YaseTyumen labantu: incazelo, inombolo, umsebenzi kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga

YaseTyumen - omunye ezifundeni elikhulu Russia. Umlando walo, ezomnotho kanye nezici ahlukile. Isizathu salokhu, okokuqala kunakho konke, labantu yaseTyumen. Izakhamuzi esifundeni kuhluke ngezindlela zazo lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye nomphakathi. Sichaza izici eziyinhloko endaweni kanye labantu bayo.

isikhundla ezindawo

Isifunda itholakala emva imizi Ural eNtshonalanga laseSiberia Plain, insimu yalo welulela ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu kuyo yonke ububanzi Russia. Lesi sifunda siyindawo endaweni esifundeni yesithathu kuleli zwe, ke ithatha 1.435.000 amakhilomitha square YaseTyumen izungezwe Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, saseTomsk futhi Kurgan izindawo Komi Republic Krasnoyarsk esifundeni.

Inani labantu base-yaseTyumen iyikhaya emazweni ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene futhi insimu yalo ungabona indawo arctic ehlane, emathafeni futhi ihlathi emathafeni, ehlathini, amahlathi okuxubile, ihlathi-asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni. Relief futhi ahlukahlukene: kusukela emathafeni ukuba izintaba encane.

Le ndawo igcwele kakhulu imithombo ehlukahlukene. Kukhona inothile amanzi ahlanzekile endaweni has kuka 70.000 emachibini ezingaphezu kuka-580 eziyinkulungwane km emifuleni ezahlukene. I ezinkulu Irtysh kanye ob. Iningi umhlaba zesifunda imbozwe amahlathi, ugodo izinqolobane of yaseTyumen oluthatha indawo 3rd kuleli zwe. Kule ndawo basuke bagxila zigcine eyinhloko igesi namafutha Russia, futhi ezifakwa enkulu Peat atholakala, isizinda zamatshe ayigugu, okuhola chromite nethusi.

Hlola umlando

Izakhamuzi kuqala yaseTyumen wabonakala iminyaka eyinkulungwane 40 edlule, kufakazelwa idatha abavubukuli. Labantu lokuqala yaseTyumen babe abayimizulane. Izakhamuzi okunethezekile avele ngasekupheleni ngokwanele ekhulwini 13-16, ke ukuvalelwa Tyumen Khanate, esakhiwa AmaTatar futhi Kerayit. Ekhulwini le-16, uhulumeni waseRussia waqala ukwakha lapha Tyumen ejele, futhi kamuva endaweni yawo wasuka emzini Tobolsk. Ngekhulu le-18 kwaba-dolobha yesifundazwe enkulu yaseSiberia. Ngokuvamile phansi wanikina ezahlukene izifundazwe izibhelu, kodwa iziphathimandla zendawo ziye zaphumelela ukuphila kwabo.

Ngemva Revolution, ke kwaku amatutu Jikelele Alexander Kolchak, futhi kuphela ngo-1919 lapho ekugcineni kwaba namasimu amandla Soviet, inhloko-dolobha yesifunda eba Tyumen. Kusukela ngo-1944, esifundeni likhona kwemingcele yayo samanje.

Climate futhi imvelo

Isifunda Itholakala ukuhanjiswa esishintshashintshayo eziningana zezulu: arctic, Arctic enyakatho esipholile-yezwekazi futhi ngqo - maphakathi naseningizimu. Amaningi ala masimu kungokwalabo indawo sezulu ezinzima, nge eside, obubandayo iDemo nehlobo cool. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa kwe-enyakatho phakathi igcinwe endaweni izinombolo lokususa 29 degrees ehlobo - plus mayelana 7. Eningizimu ngoJanuwari, izinga lokushisa Ukhombisa isilinganiso lokususa 18 degrees ngoJulayi - plus 20. Enyakatho, ngisho ehlobo phansi thaws hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-1 imitha.

Isifunda uwela impela eningi imvula - 600 mm ngonyaka, ngenyanga ezinemvula eningi kunazo zonke kuyinto July, lapho ukuwa afika ku 20% yonke imali. Ikhava iqhwa enyakatho Uthatha 8 kuya ku-10 izinyanga, eningizimu - mayelana 6.

Isimo kwemvelo akuyona ngempela sihlonipheke esifundeni. izinkampani Industrial nezimayini abanandaba ngemvelo, inani elikhulayo izimoto futhi nomthelela ongemuhle umoya ohlanzekile, kukhona inkinga ka nokulahla kanye ezimbonini. Isifunda Administration yenza imizamo ahlukahlukene ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kodwa uma nje ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ikakhulukazi Tyumen, kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka.

