Izinhlobo izikhungo zemfundo. Isigaba 23 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation"

Isigaba 23 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" ubala zonke izinhlobo izikhungo zemfundo, izici zawo, imigomo kanye nezimpokophelo ezifanayo. Ngokulandelayo, sihlaziya isihloko futhi acacise imininingwane.

Indlela sokuhlukanisa izikole zibe izinhlobo ahlukene

Lapho division of zonke izikhungo zemfundo e izinhlobo zemfundo ziyabhekelelwa, akhethwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo division Kwenziwa futhi kucatshangelwa izinhlobo izinhlelo. Lokhu kungaba:

1. izinhlelo zemfundo eyisisekelo.
2. izinhlelo ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.

izinhlelo Sikhungo ehilela education amakhono kanye jikelele. Umthetho uhlinzeka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziyisithupha izikhungo zemfundo: ezine ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo imfundo eyisisekelo kanye zinhlobo ezimbili, okuhloswe ngaso ukuqhubeka nesikole.

Zonke izikhungo ukuthi liqalise izinhlelo zemfundo, zibuye zihlukaniswe 4 izinhlobo:

• 2 izinhlobo ezikoleni zemfundo jikelele (Izinhlangano imfundo jikelele nemfundo pre-school);
• Izinhlobo ezimbili lwezinhlangano ezihlinzeka nokuqeqeshwa professional (semfundo lwemfundo ephakeme kanye sokufundela semfundo).

Ngokwe-RF Law ngo-July 10, 1992 bekumele ezimbili kuphela izikhungo zemfundo, futhi azizange kwashiwo ngokucacile esihlokweni. imfundo ekhethekile uMthetho wanikezwa ukuba izimilo izikhungo uhlobo, kuyisibopho sabo ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zokufunda. Ukwabela nasezinhlanganweni zabo ukuze imfundo nokuqeqeshwa izintandane.

Izici zezikhungo zokuhlumelelisa izimilo

Ngokuphathelene izikhungo ekhethekile, siphawula ukuthi wamanje ekuqambeni kabusha nabo izinhlangano zemfundo akuhloselwe ukuze akuqede.

Umthetho uhlinzekela ukwakhiwa yemizimba isimo RF izifundo ezikhungweni zemfundo ezinjalo lapho kuqeqeshwa kwakungase iqhutshwe ngokuvumelana izinhlelo ezikhethekile, aguqulelwe izimpumputhe, nabangezwa kahle, ngokwengqondo izingane ebhasha kumbe isacuthe, kanye izingane ezinezinkinga of the system zemisipha, inkulumo neziyaluyalu, Autism nezinye ukukhubazeka impilo.

imfundo yokuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi yezandla kwezingane ngenxa yesimo somzimba elinganiselwe, njengoba kwenziwa ngesisekelo izinhlelo ekhethekile ingashintshwa ukuze lezi zigaba abafundi.

On ekusebenziseni umsebenzi kwezemfundo

Ngokusho isihloko 23 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" sihlinzekela khona okuhlukile ezine izikhungo zemfundo lapho zifaneleke nekusetjentiswa kwetinhlelo imfundo eyisisekelo.

Eyokuqala yalezi ubizwa ngokuthi isikhungo pre-school zemfundo - isikhungo injongo eyinhloko okuyinto anakekele futhi ukunakekela izingane, kanye ukuqaliswa ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa ezinhlelweni zokufundisa ezasenkulisa.

Agasti 30, 2013 I-oda ye-Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation (№1014) sivunyiwe ngumuntu inqubo ekhethekile, owawuthi uhlelekile futhi kwenziwe umsebenzi wokufundisa lonke ku izinhlelo eziyisisekelo. ongakhetha sabo semfundo pre-school zenzelwe izinhlangano ukuthi anakekele izingane, kuhlanganise izinkulisa yangasese namaqembu day-zokunakekelwa.

imfundo ingane ngesikhathi isencane

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ancike imfundo pre-school, izingane angeke kuphela izikhungo kodwa futhi umndeni. Ngo isimangalo 6 zithi ukuthi pre-school ukunakekelwa wezemfundo, ukunakekela izingane, imfundo pre-school, eyenziwa izinyanga 2 kuze ukuqedwa Ubuhlobo (uma kwenzeka umfundi zeminyaka 6-7 ubudala). Amaqembu wadala for ukugcwaliseka lenjongo kungenzeka ngcono, balwisana, futhi ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa iphethini kuhlanganiswe.

