa emnandi kakhulu-ubhekwa Smolensk ukumhlenga kulesi ayehlasela AmaTatar. Ngo 1239 kwaba uphawu eziyisimangaliso Smolensk uNina kaNkulunkulu ukulondolozwa emzini ayehlasela isitha. Izakhamuzi baqonde ukuthi abakwazi ukubonakalisa kuhlasela esesabekayo we AmaTatar kanye emithandazo eqotho, izicelo zomhlaba waphendukela Virgin Mary. Ngizwe salawo yabo Mediatrix Omkhulu. AmaTatar wayeka Awukude izindonga zomuzi.

Ngesikhathi labo Smolensk squad wakhonza njengephayona Slav owesaba uNkulunkulu okwakuthiwa Mercury. Wakhethwa ukuba UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ukuze kusindiswe edolobheni. Ngobusuku buka-Novemba 24 ethempelini, lapho wagcina Smolensk Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, kwaba umbono sexton. Our Lady yabonakala kuye futhi wamtshela ukuba kudlule Mercury, ukuthi bebehlome wahamba ngesibindi ekamu lesitha, ababhubhise giant zabo eziyinhloko.

Zizwa lawo mazwi evela sexton, Mercury esephuthunyiswa ethempelini. Wawa ngomthandazo ngaphambi izithonjana ongcwele futhi ngezwa izwi. Our Lady eceliwe kanye nemiyalelo Mercury, ngakho kwakuvikela endlini yakhe Smolensk kusukela isitha. Hero ixwayisiwe ukuthi kwaba ngalobu busuku zidlamlilo giant unqume ezohlasela umuzi ulichithe. UNina kaNkulunkulu iNdodana, ngincenga uNkulunkulu ukuba amvikele futhi hhayi ukhaphela nasezweni lokuzalwa nesitha. Sishumayela uKristu, amandla Mercury kwadingeka ukuba anqobe ezinkulu, kodwa ngokuncika ukunqoba ndawonye bemlindile futhi umqhele nokufel 'ukholo, okuzokwenza lithatheni Kristu yakho.

kwafika izinyembezi Ejabulisayo emehlweni Mercury sika, kokuthandaza ngobuqotho ucela usizo amandla eNkosini, waya ekamu lesitha futhi wawahlula giant. ibutho lakhe alaziwa kuphela ezithenjwayo AmaTatar ngaphambi impi. Izitha ezungezwe Mercury, ke wahlushwa, njengoba phambi kobuso ngamandla Amazing oNgcwele. Ngemva kangangokuthi abazange basithole impi iqhawe walala ukuze baphumule. Baphepha Tartar, kokubona Mercury elele, waquma ikhanda lakhe.

INkosi akazange avumele isitha ukushiya umzimba angcolise we martyr, wamnika zokugcina + bamandla ayo. Mercury, nakuba Usaphila, bangena emzini waliletha ikhanda lakhe elinqunywe. Nge nodumo olukhulu, emzimbeni wakhe wangcwatshwa isonto lombhishobhi. Mercury futhi abagcotshwa. Ikhumbule feat yakhe yenzeke ngosizo UnguNina KaNkulunkulu egameni kulondolozwa edolobheni, njalo ngonyaka ngalolu suku (Novemba 24) lokwenza inkonzo ukubonga ubusuku bonke umlindelo phambi "Odigitria". I Smolensk Cathedral of the Epiphany namanje agcinwe izicathulo nensimbi kaShishaki, wathi kubo ababengaphesheya Mercury ebusuku ukuthi kwesibhamu.

Ukufika isithonjana eMoscow

Tatar-Mongol ijoka akazange ngokugcwele okwamanje anqotshiwe, futhi nesitha esisha umcindezele Russia avela eNtshonalanga. Emngceleni osentshonalanga Smolensk isibe omunye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Smolensk isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria" futhi ngalezo zinsuku kwaba umvikeli ephonseka nomvikeli edolobheni.

