Maykl Porter kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela inzuzo yokuncintisana. Model amabutho ezinhlanu ukuncintisana uMichael Porter

Namuhla, ithuthukiswe ngenkuthalo e yetemnotfo ubudlelwane. Cishe wonke amazwe e elithile noma ngenye indlela behileleka kuzo. Kulokhu, ezinye izifunda ukuthola inzuzo enkulu namanye amazwe, sanda ukukhiqizwa, kuyilapho abanye angisakwazi aqukethe amandla etholakalayo. Lesi simo sibangelwa ezingeni lokuncintisana umnotho.

Ukuphuthuma inkinga

Umqondo nokuncintisana umusa impikiswano kakhulu nemibuthano yabantu ukuthatha izinqumo zokuphatha ezinkampani uhulumeni. Inzalo okwandisa kuyi kubangelwa izizathu ezahlukene. Isihluthulelo isifiso amazwe acabangele izidingo zomnotho, ukushintsha kule ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. umnikelo Omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni nomqondo ukuncintisana isimo owethulwa Maykl Porter. Cabanga ngemibono yakhe ngokuningiliziwe.

Umbono ovamile

Izinga lokuphila esimweni esithile kubalwa imali kazwelonke umuntu ngamunye. It kwandisa ne ngcono isimiso sezomnotho kuleli zwe. ukuhlaziywa uMichael Porter yabonisa ukuthi angaphandle emakethe ukumelana nesimo akufanele kubhekwe njengendlela isigaba komnotho omkhulu, okuyinto singakwenza ngokulitadisha inqubomgomo yezezimali. Kumele kuchazwe nokusebenza, ekusetshenzisweni dolobha kanye nabasebenzi. engenayo National ekhiqizwa ezingeni kwamabhizinisi. Kulesisimo-ke, isimo nenhlalakahle komnotho kumele kubhekwe maqondana inkampani ngayinye.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inzuzo yokuncintisana uMichael Porter (kafushane)

Ukuze operation ngempumelelo ibhizinisi kumele abe eziphansi noma lidlulisele imikhiqizo izinga umahluko enenani eliphakeme. Ukugcina isikhundla emakethe, izinkampani kudingeka kuqhutshekwe nokwenza ngcono imikhiqizo kanye namasevisi ukunciphisa tindleko tekukhicita, kanjalo nokuphucula umkhiqizo. Njengoba kulethe ekhethekile umusa ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle kanye namanye amazwe. Bakha luyisisusa esinamandla sokwenza izinkampani. Bekanye lokhu, lo mncintiswano ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele ungaba hhayi kuphela nomthelela omuhle izinkampani, kodwa futhi zangisiza ekwenzeni ezithile embonini ezingenanzuzo ngokuphelele. Leli lungiselelo ayikwazi kubhekwa phakathi ngokuphelele negative. Maykl Porter uveza ukuthi uhulumeni angakwazi ngokukhethekile labo izingxenye esebenza kuwo ukuyedlula. Ngakho, isidingo ukungenisa imikhiqizo udaba lapho izinkampani ukubonisa imiphumela sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa amafemu angaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzokhuphula izinga jikelele ukusebenza. Omunye izingxenye ezisemqoka ukungeniswa kuzosebenza kuwo. Yandisa umkhiqizo bungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukusungulwa izinkampani abasemaqenjini aphesheya. Bathuthela ingxenye ukukhiqizwa - kancane kahle, kodwa ngaphezulu bazivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha. Inzuzo lisuselwa ukukhiqizwa, elithunyelwa emuva isimo, bese kukhula imali kazwelonke.

