Sand: Ifomula Ukucaciswa. isihlabathi ukuze kwakhiwe

Sand, formula okuyinto kanje: SiO2, kuyinto rocks entabeni sedimentary futhi impahla yokufakelwa kokuba ukubunjwa izakhi kwamadwala. Kaningi liqukethe asebenza ngebhethri okumsulwa kanye nokumbiwa okungukuthi Silica.

Namuhla isihlabathi wathola okwandile yayo ezindaweni eziningi izenzo zabantu. Lapha ngenhla zonke idingekile ukuze ukwakhiwa yangasese nezezimboni. Sand iba yingxenye izixazululo ezahlukene ukwakheka izisekelo kanye abaluphahleka evele.

incazelo isihlabathi

isihlabathi Yemvelo - ingxube okuxekethile okusanhlamvu, zezakhi okuyinto kuhluka 0,16 kuya 5 mm. Material kwakhiwa ngesikhathi sekhefu rock kanzima. Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani ekuqongeleleni iphutha, esihlabathini kungaba:

• deluvial;
• anesihlabathi;
• Lake District;
• zasolwandle;
• aeolian.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukusakaza umsebenzi namachibi kukhona Sands ukuthi abe ukuma oyindilinga futhi oyindilinga.

I izici eziyinhloko yokwakha isihlabathi

Sand, ifomula eliye eshiwo ngenhla - kuyinto okuxekethile impahla nonmetallic okungase isetshenziswa cishe kunoma yisiphi umsebenzi wokwakha. Kwenqwaba yalezi Sands is hhayi nje eyenziwe asebenza ngebhethri, kodwa futhi feldspar. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe ukungcola samanje namaminerali ngobumba silicates.

On kwezihlabathi phansi ivamile impela, kokubili ezilwandle nakuzo ezweni. Porosity esimweni okuxekethile kuyinto cishe 47%, kanti kuze kube 37% obukhulu. I kwabantu kukalwa Coefficient ka porosity. Ukuze uthole Ingxenyana encane yalawo isihlabathi, lesi silinganiso kuyinto 0.75.

Sand, ogama ifomula kungaba ochwepheshe ewusizo ine porosity evulekile enikeza izinga permeability. Uma isihlabathi selibekiwe Friend, ke sikwazi ukwamukela futhi ukusabalalisa voltage umthwalo ngaphansi izisekelo. Module ukusonteka Sands Ingxenyana encane yalawo zokhahlamba kusuka 30 kuya 50 MPA.

I share ezahlukene isihlabathi

Sand, ifomula okuyinto akuvamile ngakho kudingeka abakhi, has a ezithile gravity ethize, kuncike ezihlukahlukene izinto. Uma kuba isihlabathi isakhiwo, bese lesi silinganiso 1.5 t / m ^3, kuyilapho imitha cubic okuxekethile ezomile nosimende isihlabathi ngeke nesisindo 1,44 m. Efomini ohlangene, lesi silinganiso lakhuphuka lafika ku-1,68 t / m ^3.

I ezimanzi nosimende isihlabathi ukala 1,92 t / m ^3, futhi ohlangene ezimanzi gravity ethize kuyinto 2,54 t / m ^3. isihlabathi mass kuzohluka kusukela emfuleni, asebenza ngebhethri, zasolwandle kanye inkwali zilwane. Isisindo lezi Sands kuyoba kanje: 1.6; 1.6; 1.62; 1.5 t / m ^3, ngokulandelana.

Okuningi mayelana ukuminyana

Uma ucabangela izakhiwo esihlabathini, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi enye yezimfanelo ezibaluleke kuyinto kwabantu bayo. Uma sikhuluma izinhlobonhlobo asebenza ngebhethri impahla, lesi sici kunqunywa izindlela ezimbili. Ngakho, kwabantu ngobuningi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uqinisile. Bulk kunqunywa mass yesiminyaminya isilinganiso esimweni ngobuningi. Ngaphansi kwaleli nani kusho okusanhlamvu hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi wezasemoyeni. Lokhu value ingahluka ku nomswakama.

Isakhiwo isihlabathi kungabuye elinesimo kwabantu kweqiniso, lesi silinganiso kuyinto njalo futhi inqunywa isilinganiso yenqwaba ketshezi esimweni obukhulu. Kulokhu, nomswakama ayibalulekile. I kwabantu kuyahlukahluka kwengoma zamakhemikhali ukwakheka kwama-molecule.

I kwabantu kweqiniso ngobuningi okukhulu. Ukuqina, nemihuzuko crushability nesihlabathi - ayizikhombisi ongaqondile amandla. Uhlolo olwenziwe umbuthano ligijima futhi egqoke ekutholweni lezi nemingcele. ngaleyo ndlela okusanhlamvu aboshezelwa athutha.

Standard kanye nemingcele eziyisisekelo isakhiwo isihlabathi

Ukwakhiwa isihlabathi inkwali futhi ihlukaniswe yaba emfuleni. Le nto yenziwe ngokuhambisana GOST 8736-93. Kuye injongo, ikhwalithi kanye nemingcele kwesejwayelekile ezichaza okuqukethwe ngobumba uthuli, indaba kungenziwa yizigaba ezimbili, ngamunye ephethe oyiyo okusanhlamvu.

Chemical ifomula isihlabathi iye okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kodwa - hhayi kuphela kuka ochwepheshe nesithakazelo. Kuye Ukwakheka okusanhlamvu, indaba kungenziwa labizwa ngosayizi. Ikilasi lokuqala libhekisela isihlabathi krupnofraktsionny, okuyinto etholwe kwasani ukuhlola. Ikilasi sesibili kuhilela esihlabathini Akukhona kuphela yona isihlabathi indawo, kodwa futhi amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye ukwaziswa okuhle.

