Yemvelo Reserve of Leningrad Region

Izwe engokwemvelo Leningrad esifundeni is abatelekile ukuthi injani, ukwehluka. Kuyinto ecebile zalo ezikhangayo nobuhle ukuthi uyigugu ngempela. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa Ukuvikelwa izindawo kwezemvelo Leningrad esifundeni.

I-PA uhlelo

indawo enjalo kuhlala 570 ayizinkulungwane. Amahektha futhi akhawunti cishe ama-6% endaweni ingqikithi esifundeni. Kuzo zonke lezi zici e Leningrad esifundeni - 40, zazo 2 kuphela okubalulekile federal - kuyinto Nizhne-Svirsky egicna imvelo Leningrad esifundeni bese bebeka "Mshinskaya ixhaphozi."

Five ekhethekile esishintshashintshayo evikelwe. Zikhona ngaphansi isimo amaxhaphozi ukuthi kukhona lwesabelo ngamazwe. Kulezi zindawo, kuncike imodi ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile ezengeziwe. Yethulwa ukuvikela izinga Waterfowl ndawo.

imikhakha PA

Pas elise-Leningrad esifundeni zihlukaniswe ngezigaba main:

1. Iziqiwu Petersburg Leningrad esifundeni.
2. Amapaki, wadala ngokwemvelo.
3. Izinqolobane.
4. izikhumbuzo Natural.

Zonke izindawo ezivikelekile - izinqolobane Petersburg ne-Leningrad esifundeni - ihluke nomunye ngezici ezithile, njenge:

1. Inhloso kokudala endaweni evikelwe.
2. Area.
3. iziqondiso Environmental.
4. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona abasebenzi kanye nabanye.

PA isigaba eliphakeme

Uma into ukuvikelwa zonke izimiso zemvelo, zonke izinqolobane Petersburg naseLeningrad esifundeni kepha uyoba ngowompristi isigaba esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa iziqiwi. Kufanele ube abasebenzi ngezindaba zesayensi, ngokufanele, ukuvikelwa isimo. Kule ndawo, awukwazi ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini kwezomnotho. Futhi, kukhona ukulinganiselwa okuqinile khona. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lesi sigaba fanele Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve.

Nizhnesvirsky Indawo egicna imvelo

Yaqalwa ngo-June 1980. Eyayihlelwe Museum-Reserve Leningrad esifundeni ukuze silondoloze nezilwane nokuceba zezinyoni ezingavamile izilwane ekhona endaweni yaleli umzimba eziyingqayizivele amanzi njengoba Lake Ladoga, kanye:

• coast yayo;
• ezizungezile ukhuni kokuba srednetaezhnom uhlobo;
• ixhaphozi;
• sites izinyoni ezifudukayo;
• zidala zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene izinhlanzi.

Nizhne-Svirsky - inqolobane uhlobo Leningrad esifundeni, indawo yayo - endaweni Lodeynopolsky. Le ndawo endaweni evikelwe kuyinto 41 eziyinkulungwane. Amahektha.

Incazelo emfushane esiqiwini

indawo Reserve sika kungokwalabo amaxhaphozi, bangabakaNkulunkulu ukubaluleka ngamazwe. Bahlala futhi isidleke span Waterfowl. Ingxenye yesithathu zone evikelwe - endaweni izimbuku, noma umane - ixhaphozi. Abangaba yizinkulungwane 20. Amahektha imbozwe amahlathi. Amanzi Lake Ladoga kungokwalabo ayizinkulungwane 5. Amahektha komhlaba ihlathi. Ukukhululeka wokugodlwa flat, kukhona isihlabathi lolwandle emikhulu kanye namaxhaphozi ehlisa. Yemvelo Reserve of Leningrad esifundeni libhekene nenhlabathi podzolic, ubuswa bog-podzolic futhi bog-Peat. Imvelo impumuzo lokho esikubonayo namuhla yakheke ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezimbili,:

• ukuncibilika Valdai yeqhwa;
• Inqubo echibini-anesihlabathi ekuqongeleleni.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo ezindaweni okuyinto Nizhne-Svirsky reserve Continental, nethonya oLwandle iBaltic. Ngo ekwindla nasebusika ubuswa enyakatho-ntshonalanga umoya, futhi entwasahlobo nasehlobo - eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Inland umzimba endaweni amanzi avikelekile, okungukufa inqolobane Leningrad esifundeni - Segezha echibini. indawo 15 sq wayo. km. Ukujula enkulu - 5 m, phansi kuyinto anesihlabathi. Amanzi kwechibi, naphezu indawo yayo phakathi wona nasemaxhaphozini, kucacile futhi elikhanyayo.

Zonke nomfula omude kunayo Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve - Segezha. Ngakho isuka kuleli chibi elifanayo. Amanzi ekukhanyeni kwakhe kuqala, bese ngendlela odla marsh creeks, futhi mnyama emlonyeni. Empeleni, zonke amadamu Umsuka yabo Peat bogs, futhi ngenxa yalokho abe amanzi ezimnyama. Amadamu main:

• Lake Ladoga;
• Lake Syarba;
• Bay Lahti.