nokuthengiswa

Ayikho umbuso angeke akwazi ukuncintisana kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza. Uma ukuthekelisa kumuntu umkhakha abangabodwa landa zabasebenzi kanye izinto izindleko. It is, ngokufanele, zibulale kumasegmenti okungenani yokuncintisana. Okwandayo nokuthengiswa is ekwaziseni lwemali kazwelonke. Isu uMichael Porter isikisela ukuthi ukunwetshwa evamile lemikhiqizo kutawufaka sandla ukudluliselwa ukukhiqizwa phesheya. Kwezinye izimboni Yiqiniso, ukuma izolahleka, kodwa abanye bathola namandla namandla. Maykl Porter ukholelwa ukuthi izinyathelo tekuvikela kuzokhawulela ikhono isimo kwamanye amazwe, ukubambezela ukwanda usa emazinga ekuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

inkinga nokuhlonza

ukuhweba International futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, yebo, kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa umkhiqizo kazwelonke. Noma kunjalo, ungase futhi ube nomthelela omubi kuso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuwo wonke legatsha umkhakha ezingeni samanje futhi ukusebenza ngokuphelele futhi isihlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye okungadonsela izinsiza, kodwa zokuthumela akunakwenzeka. Imboni akakwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana emkhakheni yokungenisa, uma kungekhona ezingeni eliphelele nokuncintisana.

Five amabutho ukuncintisana uMichael Porter

Uma emkhakheni wezimboni yezwe, ukulahlekelwa phansi kumabhizinisi angaphandle kukhona ukukhiqiza kakhulu kuleli zwe, ikhono layo jikelele ukunikeza okhushuliwe umkhiqizo liyancipha. Kunjalo izinkampani ukuthi afeze imisebenzi oholela kangcono kwelinye izwe, ngoba kukhona izindleko ngaphansi futhi imali. ithiyori uMichael Porter sika, ngamafuphi, uxhuma izici eziningana ukuthi ukucacisa nokusimama yezwe emakethe angaphandle. Kuwo wonke umbuso, zikhona izindlela eziningana ukwandisa nokuncintisana. Ukuhlanganyela ososayensi ezivela emazweni ayishumi, Maykl Porter ubumbe uhlelo kokulandelayo:

1. Izimo okwenzeka kuzo ezolimo.
2. Ukukhonza kanye nezimboni ezihlobene.
3. zasekhaya funa izinto.
4. Iqhinga kanye nesakhiwo inkampani, umncintiswano phakathi umkhakha.
5. Indima lwenqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye randomness.

izimo ezikhona

imodeli uMichael Porter isikisela ukuthi kulesi sigaba zifaka:

1. Abasebenzi. Basuke izimpawu ubuchwepheshe, izindleko, inani zomsebenzi, ubude ukuqhela futhi nasemsebenzini wakhe. Abasebenzi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezahlukene, njengoba kukhona izidingo zabo abasebenzi elahlukile umkhakha ngamunye.
2. Scientific Imininingwane ezingaba khona. Kuyinto semininingwane eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi nomthelela nemisebenti kanye netimphahla. Lokhu ezingaba bagxila kule izikhungo zocwaningo, izincwadi, ulwazi lezisekelo, amanyuvesi, kanye nokunye.
3. ezemvelo ngokomzimba. Basuke kunqunywa izinga, izindleko, ukutholakala, inani umhlaba, imithombo yamanzi, izidubedube, amahlathi kanye nokunye. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izimo zezulu bese kwendawo.
4. Capital - imali ukuthi kungenziwa iqondiswe uma utshala imali. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ezingeni imali, isakhiwo izimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke.
5. Ingqalasizinda. Kuhlanganisa ezokuthutha inethiwekhi, zokuxhumana uhlelo kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo, ngeposi, ukuthengiselana lokukhokha phakathi amabhange nabanye.

Explained

Maykl Porter uveza ukuthi izimo ukhiye isici kungukuthi njengefa, kodwa zidalwe izwe ngokwalo. Kulokhu, ukubaluleka ayinakho ukutholakala, kanye izinga ukwakheka zabo indlela kanye ngcono. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi uhlukanise izici ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni eziyisisekelo, ezikhethekile kanye nalolo olwejwayelekile. Kule kusobala ukuthi ukuzinza isimo emakethe angaphandle, esekelwe mibandela engenhla, uqine ngokwanele, nakuba usengozini futhi ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Ekusebenteni, kukhona obunengi ukusekela imodeli kaMikayeli Porter. Isibonelo - Sweden. Kuyinto kunenzuzo ukusebenzisa ezifakwa enkulu ongaphakeme sulphur yensimbi kuze kuze ayikashintshi ikakhulu Western Europe emakethe inqubo Metallurgical. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga netshe saphela nezindleko okusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhiqizwa yayo. Ngo eziningi izimboni zobuchwepheshe izimo ezithile eziyisisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, ezishibhile zabasebenzi imithombo kanye nengcebo enkulu yemithombo yemvelo) lungapheli iyiphi izinzuzo. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza, kufanele ehambisana izimboni ezithile. Singasho abasebenzi ezikhethekile ukucutshungulwa amabhizinisi zezimboni, akha kwenye indawo eziyinkinga.

nokubuyisela

imodeli uMichael Porter sika isikisela ukuthi yokuntuleka ethile eyisisekelo isinyathelo eqinile, sigqugquzela inkampani enze ngcono futhi athuthukise. Ngokwesibonelo, eJapane, kunokuntuleka okukhulu komhlaba. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela lokhu yikona okwakubaluleke ukwenza njengesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kokusebenza compact kwezobuchwepheshe kanye izinqubo okuyinto yena, zithandwa kakhulu emakethe emhlabeni. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izimo ezithile kumele inxeshezelwa nezinye izinzuzo. Ngakho-ke, emisha kufanele yabelwe abaqeqeshiwe.

uhlelo State

ithiyori uMichael Porter sika akacabangi kuye phakathi zezici eziyisisekelo. Nokho, incazelo yezinto ukuthonya nokusimama yezwe ezimakethe angaphandle, isimo unendima ekhethekile. Maykl Porter ukholelwa ukuthi kufanele athathe isinyathelo kulethe. Ngokusebenzisa inqubomgomo, isimo isinyathelo zonke izakhi ze-uhlelo. Umthelela ingase futhi kuzuzise, futhi okungekuhle. Kule ndaba, kubalulekile lamukele eziseqhulwini inchubomgomo yembuso. Njengoba iziqondiso jikelele khulumela ukukhuthazwa kokuthuthuka, inkanuko emisha, umncintiswano ezimakethe zasekhaya.

Ihogela ithonya uhulumeni

On izinkomba yezici ukukhiqizwa kube nomthelela uxhaso, inqubomgomo imfundo, izimakethe zezimali kanye nabanye. UHulumeni inquma amazinga yangaphakathi nezindinganiso ukukhiqizwa imikhiqizo ethile, ngokuvumelana neziyalezo ezithinta ukuziphatha kwabathengi. Isimo ngokuvamile uba umthengi elikhulu imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene (ezokuthutha izimpahla, ezempi, imfundo, ukuxhumana, ezempilo kanye nokunye). Uhulumeni ungakha izimo sokuthuthukiswa izimboni ngokusebenzisa ukusungulwa ukulawula ukukhangisa izindlela, ukulawula ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda. inqubomgomo State ngo isimo umsebenzi isakhiwo, isu, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi mncintiswano ngokusebenzisa izindlela intela, zomthetho. umthelela kukahulumeni ezingeni wezwe sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe ngokwanele ezinkulu, kodwa noma kunjalo kuba ngokwengxenye kuphela.

isiphetho

izakhi Ukuhlaziywa uhlelo kokunikeza isimo ukumelana, uvumela ukucacisa ezingeni yentuthuko yayo, isakhiwo emnothweni. lamazwe ngamanye ngezigaba kwenziwa ngendlela ethile isikhawu sesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho-ke kwabelwe 4 izigaba yentuthuko ngokuhambisana Kunamandla ayizinhlobo ezine ezisemqoka: izici ukukhiqizwa, ukujula, emisha, ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ngasinye libhekene awayo izimboni kanye nemisebenzi kwamabhizinisi abo siqu. Kwemihlambi izigaba ivumela ukufanekisa inqubo ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ukukhomba izinkinga abazalwane ababehlangabezana nazo yizinkampani.