Umsebenzi wokuphatha-indawo division kwendawo kanye labantu ukusatshalaliswa

Ngokwe-division yakamuva indawo yesifunda kusukela ngo-1993, yakhiwa izifunda 38 nemizi 26. Idolobha elikhulu iyinhloko-dolobha ye esifundeni, lapho abantu 720.000 baphile. Imizana elikhulu esifundeni nazo Surgut (izinkulungwane zabantu 350), Nizhnevartovsk (izinkulungwane zabantu 270), Nefteyugansk (izinkulungwane zabantu 125), Novy Urengoy (izinkulungwane zabantu 111) futhi Novemba (izinkulungwane zabantu 110).

Mayelana 77% labantu uhlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, kukhona inqubo kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo izakhamuzi ngenxa outflow abahlali ababesuka ezindaweni. I kwabantu of yaseTyumen bakhona 2.4 abantu square kilometre, uphakathi 75 izifunda Russian. cishe lingenamuntu enyakatho ingxenye esifundeni.

labantu Dynamics

observation esihleliwe inani abakhileyo ekuqaleni esifundeni ngo-1959, lapho kwakukhona cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyishumi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, labantu Tyumen Lesigodzi sikhule kancane. ukwanda iphutha esikhathini kusuka 1979 kuya ku-1987, lapho babehlala lapha abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 million.

Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ukwehla elibukhali kwenani labantu. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa ezinzile esifundeni nemboni yezimayini kuye kwaholela yokuthi ngisho eminyakeni yokwakha kabusha, lapho ezweni kwakukhona mkhuba ongathandeki inombolo zezakhamuzi, bheka kwakungeyena okuphambene. Namuhla abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.6 abahlala endaweni.

izici labantu

Kusukela izifunda eziningi endaweni Russia ihlukanisa oyiyo kazwelonke. YaseTyumen wesitjhaba 83% siqukethe isiRashiya, AmaTatar ezakha 8%, futhi iyikhaya eziningana kwamaqembu ezinhlanga encane zomdabu: i-Nenets, Mansi, Khanty, chum, Evenk. Nokho, 95% of the labantu cabanga isiRashiya siwulimi oluyinhloko lokuxhumana.

Kodwa endaweni isici ubulili akusiyo sihluke kakhulu kwezinye izindawo kuleli zwe. labantu besilisa yesifunda kukhona iqembu ezincane kuno zesifazane. Ngomuntu wesifazane ngamunye indoda uwela 1.1.

Izibalo zabantu endaweni

Isifunda iyahluka kwenye nezinye izifunda eziningi Russian intsha kwezakhamuzi zawo. Isilinganiso sobudala lapha ineminyaka engu-37 ubudala. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi emkhakheni yamazinga aphezulu okungabi wenzalo - 17.2 ukubeletha ngayinye zonke izinkulungwane zabantu. Izinga lokufa esifundeni kuyehla kancane futhi okwemvelo labantu ukukhula rate abantu 8.9 ngayinye abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane.

Kodwa bempilo esifundeni Kuthi iphezulu kwesilinganiso kazwelonke, kuba iminyaka engu-71 ubudala, kodwa ivame ukuba wandise. Le ndawo futhi uphawuleka ngempela nenani elikhulu kufuduka ukukhula. Minyaka yonke kukhona angaba yizinkulungwane 4 izivakashi. Sekukonke Ukuncika isilinganiso esifundeni ingaphansi kwe-avareji kazwelonke, futhi bathambekele phambili wehlise. Namuhla lelo nani 662.

endaweni umnotho

Isifunda ivelele kusuka nezinye izihloko eziningi Russian umnotho ozinzile futhi ethembisa. Izindawo ezisemqoka yokuqashwa izakhamuzi, njengoba Employment Centre of yaseTyumen labantu, kukhona izimayini kanye nophethiloli umkhakha. Uveza iningi uwoyela Russian kanye negesi. Kuvele legatsha ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni ubuye izinkuni ukucutshungulwa sithombe. Ngo imisebenzi amabhizinisi amane enkulu yezimboni: isitshalo ibhethri, injini isitshalo, "Neftemash" futhi yokwakha izikebhe. Lesigodzi evuthiwe ezokuthutha sphere, ezohwebo kanye service.

umsebenzi

ukuthuthukiswa komnotho Esimile ivumela ensimini ukuba nombono oqhakazile ngekusasa, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, kukhona inkinga yokungasebenzi. Namuhla, umsebenzi yaseTyumen labantu emkhathaza nokuphathwa lendawo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga lokungasebenzi liye muva enqaba kancane, kusenzima ephakeme ukwedlula izibalo zonke-Russian futhi 5.1.

Inkinga enkulu ngokuthola umsebenzi nezingokwengqondo ezitholakala kubantu nge imfundo ephakeme, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, njengoba izikhala main ezihlobene ne imisebenzi blue-collar.