Izimpawu nesimungumungwane ezinganeni - ke kufanele wazi zonke abazali

Isimungumungwane singadala ukuthi i isifo oyingozi okungukuthi kakhulu esithathelwanayo futhi adluliselwa kalula ezincane spray ngamathe uma ukhuluma, sneezing noma ukhwehlela. Isimungumungwane igciwane, kanye upokisi igciwane ne-rubella, kungokwalabo iqembu okuthiwa "amagciwane oluyingozi", okuyinto ahambisana umkhuhlane ukuqubuka futhi kalula kwenziwe ibanga elide nomoya. Ngokuvamile uhlushwa isimungumungwane kindergartners nabafundi abancane, izingane ezingaphansi konyaka kuyaqabukela agule, kodwa njengoba umthetho, kunzima kakhulu.

Ngo leso sifo, ezifana nesimungumungwana, inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni e omningi amacala 10 kuya 12 izinsuku (nge ngeziphambeko kungenzeka ku noma isiqondiso, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-7 futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka-21), ngemva kwalokho izimpawu zokuqala ziqala ukuvela. Ekuqaleni isimungumungwane ukuhlukanisa kusukela ezinye izifo eziningi sibi zokuphefumula viral kunzima kakhulu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo ke kungenziwa kuphela uma wazi mayelana ukuxhumana isiguli ngesikhathi elokugcina amasonto amathathu (kulokho izimpawu nesimungumungwane ezinganeni ziqala ukuvela ngemva nje kwenkathi ezifana emva kokutheleleka). Lapho isimungumungwane imfiva lokuqala, amakhala yisisu, isifuba esomile lapho ingamaKristu. Ingane izizwa ukucobeka kanye ubuthakathaka, uyenqaba ukudla, play uyama futhi uzama ukuba alale - esicace kangaka ukudakwa jikelele. Amehlo bomvu, eba amehlo zamanzi, ingane ungafaka isikhalazo ukuthi kubuhlungu ukubheka ukukhanya (solar kanye kagesi), okuyinto kakhulu ubuhlungu emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezichazwa conjunctivitis ijoyina lapho ehlukanisa kusukela iso okuqukethwe mucopurulent, kanye ukuvuvukala amalaka futhi amalaka (laryngitis kanye namathansela).

Le nkathi, kulandele izimpawu catarrhal futhi izinga lokushisa komzimba okusezingeni eliphezulu, ibizwa ngokuthi prodromal (noma ehlukile, catarrhal) futhi sihlala 3-6 izinsuku. Ngezinye izikhathi kusuke sekuyisikhathi sokuba womntwana ukuqubuka kwesikhumba ibonakala olungaphelele ngesimo amachashazi amancane izindawo, ozobakhona kuze ukubonakaliswa samanje isimungumungwane ngamawala. Isimungumungwane ukuhlukanisa kusukela ngezinye zezifo ezithathelwanayo ephelezelwa nezimpawu ezifanayo, kuze isimungumungwane ejwayelekile awahlabi kungaba ku nokuqhuma olumhlophe encane, sizungezwe umngcele obomvu, lapho ivele izinsuku 2-5 emva ukuqala yokugula on the mucosa buccal zibizwa ngokuthi izindawo Koplik sika. Olunye uphawu oluhlukanisa Akukhona ukubukeka esibhakabhakeni izindawo onzima ezithambile abomvu - exanthema nesimungumungwana.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi prodromal, izimpawu ze-nesimungumungwane ezinganeni ezikhulayo: ukukhwehlela sithuthukiswe, imfiva evele igxume ivele isikhumba isici amawala, okuyizinto pink izindawo, okuyinto ekuqaleni mancane, kodwa kancane kancane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho uhlangane nomunye, esehlanganise enkulu umzimba. Ekuqaleni, ukuqubuka livela ngemuva ezindlebeni ke ebusweni nasentanyeni nezinsuku kancane kancane ngemva 2-3 ukumboza wonke umzimba, kuhlanganise ezingalweni kanye nasemilenzeni. Ngemva ukuqubuka ihlanganisa ingane kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni, yena kancane kancane uqala zinyamalale lokuqala ezivela ebusweni nasentanyeni, ke esifubeni, izingalo, esifubeni, bese phansi - ngekulandzelana efanayo iphutha. Eqinisweni, izimpawu eziningi nesimungumungwane ezinganeni zifana izimpawu nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa enjalo ukuqubuka hambisa "phezulu phansi" kuyinto ejwayelekile nesimungumungwana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuqubuka akakubangeli ukulunywa okukhulu (ngokungafani upokisi), futhi ivame kakhulu ukuba ngaso sonke ayinandaba ogulayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ngemva ukuqubuka uya, kukhona iminonjana esikhumbeni lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-sinombala umbala, okuyizinto ngokwabo esikhathini esingangesonto.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu nesimungumungwane ezinganeni ayibukeki kunalokho izimpawu nezinye izifo eziningi. Nokho, ezinsukwini zangaphambi wokugoma uma isimungumungwane yahlakazeka kabanzi kakhulu, angafi up wakhe ukuba 3% ezingane ezathola. I esiyingozi isimungumungwane? yezinkinga zayo kungenzeka, phakathi lapho njalo kakhulu otitis, laryngitis, inyumoniya futhi encephalitis. Futhi uma ukuvuvukala izindlebe, emphinjeni kanye namaphaphu zemithi yanamuhla ukuba babhekane ngempela kalula futhi ngokushesha (ngaphandle ezimweni engavamile), i-isimungumungwane encephalitis (ubuchopho ukuvuvukala), ukwelashwa ngisho nalapho isikhathi kuqalile kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina kakhulu, kuze kube ukukhubazeka ngisho nokufa isiguli . Njengoba isimungumungwane kungabangela ukulahlekelwa wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo kwegazi.