Lake Ladoga: incazelo, ukujula, nesimo sendawo, inhlanzi

Lake Ladoga - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emizimbeni angenasawoti eYurophu. Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma ngani iphi Lake Ladoga, lapho imvelo nesimo sezulu ogwini yayo. It has izici ngokwanele ezithakazelisayo. Nature lapha enhle ikakhulukazi.

Indawo Lake indawo

Likuphi Lake Ladoga? Ingxenye ke itholakala Karelia (ogwini olusempumalanga nasenyakatho) futhi Leningrad esifundeni (enyakatho-mpumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga). On ogwini lwayo amadolobha ezifana okusha Ladoga, Priozersk, Shlisselburg, Sortavala, Lahdenpohja Pitkyaranta.

Ladoga echibini itholakala kumephu ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi Leningrad esifundeni kanye Karelia. Akuve enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iziqhingi. endaweni Lake Ladoga kuyinto 17,9 amakhilomitha square, ngaphandle esiqhingini izindawo. Ibanga ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu phezu amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili nesishiyagalolunye. ebhentshini elingaphansi zayo ezibanzi kakhulu elikhulu elinamanci mathathu eziyisishiyagalombili amakhilomitha. Vumelana usayizi umxhwele. Ngokusho lezi nemingcele, ungakwazi zisanda yini indawo Lake Ladoga.

I ichibi ukujula esifundeni esisenyakatho zokhahlamba kusuka ayisikhombisa ngamamitha amabili namashumi amathathu, futhi, engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli amamitha amabili kuya ayisikhombisa. Njengoba ubona, the Echibi Ladoga ukujula kuyinto heterogeneous kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho kwesigubhu. A umthamo wamanzi Isisindo abayisishiyagalolunye eziyisishiyagalombili cubic metres.

Imifula eziqhingini Lake Ladoga

Ichibi uthululela emifuleni amathathu nanhlanu. Kodwa kuthatha kusukela ekuqaleni eyodwa nje - iNeva. On oluseningizimu echibini kukhona amatheku ezintathu ezinkulu: Volkhov, Svir futhi Schliesselburg lip.

Umfula omkhulu kunayo egeleza eChibini Ladoga - Svir. Umletha amanzi yeLake Onega. Ngisho emifuleni kwesigubhu ukugeleza ezifana Avloga, Maurier, Iceland, Ayrayoki, Vidlitsa, Obzhanka, Sjas, Olonka nabanye.

Mangisho ukuthi Ladoga Lake ezingeni amanzi akuyona njalo. Yena njalo nenze umsindo oshintshashintshayo, it is emangalisayo kubonakala imichilo ezimhlophe emadwaleni, kusale amanzi.

Iziqhingi Ichibi Ladoga kukhona ngokwanele eziningi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-660. endaweni yabo Imininingwane ingamakhilomitha angu-square amane namashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Kufanele ukuthi iziqhingi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho kwesigubhu. Lona endaweni enamadwala.

Iziqhingi ngobukhulu:

1. Riekkalansari - 55,3 km. sq.
2. Mantsinsaari Island - 39,4 km. sq.
3. Kilpola - 32,1 km. sq.
4. Tulolansari - 30,3 km. sq.
5. UBhahali - 27,8 km. sq.

I kunazo owaziwa ku echibini kukhona Valaam isiqhingi. Ziyakwazi i leziqhingi yabangamashumi amahlanu nabangamashumi endaweni ingqikithi abantu abangamashumi amathathu nesithupha amakhilomitha square. Zaba abadumile ngenxa Valaam Isigodlo, esisogwini esiqhingini esikhulu, futhi kukaJesu we uMama sezindela esiqhingini Konevets.

Indaba echibini

Lake Ladoga athambekele elisemcengezini, esesikhundleni glacial imvelaphi zomhlaba. iminyaka eyizigidi ezintathu noma ezine eyikhulu edlule, wonke endaweni kwechibi futhi umcengezi yayo iye ehlanganiswa kolwandle.

Impumuzo yesimanje lenzeka umsebenzi yeqhwa. Isici esiyinhloko kwaba ushintsho kolwandle, kwakukhona kuyanda elizweni. Ngemva yeqhwa esebohlile, kwakhiwa angenasawoti Baltic echibini glacial. Kamuva lo samanzi kwesokunxele ensimini ka Switzerland yesimanje. Futhi kwamiswa khona Yoldia Sea.

