Chita: labantu kanye nomlando

Idolobha elikhulu impela, elise empumalanga yeSiberia, inhloko-dolobha Trans-iBaikal Territory, Chita Oblast isikhungo, ezokuthutha ihabhu ezinkulu - ifundeka.

Uhlolojikelele

Leli dolobha emithambekeni amabanga amabili: Yablonovy Cherskogo futhi, ngesikhathi confluence komfula Chita Ingoda. Phakathi Chita itholakala Tito entabeni entabeni 946 amamitha okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye Lake Canan. I landscape yemvelo wehlukile: ezimfundeni futhi emaqeleni kuya afanayo entabeni ehlathini.

Chita itholakala endaweni ka liphinyiselwe sezulu yezwekazi enesithwathwa kancane ebusika nehlobo zinomswakama efudumele. Ibanga ukusuka enhlokodolobha Russian eMoscow - 5000 km.

Kusukela umlando edolobheni

Ukuvela Chita exhumene ukuthuthukiswa expanses omkhulu yeSiberia servicemen abantu. Ukuya ekujuleni expanses laseSiberia ngemuva Cossacks, kwaba abantu ahlukahlukene commercial futhi yezimboni. Peter Beketov squad ngo 1653 efika emfuleni. Ingoda wabeka gumbi. Lokhu ndawo okuthiwa Plotbische, t. Ukuze. I izihlenga ezakhiwa lapha, kamuva izikebhe. Nge kusiza indawo, ukuba lapho kwakuphambana khona umhlaba futhi nemifula, Plotbische lakhula ngokushesha. Ngo-1699, kwaba khona ejele, ngo-1706 wathola igama Chita.

ukuthuthukiswa yaKhe ukuthuthukiswa esizayo edolobheni ukweleta uzungeze ekuseni XVII ezimayini esiliva leminyaka, Nerchenskie eyaziwa, futhi ukwakhiwa plant. Chita labantu sikhathi ingatholakala imithombo esekhona ebhaliwe kwekhulu XVIII. Ngo 1762, eseneminyaka abakhileyo 73. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela Manpower yakhiwa usebenzisa isiboshwa zabasebenzi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ejele waqala aphathe Nerchenskomu Gornozavodsk ukuphathwa. It washiya isigxivizo emisebenzi. Chita baqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo zezimboni ngenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi zalo yaqala ukuvutha namalahle yokuncibilikisa, wokuyinikeza kuya Shilka isitshalo. umsebenzi Common bendawo wayebuye ukudoba ihlathi, wezimpahla emfuleni kude.

Esikhathini 20 sika. XIX leminyaka edolobheni kwakukhona kakade abakhileyo 300. Chita Chita elaba isikhungo epherishi. indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni edolobheni kudlalwa Decembrists zadingiselwa kanzima lapha.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX kwakhiwa Trans-iBaikal esifundeni. Isihloko isikhungo zako ezisemqoka ezisemadolobheni lithole Chita, labantu kabani isiqala zikhula ngokushesha. Ngo-1863, ngangihlala lapha ngezakhamuzi ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ekhulwini XX weza Chita athuthukile yedolobha lezimboni eSiberia. Yakhiwa sesitimela, kwakungisiza eziningi izimboni kanye izitshalo. Settlement waba sezohwebo enkulu Transbaikalia. Ukwakha izindlu, amasonto, emasinagogeni amathempeli esebenza, kwakukhona umtapo. labantu kulo muzi ngo-1910 zaba abantu abangaphezu kuka-68 eziyinkulungwane.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution edolobheni isikhashana laliyinhloko-dolobha Ekude Eastern Republic. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili ibhizinisi Chita wasebenza izidingo impi. Ngo-1945 lapha wawuseduze ngesithakazelo abakhulu eliseMpumalanga Ekude, Marshal Vasilevsky. Kufika 1949 ukwakhiwa ezahlukene iziboshwa Japanese empi wasebenza.

Athuthukisiwe kwengqalasizinda komuzi. Chita, okuyinto inabantu umsebenzi ukushaqeka embonini, futhi emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle, 1972 waklonyeliswa Order of the Okthoba Revolution.

Chita ngekhulu xxi

Namuhla Chita - okuthuthuke yedolobha lezimboni. ukwakhiwa Expanded lezinto yamanani ehlukene, ubudlelwano obusha zangaphandle sezisunguliwe, ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba. Chita (sabantu somuzi sokuziqhenya) kwaba umamukeli ohlonishwa National Award "ngezenzo ngeqophelo eliphezulu - esibonga Russia", owawina wesine Zonke-Russian Emncintiswaneni "Rouble Golden" omgwamanda.

Umuzi ine amanyuvesi, izikole, amakolishi isiqondiso sokufundela, ezesayensi ucwaningo nezikhungo. Chita, lapho abantu ine ngethuba ezingeni kwamasiko yabo, has a inombolo ezanele zemfundo izikhungo focus. Isebenza 24 iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi, esekisini, umphakathi Philharmonic, ekhonsathini indawo enkulu. Futhi njalo elibamba imikhosi kanye imincintiswano ye emazingeni ahlukahlukene.

Population saseChita namuhla

Ngoba umuzi elinesimo okuqhubekayo kwenani labantu. Lokhu kuthambekela omuhle waphawula kusukela ngemva kwempi. Ngo-1948, inani labantu umuzi wabantu 138.000, ngo-1966 - 201 000. Ngo-2002, babengamaphesenti 317.000. Namuhla somphakathi womuzi saseChita - abakhileyo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 336.