Indima isimo empilweni kwezomnotho (socialism). nemisebenzi umbuso emnothweni

EU.SSR imele i-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yonke ababehlala kancane yezwe, ukucabanga kahle yini ndawonye. Ukunqunywa ebhukwinitifundvo - into, yebo, ewusizo, kodwa ngabe theory. Kodwa ukuphila eSoviet Union - umkhuba! Ingabe Kuningi ofana?

ithiyori zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni

Uhlelo lwe-socialism njengoba nomqondo wefilosofi ukhona ezingaphezu kweyodwa yeminyaka. Yasungulwa kwakungeyona Marx. Mayelana Sokusebenzela wabhala uPlato kwaba ethandwa kakhulu eGreece yasendulo umqondo. Kuyancomeka imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni Campanella futhi Thomas More wayesebenzisa. Bese imibono yabo ngalolu daba uzwakalise Karl Marks.

Yiziphi wemiqondo eyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni? Kuphikisa umqondo kwempahla yangasese futhi lokwabiwa kabusha eyodwa yengcebo. Ngokusho theorists sezenhlalo, kuba inhlangano emphakathini uzodala umphakathi kakhulu nje futhi khulula lapho zonke izakhamuzi bayalingana. Nokho, nawu umbuzo: Ubani ukusabalalisa izinzuzo zanqwabelana phakathi kwezakhamizi alinganayo? izakhamuzi Okuningi alinganayo? Futhi bekungeke yini kube ezandleni zabo namandla is bagxila is ephawuleka kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi esinakho-wobunxiwankulu noma nkosi ngokuphelele?

nemibi theory

Lo mbuzo - kungesilo kuphela. Okunjalo nokushintshashintsha okunengqondo imfundiso yokuziphendukela eziningi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Yingakho-ke kwathi nhlo yayikhona kuphela njengoba nomqondo wefilosofi, futhi abalobi imisebenzi enikelwe wakhe nabizelwa idealists kanye utopians. uchaza abaningi ngokunembile zakudala, elicwengisiswe socialism kwencazelo "engasimeme".

Marx yena, umsekeli umsekeli oqinile ngalo mkhuba zefilosofi, wayekholelwa ukuthi ukwethulwa lo mbono empilweni yesintu ukwenza eqa kwemvelo. Futhi eqinisweni, wemiqondo eyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ekhona e okumsulwa, injalo primordial isicelo. Ngenxa zingqubuzane ngqo eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we psyche womuntu. Ngeshwa, abantu abaphelele, abanakho indawo utopia.

Amazwe ozama ukwakha nezimboni

umqondo omuhle zefilosofi - ephawula kakhulu ngokunembile le ncazelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Umlando waleli ukunyakaza kungenziwa baphetha ngokuthi imizamo kwesicelo salo esisebenzayo - ke kuyingozi kakhulu. amazwe ezimbalwa kakhulu abaye bakhetha ngale ndlela iphumelela.

Okuningi ngokunembile, kuphela eyodwa - Sweden. I-Ningizimu Melika nase-Afrika kungenzeka kunalokho esiphikisayo ukukhangisa umkhuba zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ne-Soviet Union, nakuba zibe nempumelelo ethile, kodwa ukude kakhulu basuka izimiso eziyisisekelo yokufundisa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, njengesibonelo lamazwe ukuthi baphumelele kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi China. Kodwa Ngeke neze Maoism ingenye amagatsha zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. AmaShayina ngokwabo abelokhu ebheka ukuhlanganyela ngokwabo amaKhomanisi nangokuthi isizwe. Futhi imibono zobuntu, lapho uyaphumula socialism classical, Maoism alien.

Ngakho-ke, uma ucabangela isipiliyoni ukusebenza nokusebenzisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukulingana jikelele empilweni, kungcono ancike isipiliyoni lamazwe amabili: Sweden neSoviet Union. Baya izindlela ezihlukene futhi abe incazelo ezahlukene imfundiso zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Futhi imiphumela kufezekiswe lokwehlukile. Kodwa ukwazi okwengeziwe ukuqhathanisa kubo.