Order kusukela Ministry of Education Okthoba 27, 2011 wayebhekwa njengoba siyize. Incwadi sangomhla 8 Agasti 2013 Ministry of uMnyango wezeMfundo izincomo eziqukethwe isimo. inqubomgomo yokufuna labo izikhungo zemfundo lapho bekwi kokusebenza zemfundo ephansi tetemfundvo nekucecesha pre-school. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incwadi asebenzelana ngayo ukuthuthukiswa izindlela esihlanganisiwe nesibalo izingane abadinga ukuvakashela izikhungo zemfundo pre-school.

Kwakukhona, encwadini kanye nezincomo iziphathimandla zikamasipala ukwakha eyodwa Imininingwane ezinsiza "e-line" e izinkulisa. It kutholakele futhi kwakhishwa ngokondla ulwazi inani izicelo (ezinyakazayo) ngoba sesikole wamanje. Ukuze ukubhaliswa kwirejista, abazali noma abameleli zomthetho preschooler ugcwalise ifomu inthanethi enikeziwe in the domain yomphakathi, noma usebenzise iseluleko kuchwepheshe kuMasipala UO. Ungase futhi isicelo mathupha emzimbeni ogunyaziwe isicelo esibhaliwe indawo zasenkulisa yezingane.

Le ncwadi izincomo mayelana izingane yokuvuma igunya pre-school. Nge kulo Mthetho, izingane ithuba lokuya izinkulisa kanye bewuhlomele esikoleni.

isikole

inhlangano Sikhungo yisikhungo ukuthi Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukwenza lokuqala, lesibili futhi imfundo eyisisekelo. ukusebenza kwabo kuncike RF Uhulumeni Ukulungiswa ngo-2001. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi idokhumenti sikhishelwe isikhathi eside, njalo ngcono futhi ushicilele, engazange walahlekelwa amandla ayo futhi okwamanje lisetshenziswa.

Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti yezinhlangano zemfundo lilinganise:

• primary school yesibili;
• ezikoleni ezejwayelekile;
• secondary school;
• Institutions abaphathi maphakathi ne e-sifunde sijule ezihlokweni ezithile ezithile;
• sokuzivocavoca aqeqesha abafundi ngesayensi, yezobuchwepheshe, isiqondiso zezenhlalakahle;
• lycées ekusebenziseni uhlelo naphakathi kanye kumiswa eziyisisekelo amaphrofayli (imigqa).

Ngokucacile of Art. 23 we-RF uMthetho "Ngo Ezemfundo"

Esachazwa mthetho akuhileli ukwahlukana ahlukene by izinhlobo izikhungo zemfundo, okuyinto ukuhlinzeka ngokujulile abafundi ukuqeqeshwa (ezengeziwe), kokubili esikoleni esiphakeme noma esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi ngenxa yalokho nginemibuzo eminingi andukuba kuqalwe entry walo force.

Kwakukhona ukwesaba ukuthi akunjalo ukunikeza sokuthuthukiswa onesiphiwo (onamakhono) izingane. Kodwa empeleni akunjalo, umthetho ezemfundo Russian Federation kuhloswe kumiswa intsha abanamakhono. Kungakhathaliseki isimo semfundo, efundisa abasebenzi kudala izimo ezivuna abafundi.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko izikhungo zemfundo embonweni umehluko hhayi kuphela isimo, kodwa futhi izimo ezikhethekile ngokulungiswa kwemigwaqo imali. Ngaphansi komthetho omusha sihlinzekela ushintsho futhi ongakhetha ngezimali classical for ngezimali imiphumela ukuqaliswa kwe (umphakathi) oda kamasipala. Zonke izidingo iziqu esikoleni lelipelwe e isizukulwane esisha namazinga: ukufundiswa kwemiphakathi, ubuzwe ikhono self-ukuthuthukiswa, self-ngcono.

imfundo professional

inhlangano Professional zemfundo ubhekwa isikhungo injongo eyinhloko ukusebenza okuyinto imisebenzi zemfundo, izinhlelo esikhethekile sokufundela emfundo secondary.

RF Uhulumeni Isinqumo №543 18 Julayi 2008 olawula lezo zinhlobo zezikhungo zemfundo. Imisebenzi eyinhloko post-yesibili semfundo ivelele:

• ukuqaliswa idinga muntu ekuthuthukiseni impucuko, nabanengqondo futhi zokuziphatha, by ekuzuzeni sokufundela imfundo yesibili;
• saturation we ochwepheshe emakethe, ukuba imfundo professional yesibili;
• ukuthuthukiswa asemasha kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke, amaphepha okuba yisakhamuzi, umthwalo, lokusungula, nokuzethemba;
• ukuvikelwa nemagugu emasiko nesimo kwesimilo somphakathi.

