Ithuluzi lokuqala lokugcina ulwazi. Umlando wesitoreji sedatha

Ulwazi lulokhu lukhona, futhi siyazi okuningi ngamakhulu eminyaka adlule ngokuqondile ngoba abantu bafunde ukuyigcina nokuyithumela.

Ekuqaleni, abantu badlulisela ulwazi emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni, bawushintsha njalo ngokungahileleki. Kodwa kamuva ekulahleni kwesintu kwakukhona amathuba afana nokudweba nokubhala. Yini engingayisho mayelana nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obukhona obungagcina i-terabytes yolwazi.

Kodwa nokho ithuluzi lokuqala lokugcina imininingwane yilona isandla somuntu ngomqondo wangempela wezwi. Konke kwaqala nge- rock art.

Konke kwaqala kanjani

Kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala, abantu sebeqalile ukurekhoda imicimbi. Ukuqala kungabizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sonyaka kusukela eminyakeni engu-40 kuya ku-10 000 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu. Emadongeni emaphandleni nasemadwaleni, abantu abafanekisa izilwane, izigcawu ezihlukahlukene zomndeni, izinto abahlala kuzo futhi bezizingela.

Namuhla kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe abantu babhala ngomlando ngamabomu, noma bamane bahlobisa izindonga zemizi yabo yokuhlala ngemidwebo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yalokhu ososayensi bafunde okuningi ngokuphila kulawo makhulu eminyaka, futhi ngokufanayo, sifundile.

I-Cuneiform

Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngekhulu lesi-7 BC, indlela entsha yokurekhoda ulwazi - umbhalo we-cuneiform - wabonakala. Amathebulethi akhethekile asebumba, futhi ngenkathi esesimanzi, imibhalo nemidwebo yenziwa kubo. Khona-ke, ukuze zifake imfucumfucu, amapuleti ashiswa emahovini.

Lezi zindlela zaqala ukuvela ngoba inkumbulo yabantu ayithembekile. Ukugcina ulwazi ngendlela elula, engafakiwe, banquma ukusebenzisa le ndlela futhi badala ikamelo elikhethekile lamaphilisi. Imitapo yezincwadi zokuqala yayigcwele izibhebhe ezinjengobumba. Isibonelo, emtatsheni we-Ashurbanipal (eNineve) kwakukhona amaphilisi ahlukene angama-30,000.

ERoma lasendulo, ngasikhathi sinye sasebenzisa indlela efanayo - izingqwembe zamapulangwe ezimbozwe nge-wax ezinemibala bese-ke into ekhaliphile (ababhali be-stylus) basebenzisa ulwazi.

Abadluli bephepha

EGibithe lasendulo, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-3 BC, bafunda ukwenza ipapyrus. Kamuva, leli buchwepheshe landa kulo lonke elaseMedithera.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-papyrus, izitshalo zomndeni wase-Osokovye zisetshenzisiwe. Le mibhalo yabhalwa besebenzisa ipeni elikhethekile. Kwakuyithuluzi lokuqala lokugcina ulwazi, ngokuqondile, isicelo salo esiphakathi, esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Ekhulwini lesi-2 BC kwakukhona esinye isifaniso sephepha - isikhumba. Kancane kancane, wayebhekwa njengokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe futhi waphonsela i-papyrus empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngokokuqala ngqa yaqala ukukhiqizwa edolobheni lasePergam, lapho igama lale nqubo lafika khona. Isikhumba yisikhumba esingenalutho sezilwane (izimvu, izinkomo noma izimbuzi).

Ngaleso sikhathi, inkino yahlanzwa ngamanzi, futhi uma isetshenziswe esikhwameni, ingasuswa futhi imibhalo emisha isetshenziswe. Futhi inzuzo yesikhumba kwakuyikhono lokurekhoda ezinhlangothini zombili.

Iphepha lokuqala

Ngokusho kwamaqiniso omlando, iphepha lokuqala lavela eChina ngesikhathi se-2nd-1st century BC. Ubuchwepheshe besakazwa ama-Arabs futhi kuphela ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye (9) AD, ngaphambi kokuthi ligcinwe ekusithekeni okuqinile kakhulu.

Enye indlela ezithakazelisayo yokugcina ulwazi yi-birch bark (lokhu kungqimba oluphezulu lwe-birch bark). Kwakusetshenziswa kabanzi, ngoba eRussia iphepha lavela kuphela ngekhulu le-16.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bezimboni

Ithuluzi lokuqala lokuqala lokugcinwa kolwazi ngenkathi yentuthuko yomnotho wezentengiselwano zomhlaba yikhadi le-punch.

Ngo-1804, uJoseph Marie Jacquard wakhuphuka ngamakhadi angamapulangwe ayewasebenzisa ukuze ahlele iphethini eliyinkimbinkimbi emikhondweni. Kodwa u- Herman Hollerith wazakhela njengedivayisi yokugcina , oqale ukuhlongozwa ukurekhoda idatha yombalo wabantu base-US ngo-1890 kubo.

Kamuva, le ndlela yaguqulwa ibe ngamateyipu ahlaselwe, ayetshenziselwa ukuthumela i-telegram.

Imvelo yamagnetic yabathwali

Ekhulwini lama-50 leminyaka lama-20 i-tape magnetic yabonakala kumakhompyutha okuqala. Kwabe sekufika amateyipu, lapho umculo owarekhodwa khona. Lolu buchwepheshe busabalalisa ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele.

Cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-disk magnetic yayisungulwe kakade. Ukuthuthukiswa kungokwabakwa-IBM.

Ngo-1969, i- floppy disk yavela .

Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kuze kube manje

I diski eyinkimbinkimbi yekhompuyutha yasungulwa ngo-1956. Futhi yilona ithuluzi lokuqala lokugcina ulwazi, elisetshenzisiwe ngisho nanamuhla. Yiqiniso, ukubukeka kwayo kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe busetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo futhi buqhubeka nokuthuthukisa, buye kwasakazeka kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.

Futhi, kukhona imithombo ephathekayo futhi ekhishwayo , njenge-CD neDVD, ama-USB-Flash-drives.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha kakhulu - isitoreji sefu, ezenziwe ku-intanethi. Manje, noma yiluphi ulwazi lwakho luzofinyeleleka kuwe kunoma iyiphi indawo, asikho isidingo sokuba nanoma yini ngaphandle kwakho ngaphandle kwe-PC noma i-smartphone.

Umlando wokugcina ulwazi uhlanganisa nezinye izindlela eziningi ezitholakale zingasebenzi futhi zikhohliwe.

Ulwazi kulowo nalowo kithi

Umzimba wethu uphinde ugcine ulwazi. Lokhu kubizwa nge-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). I-DNA enesibopho sokugcina imininingwane yolwazi emzimbeni wethu, kanye nokudluliselwa nokuqalwa kohlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli aphilayo. Futhi i-DNA ayinabantu kuphela, kodwa nezitshalo, izilwane nanoma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo.