Kuyini stagflation? Ebhekisela izinqubo zezomnotho

Uyini "stagflation" emnothweni? Leli gama kohlaka uhlelo macroeconomic libhekisela Imininingwane izinqubo ngesimo sekuma ndzawonye kwemnotfo. Stagflation ihlanganisa izici izinqubo elimazayo futhi, eqinisweni, zonke izimo zezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo tetemnotfo. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali e ukulinganisela kuyinto ivuselela eziqondile nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, futhi ubukhulu ezibucayi - imbangela ngokuwa wonke amazwe.

Umlando ukuvela stagflation

Igama elithi siqala Great Britain, lapho zaqala ukuphawula ukuthi izinqubo Stagflationary. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa cyclical komnotho besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukuwa kwamanani phakathi komnotho kanye ukucindezeleka kwezomnotho. Emhlabeni ekupheleni-yalolucwaningo 60 XX leminyaka baqala ukuvela ngokucacile Kuthi ezahlukene (okuphambene) isithombe, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi stagflation. Bright ngokwanele, wathola nenchazelo e-United States phakathi nokuwohloka komnotho ngowezi-ukukhiqizwa, lapho izinga lokukhula amanani ngenxa ekuphumeni ukwenyuka kwamanani ezimpahla kwakungaphezulu mayelana 1%. Umnotho liyashintshashintsha ngemijikelezo ushintsho zenzeka phakathi yokujama tsi, libhekene amanani falling, kwemisebenzi kanye nokukhula komnotho ongaphakeme futhi kwamandla emali, okuyinto kuhambisana nezinqubo ngempela okuphambene.

Efingqa, singasho ukuthi stagflation kusho izinqubo, izimpawu amanani ekhuphuka okusezingeni eliphezulu lokusweleka kwemisebenzi ngenxa yokuntula ngesikhathi esisodwa komnotho.

Izibonakaliso eyinhloko stagflation

Ngakho, liyini stagflation nalokho izici ezifakazela ivela khona? Kuyinto, okokuqala, isimo somnotho, okuyinto ingachazwa njenge sokucindezeleka. Okwesibili, kuyanda okusheshayo e abangasebenzi. Okwesithathu, amandla emali okusheshayo kuleli zwe, kanye ukwehla kwamandla e ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele.

Kuyini stagflation, yabe seyaziwa 70s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Phakathi nale nkathi yokuba zokucindezeleka umnotho ayehambisana ukuncipha ezithile amanani (le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi - "deflation"). Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi kukhona umqondo sasivumela kwakamuva kwe "stagflation", incazelo okungase kushiwo kanje. Lolu uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele esibucayi emnothweni, ephelezelwa ukuntula imali kusuka labantu futhi ongaphakeme amandla wokuthenga. Kodwa ngokushesha amanani enyuka.

Lezizibonakaliso eduze kakhulu ezihlobene emnothweni Russian kwekhulu lama-21: kokuwa lwemali kazwelonke (the ruble), umsebenzi nokwehla khona nesimo sokwehla jikelele kwezomnotho. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, osomnotho ephetha ngokuthi kukhona ingozi ka stagflation ku Russian Federation. Nokho, abahlaziyi ngamazwe ukholelwa ukuthi stagflation ezinjalo, ukwazi iminotho cishe yonke abasafufusa.

Izimbangela stagflation

Phakathi kwezici kungabangela stagflation, ososayensi yilezi ezilandelayo:

- monopolization eliphezulu emnothweni (ayitholwa amanani zigcinwe eyayenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, osomabhizinisi ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezimo wokuncintisana okumsulwa bephoqeleka ukuba sinciphise amanani umnotho ecindezelekile);

- izinyathelo anti-Inkinga abahlukahlukene, okuyinto ehlanganiswe ukuphila isimo ngesimo kwempahla yomphakathi eyayenziwe ukwandisa okufunekayo ezinye isiqondiso intengo ukuze kuvikelwe nomkhiqizi Russian;

- kwembulunga yonke yomnotho (njengesibonelo, umbono ocatshangelwayo ukuchaza ukwanda emali lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi umnotho womhlaba e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, kusukela okuvela uthi ezithile e emphakathini international kungaba bavame ukubanga inhlokomo emnothweni Russian);

- khona okulindele inflation abakhiqizi;

- zinhlekelele eziphathelene ne-amandla.

Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi kule mkhuba kwezomnotho zezomnotho abavelele ososayensi azikakutholi indlela yakho kuze kube sekupheleni.

imihlola Wavelike ka stagflation

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukuthambekela njengoba ukuvela ngokushesha futhi ukunyamalala ngokushesha. Iphuzu kuphela lapho bonke ochwepheshe ukwabelana iphuzu elifanayo umbono - stagflation kunemiphumela engemihle kuphela.

Stagflation nasemiphumeleni yaso

Njengoba kuboniswe kakade, lesi simanga kwezomnotho libhekene ngokuyinhloko nomthelela omubi ezomnotho izifundo.
Kungaba ayeke noma iyiphi enye intuthuko kwezomnotho, liphinde olukwazi ingqondo nenhlekelele acute empilweni ezomnotho zomphakathi. Ngo kubhekwa njengento nemiphumela esemqoka:

- ukunciphisa inhlalakahle izakhamuzi;

- khona inhlekelele nemakethe yabasebenzi;

- nokungalondeki emphakathini ngoba kwezinye izigaba: abakhubazekile, abahola impesheni kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni;

- ukunciphisa imiphumela emihle ye ekusebenzeni kwenqubo zezimali kanye credit;

- ukunciphisa izinga GDP.