Regional emakethe - Iyini? Ukwakhiwa, ukuphathwa, ukuhlaziywa, izinkinga izimakethe zesifunda

Abantu abaningi buza emakethe lesifunda - Iyini? Isebenza kanjani? Lokho Lifanele inkinga? Lezi kanye nemibuzo neminye izophendulwa esihlokweni. Ukuthuthukiswa umnotho kwesifunda, zizihlanganisa izinhlangano zebhizinisi kanye division of social work at ukusebenza yokukhiqiza besizwe nabezifunda abangaphezu kubangele ekwakhekeni emakethe lesifunda.

definition

Regional emakethe - lokhu ububanzi indawo lezimpahla kwegazi. Ngokwesibonelo, A. umhlaziyi emakethe S. Novosolov uthi emakethe esifundeni inhlangano sendawo ngokuya ihogela kwegazi, okuyinto qondanisa izithakazelo abathengi kanye nabakhiqizi. abalobi abaningi, ngokucabangela imibono ngaphambili futhi umbono siqu, uzama ukubamba ekuchazweni izakhi eziyisisekelo agcwele ezimakethe zakuleli.

Analyst SN Alpysbaeva ukholelwa ukuthi yesifunda emakethe - a territorially kungagcini, uhlelo ovulekile futhi ehlelekile kakhulu of ubudlelwano ukuhweba othayi ngawo contact abathwali kwaneliswe isidingo, ukusekela sangempela wesifunda impahla, credit bese ugelezela zezimali futhi imali esifundeni nangale kwemingcele yayo, kanye kumiswa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni tikhungo letinsha esifundeni.

uhlelo

Ngiyavuma, emakethe lesifunda - kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo izincazelo ngenhla awunawo izingxenye esikiselwa okuqukethwe emakethe zesifunda, ezifana zokuxhumana wemvelo: Ubuhlobo yokuncintisana, ubunikazi yokuzalana ngabanye, nemibandela umsebenzi womthetho value. Sikhishwe lokhu, singakwazi ukunikeza incazelo elandelayo emakethe zesifunda: ubunjalo emakethe yendawo ubudlelwane express wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle bethenga, bethengisa, okuvumela ukuba akhiphe ukusatshalaliswa kanye exchange of imikhiqizo kanye nezinsizakalo ngesisekelo nozakwabo izindleko, ikhumbula kwaneliswe isidingo, ukudala isixhumanisi phakathi isabelo kanye nokuyabela amafa ukuhlinzeka play yangasese nasesigodini, izikhonzi ukuphathwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye ukukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimo kwezinsiza enganele kanye sokuncintisana.

Kulesi ekwakhiweni, emakethe wesifunda njengoba enzeka kwezomnotho indawo libhekisela evulekile, kokuba kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphansi mezorynkom (indawo emakethe) njalo libhekisela uhlelo evulekile nenhlangano esiyinkimbinkimbi, Ngakho-ke, lezi nemingcele neqhaza nencazelo yalo kakhulu.

umphumela

Kutfutfukiswa emakethe zesifunda, sizoqhubeka sihlola, futhi manje ukufunda oyiyo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emakethe lesifunda sithinta izingxenye superstructure: emhlabeni yesikhungo. Nokho, ezimakethe zendawo yinqubo kuletha njengesizathu esinomthelela kwethonya namanye amazwe ngokuningiliziwe elivela endaweni yesibili futhi asisebenzi okuqukethwe kwemigomo mkhuba emnothweni.

Ezimakethe zakuleli ngendlela bakudala uboniswa njengoba iqembu emakethe ukuxhumana sendawo ethile.

Uma sithatha ngokuya engapheli isinyathelo kwezomnotho, emakethe enjalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba emakethe efanele ohlwini lwezincwadi umthetho wokuncintisana, izindleko, ukuthengisela, ngokufunwa, nezinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukushintshashintsha engasindi kuyoba projection wendawo ubuhlobo emakethe ukuhlanganisa emkhatsini intengo okufunekayo ukufunwa izimpahla namasevisi.

Imakethe lesifunda (mezorynok), ngokusekelwe ubukhulu endaweni izohlukaniswa lezo naphakathi-emakethe:

• mikrorynok - emakethe umbono izizathu noma lesifunda namaphethelo;
• minimarket - muzi emakethe wesifunda noma emizaneni;
• emakethe yendawo - emakethe endaweni ethile;
• nanorynok - izibopho kwezentengiselwano ukudayiswa kwi indawo esiqondile noma iphuzu senzo.