Flora Nizhne-Svirsky reserve

Ubude esiqiwini zingaphezu 1,300 zezitshalo, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi ezisengcupheni futhi ezingavamile. Njengoba Nizhne-Svirsky iseningizimu phakathi ibhande ehlathini, nezimila, okuyinto abacebile zonke amapaki Petersburg naseLeningrad esifundeni, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo i ehlathini isilinganiso wengxenye European yeRussia. Mayelana 80% azo zonke amahlathi ezonini evikelwe - coniferous, nge predominance zemithi zikaphayini. Kepha khulani Nizhne-Svirsky futhi izihlahla ezincane enezicabha ezifana:

• birch (Fluffy futhi povislaja);
• aspen (ethuthumela Poplar);
• Alder (grey and black).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi amancane enezicabha ngokuvamile aqukethe esinindolweni kanye nemithi elandelayo nezihlahla:

• lalesi sihlahla;
• viburnum;
• Rowan;
• raspberry;
• black currant;
• cherry kanye nabanye.

Pine uzizwe kahle on nenhlabathi sandy. On amazwe evunde kakhudlwana ubuswa sonwele - European futhi Finnish. Engamakhambi ikhava ihlathi mpofu ngempela ngokwezinto, nezihlahla wabusa cranberry kanye heather.

Ngaphezu izitshalo eshiwo ngenhla, sikhule, kanye nabanye abameleli ye izitshalo ezindaweni ezivikelekile, okuyizinto zigcine of Leningrad esifundeni. Uhlu lezi zitshalo:

• izinwele utshani;
• Bracken;
• rosemary;
• aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• lily kwesigodi;
• Fern;
• Myrtle Marsh et al.

Isilinganiso sobudala emahlathini kaphayini ezindaweni ezivikelwe Uneminyaka ecishe ibe u-85 ubudala, sonwele - iminyaka engu-100. Ngo ezingafinyeleleki ngemvume kumasayithi zingatholakala nezindawo ihlathi ukuguga ngaphezulu - iminyaka engaba ngu-200.

Amaxhaphozi, kuhlanganise elisezansi Ladoga echibini embozwe imihlanga. Ngoba akubona njengoba amaxhaphozi willow ikhula kunonophiswe kubuye. Kuyinto:

• aquifolium;
• triandra;
• blackish;
• filikolistnuyu et al.

Ngo sekuyophela ihlobo noma ekwindla amahlathi we zixhaphakile reserve nge ezihlukahlukene amakhowe yilezi:

• mushroom ezimhlophe;
• boletus;
• izilinganiso indawo;
• greasers et al.

Ezinye izinhlobo isikhunta ahlelwe eNcwadini Red: osinovik ezimhlophe cortinarius onsomi, polushnik bristly nabanye.

inhlanzi

Esikhathini emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi endawo evikelekile uhlalwe 34 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko it is a suborder ka bony, phakathi kwabo kukhona inhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ikakhulukazi, amanzi Ladoga uphawu ringed kutholakala, futhi eziyizimbangela okulandelayo Svir Bay:

1. Pike.
2. Bream.
3. Sudak.
4. Sabrefish.
5. Iphezulu.
6. Rudd.
7. Asp.
8. Roach et al.

Of engavamile izinhlanzi sticklebacks kungase kuqashelwe: i amathathu- futhi nine-.

I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esiqiwini Nizhne-Svirsky

Imyuziyemu-Reserve Leningrad esifundeni amumethe abameleli jikelele silwane. Vele Nizhnesvirsky eqoshiwe 348 zinhlobo yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso izilwane zasendle is ngqo exhumene ne landscape nohlaza. Ngezansi Leningrad Region, ugodle isilwane, ihlathi-yokuhlala hhayi kuphela:

1. Ibhere elinsundu.
2. Flying squirrel.
3. Moose.
4. Wolf.
5. Fox.
6. Mink.
7. Boar.
8. Beaver.
9. Rys.
10. Wolverine et al.

Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo eqoshiwe endaweni mayelana 44 zilwane. Izinguqulo eziningi kunazo zonke zinhlobo namagundane - 17, abahlukumezi - 13. Kusobala ukuthi inhlalakahle yezilwane zasendle encike ngqo kwi inani namagundane, ngoba kuyisinkwa sawo yabo. izilwane igundane zihlukile ngobukhulu, zingabantu:

1. amaprotheni Ordinary.
2. Muskrat.
3. Bank vole.
4. Mouse-umntwana njll

Enezimpiko Reserve Museum kweLeningrad esifundeni seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-250 zezinhlanzi. Abaningi babo bahlala endaweni evikelwe okwesikhashana, phakathi nenkathi yokwakha izidleke noma ukufuduka. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinyoni ukuthi ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni, zingabantu:

1. White-tailed ukhozi.
2. Osprey.
3. Black Stork.
4. Filin.
5. Fritillaria.
6. Capercaillie.
7. Mpunga Crane et al.

alondoloza zemvelo Leningrad esifundeni ube inani elincane ezihuquzelayo. Lenyoka ezivamile futhi ezintathu zama-izibankwa.

Kuze kube manje, esiqiwini Nizhne-Svirsky basungula izindlela eziningana izivakashi, esukela 6 kuya 40 km. Omunye wabo - emanzini, kanti bonke abanye ngezinyawo. Imizila ukunikeza ithuba ukubona futhi siyakwazisa konke ubuhle bemvelo Leningrad esifundeni, futhi ujabulele umoya opholile kanye ahlanzekile kude imigwaqo kanye nezimboni.