Ukuze uthole isikhathi esifushane ekhulwini XIV Smolensk waba ngaphansi ukuphathwa wezikhulu Lithuanian, "Hodegetria" wavela heterodox.

Kodwa lapha, ukulondolozwa umfanekiso ngokongamela kaNkulunkulu. Indodakazi omunye Lithuanian Duke Vitovta Sofiya washada Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand UMbusi eMoscow. Ngiye nalo magazini naye isithombe ezingcwele zabantwana elimhlophe-itshe. Ngakho kwaba ngo-1398 Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria" eMoscow. It wamiswa ngo Cathedral of the Annunciation, ngakwesokudla Royal Iminyango.

izakhamizi eMoscow ngokushesha uzwa umusa lovela lasendulo "Hodegetria". Abangaphezu kwesigamu sekhulu leminyaka yena wayekhulekelwa futhi ohlonishwa le Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa umama kaNkulunkulu kaNkulunkulu endlini wayemiselwe ukuba ubuyele Smolensk yakho - i-Church of kweNyuka, ukuze kuvikelwe ama-Orthodox alapho, abacindezelekile izikhulu Lithuanian kanye nabafundisi bezenkolo.

Buyela Smolensk

Ngo 1456 yabuyela ekhaya ukuze isithonjana Our Lady of Smolensk. nekubaluleka kwalo abantu ayenakho okukhulu. Bonke abahlali ayelinde ukubuya kwakhe njengoba isimangaliso. Futhi lapha e Moscow ukuthumela amanxusa, eyayiholwa uBhishobhi yayo Misael. Bona izinyembezi ebuzwa Grand Duke, ukuba nazo azithumela UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ka Smolensk ekhaya. Isikhulu kanye boyars yathatha icebo, yabe isinquma ukugcwalisa isicelo. Ngaphambi "Hodegetria" waya Smolensk, wadutshulwa nge uhlu wakhe olunembile.

Abantu abaningi ngalesosikhathi hloma Church of the Annunciation. Umthandazo lokuqala izimisele ezinkonzweni. Umkhaya wonke babuthana imifanekiso kwesikhulu: isikhulu, inkosazana futhi izingane zabo - Boris, uJohn no-Yuri, Andrew wenza kancane phezu kwezandla zakhe. Nge hlonipho ayekhulekela isithonjana. Ngemva kwalokho, kwehla izinyembezi emehlweni akhe, Prince Metropolitan isuswe shrine e Kyoto, wayinika ezandleni Bishop Misael. Zanikwa Smolensk nezinye imifanekiso, kanye wakhipha, nakuba Umbhishobhi akazange ungaceli ngakho. omunye isithonjana Metropolitan kuphela bacelwa ukuba bashiye ukuze umndeni kwesikhulu - Virgin angunaphakade Ingane. Yena liye labusiswa ngokwanda yiwo wonke amalungu omndeni kwesikhulu. Ngenjabulo iNkosana isithonjana wamanga, wamqabula.

Ngemva kwalokho, odwendweni wachitha Smolensk isithonjana esigodlweni sezindela Mar Saba, esemgwaqweni ku Field Virgin sika. Lapha futhi ngenziwa zinyanga isiguqo, ngemva kwalokho isithonjana waya Smolensk.

Ngomyalo wabaholi isikhulu pha him isithonjana yafakwa Church of the Annunciation iyindawo lapho iminyaka eminingi kwaba Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria". Nsuku zonke lapho eyafezwa umthandazo. Uhlu esenziwe Smolensk isithonjana, Grand Duke kwesokunxele emndenini wakhe.

Uhlu esiqondile Smolensk isithonjana wabulawa ngo-1602. Ngo 1666, yena noSamuweli "Hodegetria" sokubuyiselwa baphuthunyiswe eMoscow. Uhlu wamiswa Smolensk inqaba odongeni (embhoshongweni) ilungelo ngenhla esangweni Dnieper. Ngo 1727 khona yasungulwa esontweni lokhuni. Ngo 1802 bakha ibandla itshe. Lolu phawu iminyaka evikelwe emzini lalibhekisela izinkinga ezimbi.