Nine nengxenye eyinkulungwane edlule ngenxa yokutakula umhlaba uvele Ancylus Lake. Karelian Isthmus, ixhunywe ngumuntu strait kusukela Lake Ladoga. Kodwa eziyisishiyagalombili namakhulu nengxenye edlule, izinqubo eziqhubekayo zomhlaba Uvule sokuhlupheka Danish, futhi kwakhiwa Littorina Sea. Lokhu, saholela ukuvela le Karelian Isthmus, futhi, eqinisweni, ukwakheka Ladoga echibini. Phakathi nale minyaka emibili eziyinkulungwane nesigamu leyengcile-thile lezi zindawo ayikashintshi.

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye echibini isendaweni Baltic Isihlangu, eningizimu - emsamo East European. Kuyinto empambana lezi evele kukhona Echibi Ladoga ukujula esiphezulu.

izimo zezulu

Lake Ladoga inesimo sezulu esipholile njengoba ukwakha ushintsho kusukela olwandle kuze kube ngokulinganisela esipholile ezwekazini. Lezi izimo zezulu zichazwe kakhulu ukumane. Isikhundla ezindawo ka Lake Ladoga kanye nokusakazwa asemkhathini yesifunda kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise sezulu.

Mangisho ukuthi lezi zindawo akuzona izinsuku eziningi kangaka kwelanga ngonyaka. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, inani ukushisa kwelanga engena phansi ingenkulu ngakho. Ngakho-ke umswakama iyasha kancane kakhulu. Kwaphela izinyanga ezingu-12 kungase kube kancane njengoba ayisithupha nambili izinsuku sunny. Iningi ngonyaka kule ndawo ubuswa izinsuku nge liguqubele, isimo sezulu esinamafu, ukukhanyisa udlulele.

Nezokungcebeleka eLake Ladoga uhlelo kangcono isikhathi kusukela ngosuku lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu Meyi ngo-July 17, bese lapha ungabukela ukukhanya kwelanga ezinzulwini zobusuku. Lezo zinsuku, ilanga alishoni lehla ngezansi isithela emkhathizwe, ekuseni nakusihlwa twilight ahlanganisiwe ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa. Ngokuvamile, ukukhanya kwelanga ezinzulwini zobusuku sihlala amahlanu izinsuku.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Lake Ladoga ngokwayo nayo inomthelela isimo sezulu sendawo, kakhulu bushelelezi izici. Kuwo wonke unyaka, lapha ubuswa imimoya eningizimu-ntshonalanga bese entshonalanga. sezulu epholile nokuzola ivelakancane. Kwesinye isikhathi isivunguvungu ayizikhombisi.

Ogwini kukhona umoya ezinsukwini ehlobo nobusuku obungamashumi amane. Bathoma cishe ayisishiyagalolunye ekuseni bese uyachubeka tize eziyisishiyagalombili kusihlwa. Breezes ukungena maphakathi nezwe ngezinyawo amakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Fogs kuyagcinwa evamise entwasahlobo, ekwindla kanye ehlobo.

Shoreline kwechibi

Ugu lolwandle Echibi Ladoga kuyinto engaphezu kwenkulungwane amakhilomitha. Umbuso wasenyakatho osogwini olusenyakatho - idwala, izintaba, ukwakha peninsulas eziningi nasemathekwini emincane futhi iziqhingi ezincane, ahlukaniswe eStraits.

ENingizimu nogu uphansi. Kuyinto kancane sihlehliswe futhi ngokuvamile ukufudumeza amanzi kancane. Ogwini olunamadwala ngokuphelele zamakhorali, amabhange kanye Shoals. Volkhov, Svir futhi Schliesselburg izindebe - amatheku elikhulu Lake Ladoga.

coast Eastern kancane kakhulu sihlehliswe. Zimbili Bay: Uksunlahti futhi Lunkulanlahti. Kule ngxenye kukhona amabhishi ebanzi isihlabathi esihle.

ogwini Western kwesigubhu ngisho kancane sihlehliswe. Kuyinto ngokuphelele izingulube obukhulu amahlathi okuxubile nezihlahla, okuyinto eduze sizungezwe amanzi. Ogwini enezinto ezinkulu placers. ngezinye izikhathi Stone yokhalo badedela kude eCape of echibini maphakathi nezwe, kanjalo ukwakha Shoals yingozi.