Uma sihlaziya ophikweni olunamandla lesifunda yeRussia, emakethe lesifunda bayohlala emakethe esishintshashintshayo kwezomnotho, izikhonzi republic, nokunye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kanye kumiswa izimakethe esifundeni

Kangakanani kumiswa izimakethe zesifunda? Isifunda kungaba athole imiphumela emihle lapho okhuthele kwehlukana lesifunda lomsebenzi nokuthuthukiswa ngesisekelo kwezomnotho kanye ukuhweba ubudlelwane bayo elula kokubili emhlabeni ngaphandle kanye nesibambisene nabo ngaphakathi esifundeni.

izindawo Inguquko emnothweni, izinhlangano entsha ubudlelwane kwezomnotho ibhizinisi ngumnikazi izinhlobo ezahlukene ubunikazi. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukudabuka oxhumana zisetshenziswa ibhizinisi, isakhiwo kwezomnotho ukuguqulwa kanye kudalwa ubudlelwane entsha ukuhweba. Iqhaza juqu ukuthuthukiswa yalezi ubudlelwane kungokwalabo ezimakethe zendawo.

Nge kwemvelo emnothweni zakule ndawo, ukuvela letisha ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano, le ushona yokuhlala kule ndawo ukwelashwa ezivezwa izinhlobo ezahlukene izimakethe zendawo: ezezimali, ikhasimende, emakethe nezinye izinsimbi zokukhiqiza. Izikhonzi umnotho kwesifunda kunesidingo in ezahlukene njengoba emakethe jikelele, futhi izinhlobo yokuqala amasevisi (esikweletu kucocisana zezimali kanye zokuhweba, nolwazi, namanye amazwe, ezomnotho kanye ezisemthethweni).

Umnotho wanamuhla usitshela kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kuyo yonke indawo indlela ephumelelayo kokugcinwa zasemizaneni yemali, commercial kanye agcine eziyinkimbinkimbi enamandla, ulwazi-ukuhweba amanethiwekhi nabanye.

ezingeni yentuthuko

Through the lesifunda ukuhlaziywa emakethe, kubalulekile ukuba banake ezingeni yentuthuko yayo. Uma alwanele, ekunqabeni umsebenzi ibhizinisi, buthakathaka ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza, kwaphazamisa evamile inqubo zokuzala.

Isakhiwo yesikhungo we lesifunda uhlelo emakethe kuboniswe zikhuluphele phandle kwalabo ibhizinisi, iqembu ubudlelwane kwezomnotho, imininingwane ingqalasizinda kanye iziteshi zokusabalalisa umkhiqizo. Ukwakheka ezikhonzini izimakethe zendawo nemisebenzi yabo iyashiyana emakethe. Connections phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene izimakethe e idivayisi kungenzeka yehlukene kaningi okubalwa futhi zamazwe amabili, ngokugcizelela izixhumanisi ezweni elingaphandle. izimakethe Regional sisodwa ezingqimbeni ezizungezile ngenxa obukhethekile lezi izingqimba.

Zonke izimakethe zendawo tiyasebentisana futhi ndawonye izithakazelo yezihloko ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Kulokhu, uvuthwe preconditions esifundeni inqubo zokuzala. Ukuxhumana izimakethe zendawo kwenziwe indlela ozibuse izixhumanisi kwesifunda futhi lokudidiyela amandla sokuhlasela kanye neziphathimandla zesifunda.

izimakethe Regional akhiwa njengoba inkampani ezivulekileyo ezingenaso lisabela njengokungathi nokulumba, futhi isimo sangaphandle kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho nezombusazwe. Zonke izinqubo yokudala izimakethe kanye nezenzo yezihloko ubudlelwane ukuhweba ancike izici qualitative ambalwa of imvelo kwezomnotho.

isikhala kwezomnotho

Ukusebenza kwe-zone kwezomnotho incike isakhiwo kanye nomthamo ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi esifundeni, futhi uhla kanye nohlobo ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kwakuwukuthi izinhlelo izibonakaliso ukunyakaza izinqubo kwezimpahla namacebo ubudlelwane ezezimali nezomnotho futhi ukuhweba. Imvelo evulekile komnotho wendawo edonsa indlela efanele yokusondela zone komnotho ephawula inqubo wokuzala kanye izimakethe zendawo zisebenze. Ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi yezokusakaza kwezomnotho bangaphakathi nabangaphandle, njengoba ngamunye ithatha indawo eqondile kumiswa ukuncika nobudlelwano phakathi izikhonzi umnotho kwesifunda.

zone kwezomnotho sangaphandle anehlathululo juqu for umsebenzi wonke izinhlangano of umnotho kwesifunda. ester kwezomnotho Inner kuhlanganisa izimfanelo nemibandela ukusebenza kohlelo izimakethe zesifunda.