Ngaphansi kwalo mthetho uhlinzekela izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinhlangano zezemfundo, abaphathi maphakathi:

1. College, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ohlelweni eyisisekelo ukuqeqeshwa.
2. College, ukunikela zokuqeqesha ngokujulile.

Igama izikhungo zemfundo

Akhethekile yesibili, imfundo jikelele, eminye zemfundo, ukudala omnandi, igama ecacile okuyinto is ebalulwe senhlangano. Lapho wena ushintshe isimo isikhungo, ngempela, washintsha igama lakhe.

Eminyakeni yamuva, izikole eziningi ngokwengeziwe zemfundo anqume semhlangano abasebenzi ukuqamba kabusha inhlangano noma isabelo kwegama lakhe Russian of Hero. i isinyathelo esinjalo kufanele ukusekela iziphathimandla zikamasipala, bonke abasebenzi, umphakathi othintekayo. Emhlanganweni jikelele ukuvota senzeka, yabe isikhipha olandelwayo ebhaliwe lokusebenza neziphathimandla zendawo. Ngemva kokucubungula isicelo njengoba sigcwalisiwe, isinqumo senziwe.

Nge lokhu kwakuyoba nomphumela omuhle, inhlangano ye imfundo pre-school, esikoleni, esikoleni lobuchwepheshe noma ekolishi kwenza izinguquko kuMthethosisekelo kanye naseMthethweni ukushintsha uphawu. Abasebenzi Letincwadzi tekusebentela tikhicitelwe ukhombise entsha igama.

imfundo ephakeme

Uma ucabangela ezihlukahlukene amafomu, izinhlobo zezikhungo zezemfundo, akunakwenzeka ukuba indiva imfundo ephakeme. Injongo eyinhloko yale kuyinto imisebenzi zemfundo nesayensi ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile. On imodeli isakhiwo semfundo ephakeme, kancane kancane ukwazi izindinganiso mkhakha wocwaningo ngamunye kanye amakhono lwabaphathi ephakeme-level.

imfundo eyengeziwe

izikhungo zemfundo engeziwe sezisunguliwe lenhlangano ka ezintweni ezingeyona ingxenye yezifundo zasenkulisa kanye abasesikoleni izingane. UMthetho weMfundo we Russian Federation banikwa izincazelo mayelana namaqembu ukugcwalisa, izigaba, imibuthano zokulawula nemisebenzi ukusekelwa ngokwezimali. Muva nje, isithakazelo izikhungo ezifana liyakhula, kuzo zonke isikhungo wesifunda oyedwa Centre for yokuqhubeka Education, iningi labo izigaba, imibuthano uphakamise ukuthi le boys khulula.

Inqubo ezemfundo DLC kusekelwe izinhlelo zokufunda ngabanye. Amaqembu Akha inshisekelo, ubudala, mkhakha womsebenzi. A ezihlukahlukene laboratory, amakilabhu, amakilabhu, amaqembu, wezinsimbi, studios, yeshashalazi: konke lokhu kunikezwa izingane ngaphandle kwezindonga esikoleni. Ngaphezu iqembu ongakhetha, ezengeziwe imfundo izipesheli kanye namafomu ngabanye umsebenzi.

imfundo professional engeziwe

Inhloso nezinhlangano ezifana - imisebenzi izinhlelo professional ekhethekile. Bangabaholi "uMthetho wezeMfundo" imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. usizo isazi kahle ulwazi mayelana impumelelo zakamuva isayensi nobuchwepheshe, angaphandle eziphambili nesipiliyoni yasekhaya.
2. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho of ongoti ka izikhungo, izinhlangano, abasebenzi kusadingeka, izisebenzi zombuso, ochwepheshe abangasebenzi.
3. Ucwaningo kanye nokucwaninga, kwemisebenzi yokwethula Consulting.
4. Ukuhlaziya logcwele wesayensi amaphrojekthi ngamanye, izinhlelo kanye neminye imibhalo kuphrofayela yenkampani

isiphetho

Isigaba 23 yoMthetho "Ngo Ezemfundo Russia" kuchaza ngokugcwele wonke ngezigaba izikhungo zemfundo, imigomo yabo kanye nezinhloso, ikakhulukazi ifomu zezimali kanye zomthetho. Obekiwe kuyona nezinhlobo izinhlelo zemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho-Russian ibusa kunqunywa ukudalwa kwendoda kuqala zezikhungo zomphakathi imfundo zezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nohlobo.