Ngempumuzo phansi echibini

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukukhululeka phansi echibini, has a ka ukwenyuka kwezinga lalezi kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho ukujula-non-iyunifomu. Singasho ukuthi kwesigubhu ukujula avareji imayelana amahlanu amamitha, futhi ophakeme kunabo - ezingamakhulu amabili amathathu nantathu imitha (ngasenyakatho esiqhingini Valaam). Lake Ladoga esenyakatho ingxenye has a phansi engalingani kakhulu. It is ngokuphelele ugcwele wezigodi. Futhi endaweni eseningizimu phansi bushelelezi futhi. Lake Ladoga endaweni yesishiyagalombili ejulile amachibi eRussia.

echibini lamanzi ukucaciseleka kuhlukile amabhange ezahlukene. The rates ephansi kuyagcinwa e Gulf Volkhov yayo lip, futhi ophakeme kunabo - entshonalanga esiqhingini Valaam.

Ngesikhathi amanzi oqinile kwesiphepho echibini, bathi kuye: amathumba namathumba, kuyahlanganiswa ngokuphelele amagwebu.

Ice ingambozwa kuphela engxenyeni ephakathi ye kwesigubhu, futhi kuphela ebusika ezinzima kakhulu. Isikhathi eside isikhathi emakhazeni kuholela amanzi oqinile Ukupholisa, ngakho-ke amanzi kuleli chibi abandayo ngisho ehlobo. Angakwazi kulungele kuphela mncane ungqimba engenhla, futhi emincane nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini. Amazinga esiphezulu amanzi ebusweni ngo-August, ngesikhathi kuba degrees amabili nane. Amanzi chibi fresh, futhi, ngomqondo obanzi, ahlanzekile anele, ngaphandle kulezo zindawo lapho kudingeka sibe isitokwe ukungcola ezimbonini.

Inani kwezomnotho kuleli chibi

Indawo lapho kuyinto Lake Ladoga, kumbangela ukubaluleka sina kwezomnotho ukuze lizwe. Iqiniso lokuthi leli chibi imikhumbi, kubalulekile esifundeni. Kuthathwa ngokuthi enye ingxenye umugqa amanzi main, ingxenye iVolga-Baltic indlela kanye Sea White nesiteshi aseBaltic.

lokuthumela Iningi ingxenye oluseningizimu yeChibi Ladoga ukuba iNeva futhi Svir. Njengoba kwesigubhu unamahlangothi sina, khona-ke ngokuvamile kuba nezivunguvungu, ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, bonke lokuthumela uyama ukuphepha imikhumbi umgibeli.

Kusukela esisekelweni Petersburg Lake yaba yingxenye esihlanganisiwe amanzi zokuthutha simiso enyakatho yeRussia. Ukuthola ukuzulazula ephephile ugu oluseningizimu ye sabekwa Ladoga Canal. Uma kwakunganele, ngisho kwavula Ladoga isiteshi obuphelele eziyikhulu, anamanci mathandathu anesithoba amakhilomitha.

Ladoga Canal manje omisiwe cishe ngokuphelele futhi yene. Isiteshi sesibili, futhi kuze kube namuhla, imikhumbi. Phakathi nonyaka leli chibi uyiswa amathani kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili wezimpahla. OLwandle iBaltic ne iVolga imikhiqizo ezokuthutha petroleum, izinto zokusetshenziswa chemical, izinto zokwakha, ukhuni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ladoga amashumi ezinkulungwane abagibeli zithutha ngonyaka.

Kusukela eMoscow, eSt Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha Cruises izimisele (izivakashi) esiqhingini Valaam futhi Konevets. Ihamba abize Valaam qoqo leziqhingi, kutintfo bamanzi echibini, okuyinto ayibonakali ngasogwini. Futhi lapho imimoya enamandla okungase kuthintwe ewa kakhulu.

Kuhleliwe umgibeli traffic Ladoga khona. Nokho, kabili ngosuku kwezinye izindawo ngesikhathi navigation isikhathi izikebhe ukusebenzisa ukuhamba uya khona.