Umnotho kanye nesimo isiqondiso

Noma yimuphi imibono yezombangazwe njalo esekelwe umnotho. Lokhu - inyama negazi uhlelo, ukwakha uphahla noma udonga. belinganisa - indima emnothweni emphakathini. Futhi uma ekuqaleni umbono wepolitiki zingakwazi ukukhiqiza ubudlelwane ezomnotho kanye zezimali ke zashintsha kuya okuphambene. Umnotho emphakathini udlala indzima lesembili, kanye nobuholi ngokushesha wezwe ngeke akuqonde lokhu, ngcono. Isibonelo Classic of Esimweni esinjalo - Russian 20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Kutimisela kutembusave wabhubhisa oda kwezomnotho ubudala futhi wazama eyayenziwe ukudala imibono yabantu abasha ehambisana. Ngempela, isikhathi esithile, lokhu cadaver ayekhona. Kodwa isimo esibucayi Kwagqashuka, futhi uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba ulungise imibono evamile futhi likwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuze ngivuselele umnotho. Nep ukungqubuzana ngqo yonke nezimfundiso wamemezela. Kodwa-ke kwadingeka ukuba angafakwa. Kudingeka. It kwakuwukuphela kwendlela ekulinganiseni isimo. Ngakho empini "imali-mbono" umqondo Ngilahlekelwe. Marx wayephakathi kwesokudla, le ndaba namanje eyinhloko.

Umnotho kuhlelwe njengoba esinakho isimo

Kodwa izindlela zokukhiqiza kufanele sibambane ephethwe. Futhi izimpahla ezikhiqizwa - kwasakazeka, ngokusobala liphakathi. Eqinisweni, lena socialism. Indima umbuso emnothweni, Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukuba isinqumo esiwujuqu.

Ngo-USSR zinto zinjalo. Ngemva kokuwa inqubomgomo nep umnotho kuhlelwe lwaqala, esekelwe ophethe isimo phezu ukuphila nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Imakethe ngomqondo Sasentshonalanga izwi e-USSR njengoba lingekho mkhuba. Ayikho ukuzithiba ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona, akukho mncintiswano. Zonke-ke esikhundleni ukuhlela emaphakathi nomthethonqubo yokufakelwa. Okunjalo kwakuyisici indzima yembuso empilweni kwezomnotho. Uhlelo lwe-socialism eSoviet Union aqondwe njengokufaka "ezimali nokulawula". Futhi leyo nkulumo ibe nezwi lisho. Noma yimuphi ngokufunwa, isidingo ukubala ngokucophelela kanye nokukhiqiza izindawo isiyalelo ecacile. Sidinga lolu steel kakhulu, ogandaganda eziningi kangaka futhi ngazimbili eziningi lezimbadada zezingane.

izinkinga wesi isimo

odwe amazinga ukukhiqizwa ngenkathi kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu, bese kuqhubeke umjikelezo. Umnotho Socialist yalolu hlobo zazingekho ngokwalo. Wayengumngane e indima umculi nge umshini isimo.

emnothweni ngokuvamile eqhathaniswa umzimba. Healthy noma cha, abanamandla nababuthaka. Kodwa - abaphilayo, hhayi edinga isiqondiso: "Inhliziyo beysya igazi - theca" Imisebenzi State emnothweni baseSoviet Union okuhlanganisa indawo ebanzi kangako, ukuthi mayelana nanoma yisiphi ukufana umzimba futhi inkululeko yokukhuluma basuke bengalweli kungaba. Ingabe ukuthi - hhayi impela eziphilayo ukuthi ixhunywe umshini isebenzisa umshini wezinso, izibani futhi pacemaker kanyekanye. Futhi, ukuqhubeka Isifaniso, esikhundleni igazi kuye - abanye plasma oyinyumba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ruble Soviet wawungelona nje uhide-non-Convertible. Wayekhona ngaphandle kwe-Yiqiniso, cleaner kwezomnotho.