Impi nge Napoleon e 1812

Lapho izindimbane Napoleon ehlaselwa ezweni Russian ukuvikela Shrine kusukela desecration, Smolensk Bishop u-Irenaeus indlela yamaGreki asendulo "Hodegetria" ukuwela eMoscow, lapho yena wagcinwa kweNyuka Cathedral.

Ngemva amasosha Russian kwesokunxele Smolensk, uhlu ngokuyisimangaliso "Hodegetria", wenza ngo-1602, kwathathwa yibo naye besuka emzini.

Ngobusuku obandulela Battle of Borodino Smolensk Isithonjana UnguNina uNkulunkulu esesizile amasosha ukuba babe nethemba abahlanganyeli ekunqobeni kwakhe, ugqozi ukusizakala. "Hodegetria" eyenziwa phakathi kwekamu yebutho isiRashiya, amasosha, ngifuna, athandaza ke wathatha okholweni futhi amandla angokomoya.

Ngosuku lapho Battle of Borodino, Smolensk isithonjana kanye Iberia futhi uVladimir wathwalwa emhlabeni Sifundazwe, ezibiyele izindonga neChina edolobheni ke wathunyelwa Lefortovo Palace, lapho abagwaziweyo atholiwe. Ngaphambi kokushiya eMoscow, isithonjana zithutha yokugcina e Yaroslavl. Ngemva kwempi, ngo-November 5, 1812, yena waphindiselwa Smolensk. Ikhumbule yokukhululwa kosuku, isitha beqala ukujabula unyaka ngamunye.

XX leminyaka

Wawelela nje kweminyaka eyikhulu, futhi aphinde eRussia yahlasela abahlaseli. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kuye kwabulala izigidi zabantu Soviet. Wema ngendlela lesitha Smolensk. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izwe kwenziwa inkulumo-ze emelene-zenkolo, izinkulungwane abathembekile, abaqotho duty yokushisekela izwe, bacela usizo wasemuva yakhe "Hodegetria". Bengabonakali wabasiza kanjani abantu bakwa Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria". iphi Manje ngendlela lasendulo, akwaziwa, njengoba umsebenzi YesiGreki "Hodegetria" bashone. Ngesikhathi indawo lapho itholakala, namanje umi uhlu UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, wenza ekhulwini XVII. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo okuvikela umuzi kusukela inhlekelele, impi, ukubhujiswa, ubusisa abathembekile nezenzo zokulunga.

Nalapha e Moscow

Ekuqaleni Februwari 2015 kwaba Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu "Hodegetria" e LikaKristu UMsindisi Cathedral. Ngemva kokubuyiselwa, eyathatha cishe iminyaka emithathu, uNkulunkulu othembekile bakwazi ukubona isithombe "Odigitria" ngaphandle esindayo esiliva uzimele. Salary enesisindo 25 kg senziwe 1954 kwi iminikelo ka Smolyan. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, iminikelo esindayo ukulondoloza izithonjana yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi u usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa Folk, ngakho ikhumbule lokho iholo zizogcinwa futhi obala ngesikhathi Cathedral of kweNyuka ngokwehlukile.

Isithonjana wahlala eMoscow kuze kube uFebhuwari 10. Februwari 15, ngemva kokunyamalala isikhathi eside futhi elalihlangana Smolensk, olusha kwathatha indawo yayo yangaphambili, kabusha ukuvikela langakini.

Yilokho umlando onjalo lasendulo futhi ezithakazelisayo i, okuyinto usazi Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Izithombe ukuqinisekisa izinhlobo eziningi "njengomvikeli", bonke bathi a isakramente engcwele, ekusizeni inzuzo abathembekile amandla engqondo futhi ukukholelwa iqiniso kweNdodana kaNkulunkulu.