Imfundo Preschool: uhlelo, isikhungo

imfundo pre-school ilungelo zonke ingane, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ukuqeqeshwa efanele izikhungo, Nokho, kungaba kwenziwe abazali kuzimo yabo ephilayo.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu imikhaya Russian abakwazi ukukhulisa ingane isimo izikhungo wokulungiselela. Ngakho-ke, imfundo pre-school ezweni lethu, uba wemigomo lehamba embili eLuhlelweni kwenqubomgomo intsha.

Umlando pre-school uhlelo lwemfundo eRussia

Ukulandela amazwe aseYurophu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuqhubeke izikhala yasekhaya kwaqala ukuvela izikhungo wokulungiselela zemfundo. Eyokuqala enkulisa khulula ezweni lethu yasungulwa ngo-1866 eSt. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yaqala ukubonakala yangasese tekucecesha ngoba abantwana nezazi.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, ngesimiso semfundo imfundo zasenkulisa eRussia yayisivele ngempela athuthukile. Finyelela wavulwa emphakathini yonke inhlama ezikhokhelwayo khulula izikhungo wokulungiselela. Izwe njalo isinyathelo izinkulisa eziningana, inhlangano okwakunzima eduze ezingeni lamanje.

imfundo pre-school e nenkathi yamaSoviet

Uhlelo lokuqala, owawuthi ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele zonke izinkulisa isimo wamukelwa ngonyaka 1934, futhi kusukela ngo-1938 kuchazwe wemisebenti lebalulekile izinhlangano ezinjalo, kwakhiwa isakhiwo izikhungo, futhi ibhalwe postulates izinkulisa isebenze, isiqondiso othisha kwethulwa.

Esikhathini 40s kwekhulu elidlule, yefundosendlalelo ifinyelele engakaze yenziwe ukuthi ubude besikhathi. Ukufinyelela ukuqeqeshwa khulula wathola abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ezweni lonke.

Ngo-1959, kokuba entsha ngokuphelele pre-school imfundo ngesimo Creches. Laba bazali babekwazi ukuthumela izingane zabo ezineminyaka engu-2 kuya ku-7, kanjalo ukuguquguquka inkinga ungene emahlombe othisha imfundo yomphakathi futhi akhulule isikhathi khulula ukuqhuba umsebenzi.

kabusha olunzulu ohlelweni lwezemfundo, okuyinto kwenziwa ezweni lakithi esikhathini kusukela 80s sekwephuzile kuya maphakathi no-90s kwekhulu elidlule kwaholela ekwakhekeni "Concept yefundosendlalelo." Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we equkethwe eziningi zezimiso eziyisisekelo, okwakukhona ukulandela othisha e bekhulisa izingane:

1. Humanization - ukuthuthukiswa umsebenzi onzima, ukuhlonipha amalungelo abanye, uthando lomndeni nezwe elingaphandle.
2. ukwakha ubuntu - nokuqinisa empilweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo wengane, ukusiza ekuqondeni izinto eziyisisekelo umcabango kanye nomsebenzi.
3. Ngamunye kanye umehluko imfundo - nokuthambekela ekukhuleni kwengane, ukuqeqeshwa encane okusekelwe izithakazelo zabo siqu, impahla namakhono ethu.
4. Deideologization - Sokuveza of amagugu obuntu, ukwenqaba imibono yokungabi nandaba ikakhulu ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo zokufundisa.

izikhungo isabelomali

izinhlangano kwemali neyaziwayo engenzi-nzuzo orientation, ngokuvumelana nomyalo wokuba yiziphathimandla, emizimbeni ukuzibusa lendawo ukuhlinzeka amasevisi emphakathini yefundosendlalelo. Impahla kwalezi zikhungo basonta wombuso by kwesokudla, kodwa thembela ekuphathweni anawo iziphathimandla zemfundo.

Ixashwa izinkulisa yomphakathi kusukela isabelomali ngendlela izibonelelo. Lezi zinhlangano kungukuthi banqatshelwe ukwenza ibhizinisi, uma uthola imali kuhloswe ukuthi kufezekiswe izinjongo okwadala isikhungo.

izikhungo ezizimele

uhlelo lwezemfundo Oku-esikoleni kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka inhlangano zezikhungo ezizimele. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izikhungo Izikhonzi Russian Federation I-ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo imfundo.