Ukuqinisekisa imikhiqizo kanye namasevisi ingxenye izinqolobane kwezomnotho kumele njalo nezingane njengoba kudingwa inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesisekelo ukushintshana lesifunda ohlelweni elivuthiwe ezimakethe zendawo.

zone kwezomnotho bangaphakathi kumila imijikelezo lesifunda zokuzala, ukuhlinzeka nemibandela esebenzayo abakhiqizi zabasebenzi nokukhula usa emazinga ekuphila. Ukuba khona kwalawa imijikelezo inikeza ukuxhumana ovundlile ohlelweni izimakethe zesifunda, ikhumbula izithakazelo izinhlangano zendawo yenqubo zokuzala.

Ngakho, ezimakethe lesifunda iyindlela zokugaya okuqhubekayo amabutho elikhiqizayo futhi ubudlelwane kwezomnotho. Izimakethe kuhlanganiswe zibe munye ester kwezomnotho lesifunda inqubo kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle zokuzala.

I ngokucacile umqondo

Umuntu ngamunye kumelwe wazi izici emakethe lesifunda. Ngokuvamile, izimakethe zendawo - ke ngamandla lishintsha uhlelo ukuthi ungumnikazi isakhiwo, ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana, futhi enze eziningi imisebenzi.

Okwakhe izimakethe zesifunda itholakala khona ubudlelwane zezomnotho nezenhlalo evelayo phakathi umkhiqizi nemikhiqizo yabathengi (e ukuthengiselana).

Izimakethe avuthiwe ezindaweni ezithile kufakwe isakhiwo jikelele emakethe kazwelonke (kazwelonke).

izinhlobo

Akumangalisi mncintiswano, funa, kanye ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo ukonga okubangelwa nokwehlukaniswa ezimakethe zendawo sezinhlobo ezifana:

• capital emakethe;
• izimpahla umthengi;
• isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza (mortgage, esikweletu imali kanye izibambiso);
• impahla kanye ukukhiqizwa amasevisi;
• zokuhlala kanye commercial ingcebo;
• nemakethe yabasebenzi;
• izindawo ezweni;
• emisha kanye nolwazi ezimakethe.

ukuphathwa

zesifunda ukuphathwa izimakethe kuhilela ukuthobela ithonya izikhonzi ukuphathwa ngale ndaba ukuze kufezeke izinhloso umi ngomumo. Lokhu kuhloswe iziphathimandla lesifunda baye bazishisa njengengxenye indlela uhlelo target.

Injongo eziyisisekelo ukulawula ezimakethe zendawo - isiqinisekiso ibhalansi emakethe, ukuhlinzeka izinzuzo zomnotho yentuthuko zesifunda, nezidingo izakhamuzi.

Superintendence leti amabhizinisi, labantu, izinhlangano, amafemu yezolimo, izinto zomphakathi kwengqalasizinda emakethe esifundeni.

izinkinga

Cabangela le nkinga izimakethe zesifunda Russian. Imigomo ukuguquka ukuthuthukiswa zezifunda expanses enkulukazi Russia ikude ecacile. Umehluko esivela umumo wezomnotho, ezingeni nobuchwepheshe futhi ngezinga, Dynamics kanye nezinga yemandla, ezidayiswayo, ingcebo, ukusebenza, nokunye.

Zisekelwe bezikhali self-ukuthuthukiswa ihlukile, sengqondo ehlukile noma ukwanda kwabantu, ngokucijile eklanywe izinkomba ingqalasizinda ukuvela amazinga weziqu lwabaphathi nezisebenzi ngofuzo ngabodwa esidlule ezindaweni "ezijulile" nezwe.

Ngenxa yalokho lezi izimfanelo, ume phambi izifunda nezinselele ezingavamile zensimu ukulethwa kwezidingo kanye umkhiqizo marketing, ibhizinisi ingozi, abahola kancane futhi okungezona izinkokhelo.