Sand, ogama isivakashi okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kungaba futhi anesihlabathi. Le nto etholwe ngokugeza enkwalini. Isetshenziselwa ketshezi e umthamo omkhulu, okuvumela ukuba akhulule impahla obumbeni kanye inhlawulo. isihlabathi anesihlabathi ingase iphakamise khona inhlawulo kokuba Usayizi 0.6 mm. Sebenzisa lolu hlobo isihlabathi sibe abaluphahleka, okuyinto khona engathandeki ngobumba.

Usayizi module of emfuleni isihlabathi

Ifomula chemical kungasiza isihlabathi, kodwa kuyaqabukela banake master yangasese. Okuningi ipharamitha okubalulekile isakhiwo ukudla ebizwa ngokuthi iqoqo sieves anezikhala osayizi ezisukela 0,16 kuya 5 mm. isihlabathi esomile sihamba ngesihlungo elikuvumela ukuba ichaze yangasese futhi egcwele doti. Ubukhulu Inani izinsalela ziyonquma isakhiwo okusanhlamvu.

Ukuze izigqulo ukuba kusetshenziswe ngesihlungo wemfihlo fineness 1.2. Uma sikhuluma ukhonkolo, lesi silinganiso kufanele kulingane ezimbili. Kulokhu, isakhiwo okusanhlamvu ngokhonkolo kulawulwa GOST 10268-80. Sand elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ngokusekelwe uqhekeko. Kaningi, ihlukaniswe yaba ezinkulu nezincane. Esimweni sokuqala amasayizi kuyizinhlayiyana kungaba isukela 1.25 kuya ku 5, okwesibili - kusuka 0,16 kuya 1.25 mm.

Ukwencika kwabantu ngobuningi we umswakama

Sand Yemvelo ungase ube kwabantu ngobuningi kule uhla kusuka 1300 kuya 1500 kg / m ^3. Material Ukushintsha ivolumu yayo kanye kwabantu ngobuningi ngokushintsha nomswakama uhla kusuka 0 kuya ku-20%. Uma okuqukethwe umswakama kuhluka 3 kuya ku-10%, kwehla kwabantu njengoba kuqhathaniswa naleyo elinendawo isihlabathi esomile. Ngempela, sihlangane namatshana ngamunye it is camera nge ungqimba ezondile impahla ketshezi kanye nokwenyuka ivolumu. Uma ukwanda nomswakama, amanzi oyongena imigodi phakathi okusanhlamvu, displacing emoyeni. inhlanganiso Bulk kulokhu kwanda entsha, okuyinto kufanele kubhekwe lapho impahla umthamo by volume.

Izici ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani eyinhloko isihlabathi

Sand, Standard okwakubekelwa okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni ihlukaniswa ngu imvelaphi kanye ezivezwa ukucubungula. Ngokwesibonelo, emfuleni isihlabathi, akhishwa imibhede emfuleni, it libhekene ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanzekile futhi akukho amatshe, ukungcola ngobumba ndaba angaphandle. Bahlanza emgodini isihlabathi akhiqizwa inkwali ngokuhlanza impahla, yilo isuswe uthuli nobumba izinhlayiya.

Seeded emgodini isihlabathi limbiwa inkwali, kususwe amatshe kanye inclusions wosayizi omkhulu. It is kabanzi enkulu ekwakhekeni izixazululo for the umsebenzi isisekelo, wokwakha kanye ukhonkolo nokulungiselela. Umsebenzi isihlabathi seeded ngokuvamile iba ngesisekelo asphalt ukuhlanganiswa.

Ukwakha isihlabathi kuyinto wezinto particulate impahla ezakhiwe engokwemvelo ukwa idwala okuyinto. Artificial inhlabathi esindayo - ingxube okuxekethile, okuyinto etholwe kwasani amatshe ngohlobo:

• limestone;
• egwadle;
• nangemabula;
• slags.

Acute okusanhlamvu ukuma etholwe, kanye ebusweni - anolaka. Lokhu kwaziswa usetshenziswa njengesibonelo yamathebhu futhi ngesikhathi umsebenzi abaluphahleka, uma kukhona isidingo sifinyelele eziphathekayo umphumela ukuthungwa yesikimu ungqimba.

isihlabathi Artificial kungaba yinoma yimuphi ungqimba usimende, ne kwemacembu kungaba ezahlukene, kuncike isixazululo kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi.

isihlabathi Artificial ikhiqizwa amalahle slag, futhi ukucutshungulwa amalahle uyaphakama. Ngenxa yalokho, indaba etholwe ongaphakeme sulphur zazo izinga yesikimu ungqimba kuncike. Lapho efeza usimende usebenzisa isihlabathi yokufakelwa kanye ingasetshenziswa ukuze ulondoloze chippings, powder kanye chips zalolu hlobo.

isiphetho

Izindleko isihlabathi kuncike ukusebenza yayo kanye ukuxhumana inkwali ezicezile ukusetshenziswa. Eshibhe inkwali yemvelo isihlabathi awuphasiswa kucutshungulwe. Kuyo kukhona izigaxa ezinkulu ngobumba daka izinhlayiya kokuqukethwe nobumba. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukucutshungulwa intengo isihlabathi iyakhula. isihlabathi seeded kungadla izikhathi 2 ziphindeke kuneyokuqala.