Ngezimali kwemisebenzi izinkulisa ezizimele ngezithukuthuku izimali siqu we umsunguli, ngokusebenzisa uxhaso noma izibonelelo. amasevisi zomphakathi unganikezwa lapha njengoba ezikhokhelwayo mahhala. Impahla izikhungo ezizimele sabelwe ukuphathwa kanye esiphathiswe ukuphathwa ezimele.

Umsebenzi walabo izikhungo yesimanje zemfundo zasenkulisa

Manje ukwaba imisebenzi enjalo esebenza ngayo izinhlangano imfundo pre-school:

• ukugqugquzela zempilo engokwengqondo nengokomzimba kwezingane, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela ukuphila balezi zingane;
• ukuqinisekisa ukukhula komphakathi kanye siqu, ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma amakhono, ukwaneliseka izidingo tebuciko ;
• izingane imfundo kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, ukuthuthukiswa uthando ngokuqondene nezwe, inhlonipho Amalungelo yabanye;
• ukuxhumana nabazali, ukuhlinzeka isiqondiso neseluleko emindenini abasha.

Thishela imfundvo yasetinkhulisa

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we uthisha - ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu ehlukile ngamunye wengane okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa izisekelo bezibona emhlabeni, ukwakheka amagugu maqondana imvelo nasemphakathini.

Mfundisi emfundweni pre-school kufanele abe kulezi zimfanelo:

• ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga, yesikhathi eside futhi RAM;
• ukuzinza okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokomzwelo, umnqopho izilinganiso, isu lokungacunuli futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha;
• uzwela izimfuno imvelo;
• ukutholakala amakhono zokudala;
• ikhono ushintshele ngokushesha ukunakekelwa;
• umusa, ukubekezelelana, ubulungisa, isinyathelo.

Izinhlobo zasenkulisa yesimanje

Banikezwe isidingo ukusebenza eyehlukene futhi okuqondiswe ezithile imfundo ngabanye izingane, kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo zasenkulisa izikhungo zemfundo:

1. enkulisa Traditional - nokobana izinhlelo ezivamile ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo yezingane.
2. Enkulisa izingane zisencane - ilungiselela abafundi abaneminyaka kusuka izinyanga 2 iminyaka engu-3. Lubhekele ukudalwa kwezimo ezifanele ekhuthaza komphakathi ekuseni futhi lithathelwe izingane emhlabeni.
3. Enkulisa izingane ezindala, ubudala zasenkulisa - nokuqalisa uhlelo eziyisisekelo ezemfundo, futhi uyabandakanyeka ekufundiseni izingane yobudala engamashumi 5-7 emaqenjini ekhethekile, okuyinto anikezwa benamathuba alinganayo impumelelo esikhathini esizayo esikoleni.
4. Izinkulisa yokutakula nokwengamela - ziyafezeka Uhlelo pre-school hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwenziwe ukukhalima, impilo kanye nomsebenzi kwendle.
5. Uhlawula izikhungo - okugcizelelwe kwenziwa ukulungiswa afanelekayo abafundi ukukhubazeka engqondweni nasemzimbeni.
6. Enkulisa nge okubalulekile mayelana umsebenzi ethize - ngaphezu imfundo jikelele, othisha ukuhlangabezana ezemfundo, siqu, ezenhlalo, tebuciko kanye nezidingo bokubeka ingane.

Ekuphetheni

Naphezu uhlelo kuqhathaniswa evuthiwe zezikhungo zemfundo pre-school namanje udaba olunameva ezweni lethu uhlala ngcono yokufundisa izisebenzi, ukwakheka nobuntu othisha ngezizathu Psychology neyobuntu.

ukuvezwa Okugcwele ngokuhlukumeza okunamandla Pedagogical, okwandisa kwekhono othisha, self-imfundo, sesimanje nokuthuthukiswa kwelinani letikhungo tekucecesha yezingane kohlelo - konke lokhu ingenye izinkinga embi kakhulu yefundosendlalelo.