exchange emakethe Artificial

Imisebenzi State umnotho wase-USSR kakhulu kangangokuthi esemthethweni lokuhwebelana lwemali kazwelonke zazingenzelwanga nanoma iyiphi ngempela amandla wokuthenga we lwemali, noma nge izingcaphuno zangaphandle. Isilinganiso 1 Rouble - $ 1 akhona kuphela ngaphakathi ezweni, ndawo ngaphandle ukushintshashintsha ruble ngentengo elinjalo engenakwenzeka. Futhi eSoviet Union, le isilinganiso kwakuwukuhlasela kwangempela kuphela ukuthengiselana olusemthethweni. Black amanani emakethe awafani. Futhi ngokushesha nje izwe lama inqubomgomo yokulawulwa elukhuni emakethe lwemali, i-ruble zigoqiwe - noma kunalokho, wathatha isikhundla, futhi kwadingeka ukuboleka ngaphandle ukwesekwa yokufakelwa.

Lokhu enkingeni wesi yokufakelwa emnothweni - ukuba khona e into yasendulo engavamile, oyinyumba incubator imvelo kwenza umzimba unviable ngokuphelele. Kufanele kungenzeka ukushiya indawo ephephile noma ulungiselela ukuthi ngokoqobo uyosichoboza ethambile ingilazi emhlabeni.

ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile static

Kunezinkinga ezifanayo kanye nomnotho, ekhona endaweni umbuso ngokomthetho kakhulu. Yena, yebo, uzinzile - zinhlekelele emakethe ke cishe ningathinti. Kodwa imali zokumelana - ezehlukile ukuqina. Lokhu umnotho akakwazi uqobo ukuphendula ngenakugwemeka izinguquko ngokoqobo. Futhi zokukhiqiza kanye ukusetshenziswa ihanjiswa kwimodi manual, futhi ngenxa yalokho, akuhambisani izidingo zangempela, nemibono ngalezi imibuzo, abahlala umcabango isakhiwo nokubusa. Yilokho kanye indima isimo empilweni kwezomnotho. Soviet-isitayela socialism babekwazi ukunikeza izakhamuzi nge efulethini mahhala, kodwa akakwazanga ukuveza izindlela kwenhlanzeko zesifazane. Ngenxa nje yokuthi isidingo zokuhlala kuyaphawuleka ngezinga elithile, kanye nesidingo ukusebenzisa - lena trifle, okuyinto kusukela ukuphakama ekuphathweni isimo futhi ayikwazi kubhekwe.

iziqinisekiso Social eU.SSR

Kodwa kanye amaphutha asobala ezinjalo, uhlelo kwezenhlalo nezomnotho-USSR ubekade ngendlela yaso eyingqayizivele. Yebo, pads kwakungafanele - kodwa amafulethi sake! Level zokuvikeleka komphakathi e-USSR kwaba ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

izindlu Mahhala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamahhala, imfundo yamahhala, yibhange umsebenzi abaneziqu ... Kube indida ukwazi: kulolu hlangothi, isilinganiso izinga lokuphila eSoviet Union kwaba ephansi kakhulu kunalokho eYurophu noma e-United States. Ngakolunye, kwaba isilinganiso ngempela - okungukuthi, kwakungekho Villas ukunethezeka abayizinjinga noma Vagabonds e amakhadibhodi amabhokisi. Singasho ukuthi izinga lenkonzo esibhedlela evamile waseSoviet iziguli unprivileged kwaba ngaphansana France noma eNgilandi. Kodwa ungakwazi, futhi khumbula ukuthi eFrance noma eNgilandi, abantu ngaphandle umshwalense cishe ulahlekelwe Ilungelo lokuthola ukunakekelwa ngemithi, futhi e-USSR, kuye kwaba esinye sezikhathi iziqinisekiso yezenhlalakahle ukuze zonke.

abathweswe iziqu eziningi eSoviet Union base awanelisekile nokusabalalisa: amabhizinisi ezindaweni ezikude, iwohlokile. Manje, mhlawumbe, hhayi umfundi olulodwa ngabe wayenomona lo mkhuba. umsebenzi okuqinisekisiwe, yokuhlala khulula siqala ehostela, nethemba ukuthola efulethini lakhe siqu.