Fish eziphilayo emanzini echibini

Fish Lake Ladoga sinenai kwezohwebo. Caught zinhlobo eziyishumi, phakathi lapho whitefish ethandwa kakhulu, aphele, ripus. Baningi impela kuleli chibi walleye futhi whitefish.

Nezokungcebeleka eLake Ladoga

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amanzi eChibi Ladoga uhlala cool ngisho ehlobo, edonsela inqwaba izivakashi. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ogwini zikhona amabhishi amahle anesihlabathi. Phakathi izivakashi kukhona enyakatho athandwa kakhulu kulesi siqhingi. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba ukuhamba ku-kayak on echibini - ngo-June nango-July. Kancane eduze kokuqala kokuwa isiphepho, lapho injabulo amanzi njengoba olwandle.

Lapha echibini lapho Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve. Itholakala kwi ibhange kwesokudla emfuleni Svir. Buffer zone - amaxhaphozi izimbuku ebaluleke ngamazwe. Azive zithakazelisa ngalolo basuke isidleke izinyoni zasemanzini ezifudukayo. Kule ndawo eqoshiwe 256 zinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni.

isithakazelo esikhethekile sabazalwane izivakashi esiqhingini Valaam. Yena ngokupheleleyo dibikeza ehlathini. Lesi siqhingi ine sezindela ubudala, okuyinto yasungulwa ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye-nanye.

Futhi amaholide zithanda ukuvakashela Konevsky esiqhingini lapho kukhona ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Leli gama kulesi siqhingi kwakuhlala ihhashi-itshe imbokodo, etholakala lapha. Kuze kube sekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, leli tshe yayiyindawo lomhlatshelo. Ukukhangana main iyona Church of the kukaJesu iNcasakazi eCwebileyo, endaweni Isigodlo.

Mayelana nomlando

Novgorod ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka kwadingeka eLake Ladoga ezempi kanye umthengisi lasolwandle. Imininingwane Geographic efika Abaklami bamabalazwe entshonalanga futhi ngalezo zinsuku. Lake Ladoga kumephu eMoscow State uvele 1544. Wenza isazi-German uSebastian Münster.

Umdwebo Russia Fedorom Godunovym lahlelwa ngo-1600. Kwaba echibini camera ngezinga sasivumela eliphakeme lokunemba. Phakathi kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili senziwa ikhadi hhayi kuphela Lake Ladoga, kodwa isiteshi yokufakelwa.

Novaya Ladoga

Novaya Ladoga - kwelinye lala madolobhana ku lweLake Ladoga. Itholakala ohlangothini kwesokunxele Volkhov emfuleni endaweni lapho agelezela echibini. Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1704 uMbusi uPeter Omkhulu. Kwasala inqwaba izikhumbuzo zomlando okungase kube nentshisekelo nezivakashi.

Shlisselburg

Leli dolobha ogwini Lake Ladoga. It yasungulwa ngu iSikhulu Novgorod Yuri Danilovich e 1323, okuyinto esiqhingini nut wabeka inqaba lokhuni. Kamuva, yena lathunjwa abaseSweden, kabusha Noteburg. Futhi 1702, le nqaba wanqotshwa uPeter Omkhulu ngu. Wabe esenika lo ke ngegama lalo lamanje. Idolobhana Ubuye zalo ezikhangayo: Ladoga Canal, abantu Oreshek inqaba uPetru lesikhumbuzo Omkhulu, Cathedral of the Annunciation, St Nicholas Church.

Priozersk

Kuleli qophelo Karelian isiphetho oye okwakudliwa ekhulwini weshumi nambili. Ngo 1310 Novgorod ngomlomo eMfuleni Vuoksi Yakhiwa dolobha inqaba okuthiwa Korela. Kamuva benqotshwa abaseSweden. Kodwa ngo-1710, waphinde waya Empire Russian.

Lake Ladoga nasezindaweni ezizungezile - indawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu izivakashi. yini nje ungajabulela ubuhle bemvelo, thatha isikebhe uhambo ukuvakashela kulesi siqhingi, kodwa futhi ukuze ubone izikhumbuzo zomlando walondoloza ngayo nesikhathi sethu.