Kuhlangana - akunzima

Kulabo abazi ukuthi convergence biology, kufanele licaciswe ukuthi umqondo iza kithi ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin kusho "Kuhlangana." Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ncazelo isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi yezilimi, ezokuxhumana, futhi ngisho wezifundo zezombusazwe. Yingakho-ke kumele kuqondwe ukuthi Kuhlangana - kuwuphawu ukufana ezithile e eziphilayo kukhona ezingafani ngokwemvelo, esadaleka ngokomongo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo, banayo inani elithile izimfanelo efanayo (isb, ukubukeka, emizimbeni isakhiwo).

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi indlela tekuhlangani sekukhona, isibonelo, ushaka kulayini, amahlengethwa, flying ulwelwesi marsupial izingwejeje futhi izingwejeje ezindizayo. Uma sikhuluma ifomu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo amaqembu eziphilayo ke lwabelwe Kuhlangana kanye kwehlukana, kanye impindamqondo.

I irreversibility of inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ngo ukuvela umzimba ngamunye sidlulile izigaba ezithile ekuthuthukisweni kwabo, futhi lokho kusebenza kuwo ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo. Futhi uma Kuhlangana - kuyinto "ukufana", kufanele ucabangele ushona kanye nezinye imiqondo.

1. kwehlukana - mehluko izici ezikhona ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile. Le nqubo yemvelo okuholela ukuvela amaqembu amasha kanye nabantu. I kwehlukana kuyinto evelele, aba maningi umehluko uba uhlobo oluthile, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi umzimba uqala azigcini nje ngokubukeka kodwa futhi isakhiwo sangaphakathi, emvelweni futhi izici isikhala nemiphakathi ekhethwa khona. Futhi endaweni eyodwa Ungakhetha kuphela labo abangakwazi sisinde kule imvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukhiye umqondo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyinto kwemvelo, ixoxo nexoxo liyazigxumela izinhlobo futhi buthaka - afe.

2. Kuhlangana -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, into kwehlukana okuphambene. Kulokhu, izinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene uqale ukuthola izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa olwenzeka endaweni efanayo, izimo zalo eziyisisekelo futhi izici. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mkhuba Kuhlangana kuvamile kakhulu emhlabeni isilwane, lapho, isibonelo, izinyoni abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle amaphiko, izinhlanzi kufanele kube umumo ovikelekile nokunye.

3. impindamqondo - lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi isiGreki, lo mqondo kusho "isinyathelo esilandelayo". Lesi senzakalo esimeningcondvo ukuvela amaqembu afanayo Izakhi zofuzo eduze, kodwa yokufuna ukufana phakathi kwalezi abameleli musa ezincike ngayo kwezinye. Cishe njalo, lezi zici ngofuzo okhokho. Njengoba sazi ukuthi Kuhlangana - kuba ukufana ukuthi kancane kancane ophuma okuncikileyo ezithile, concurrency kunqunywa ngqo by inqubo zomlando (ngokukhethekile, sikhuluma mayelana phylogeny).

Kungani kunezinkolo Kuhlangana mkhuba

Uma sicabanga nemiqondo eyisisekelo ngokomongo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iye wathi ukuthi Kuhlangana - into njalo, okuyinto esivela abameleli oyinhloko emhlabeni isilwane. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ukushintsha futhi impindamqondo ngokuvamile yendalo. Kodwa isidingo Kuhlangana ayikwazi sinqatshiwe, ngoba izimbangela lokufanayo enjalo kunqunywa khona nokuzwelana futhi ezithile izimpawu eyayisikhona e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, esisodwa noma olunye uhlobo izinto eziphilayo ukuze sisinde waqina ngokwengeziwe.

Ngakho, isizathu esiyinhloko tekuhlangana ukufana ngqo of niches emvelweni bona abakhe noma nabanye abameleli jikelele silwane. Uma ubheka izibonelo ethandwa kakhulu lokufanayo convergent, singaqonda ukuthi kungani uhlobo oluthile abameleli izinto eziphilayo zinezici iyiphi ukuma ethile, ukubukeka, futhi benza ukuphila nezici ezithile.