Lamanje eU.SSR uhlelo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ngoba wonke amaphutha ayo, ebuzwa eziphakeme kakhulu emkhakheni ukunakekelwa komuntu isimo. Futhi ekahle nje lungafinyeleleki.

Swedish okunye

Kodwa indima lokwakuvamile impilo nezomnotho kungaba ezahlukene. Sweden ungasali yangasese, noma emnothweni emakethe. Kodwa bakha "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nge bomuntu", befinyelela umgomo, lapho iSoviet Union yayineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi angu-70.

AbaseSweden wathatha best of the nomqondo wefilosofi - ukunakekela umuntu futhi ukunakekela izidingo zakhe nezimfuneko. Futhi ishiywe ezinobungozi ngenxa impracticability yemigomo: ukuqedwa yangasese nokusatshalaliswa eyodwa. Imodeli Swedish kuhilela ukudonsa isimo phezu ukuphila ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho - kodwa kuphela ngokuya ihogela iziqinisekiso nomphakathi. Phela, akadingi ulawula indlela zokukhiqiza futhi abhubhise khulula emakethe. Kwanele ukwakha uhlelo oluyimpumelelo nokwabela abantu indawo.

Ukusekela kwezamabhizinisi

Ngalokhu futhi yehlise indima engadlalwa uhulumeni empilweni kwezomnotho. Uhlelo lwe-socialism isiSwidi - kuyinto uhlelo fair intela kanye enengqondo, reallocations kufaneleko.

Ngokuphambene kakhulu neSoviet Union, leli lizwe le akhuthaza kakhulu umkhakha wangasese, encane ikakhulukazi naphakathi. Phela, lokhu inketho ephelele! Man oludonsa kanye nomsebenzi, nendlela yokuziphilisa, ngisho ukukhokha izintela. Mina anidingi muntu ukuba zilawule indlela yokutshala iklabishi, kodwa indlela thunga amahembe. Nale kakhulu isibambo zabathengi isidingo. I abahola ngaphezulu, izakhamuzi abacebile, intela eyengeziwe bakhokhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, aba maningi uzobe bathele ezinhlakeni zomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlelo intela yakhiwa ukuze osomabhizinisi inzuzo ukwandisa amavolumu ukukhiqizwa, sente busha futhi andise inkampani.

Uhlelo lwe-socialism IsiSwidi

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi abaseSweden ngakususi indima zokulawula isimo empilweni kwezomnotho. Uhlelo lwe-socialism njengoba wabonisa ukuthi uyabakhathalela abantu akuyona singakwenza ngokulitadisha monopolisation zokukhiqiza, kanye ngokusebenzisa nokwenza kohlaka lomthetho. Balingane eSweden ithole Inkulumo esisebenzayo. Ezinamakhono abangenamakhono abasebenzi, abesilisa nabesifazane - yimuphi umuntu enza umsebenzi othile, uthola imali ngoba ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nezici umgomo ezifana yinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi nekhwalithi imiphumela. Lena - umphumela umsebenzi IsiSwidi zabasebenzi, ngalo ubambisana eduze.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe kuphezulu kakhulu ezingeni jikelele ukubekezelelana. Ubandlululo esekelwe ubulili, uhlanga, izinkolelo zenkolo cishe kungenakwenzeka - isijeziso kulesi simo Akunzima kuphela, kodwa futhi ayinakugwenywa.

ESweden, akukho kwesimiso somhlaba wonke iziqinisekiso kwezenhlalo, njengoba eSoviet Union, kodwa kukhona uhlelo lomshuwalense isimo kwezenhlalo, okuyinto isebenza kubo bonke abahlali. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki imali yabo, bangathembela osizweni umphakathi uma isidingo.

Ngale ndlela, abaseSweden bakwazi ukufeza umbono nakancane kokulingana nokuvikeleka jikelele, ngaphandle umhlatshelo yimiphi yangasese, noma ku-free ukuhweba futhi ibhizinisi imibono.