Ama-steppes aseNyakatho Melika, noma Iyini inyamazane?

Izindle zezintabeni ezinkulu ezisenyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika ngaphambi kokuba zenziwe yizizwe zaseYurophu zihlala amakhilomitha angaba ngu-4 000 ubude nobubanzi obude ngamakhilomitha angu-800. Indawo yangaphakathi-continental kanye nokuvikeleka kusukela entshonalanga yezimvula zezintaba zaseRocky zenziwa yizici zabo zezulu nezitshalo ezilinganiselwe. Ngakho iyini insika? Yiqiniso, lena yi-steppe. Bathola igama labo abavela eFrance abafuduki. Incazelo yegama elithi "imifula" iyimifula. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zitholakala empumalanga yeZilafeni Ezinkulu, enkabeni esentshonalanga yeCanada nase-USA. Enyakatho, umngcele wemifula emahlathini ase-coniferous, entshonalanga - nezintaba, empumalanga - ne-steppes ehlathini, futhi eningizimu kancane kancane zidlula zibe yi-savanna ne-semidesert. Inani lemvula endaweni yeNorth American steppes linciphisa ekuqondeni ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Izindawo ezimelele kakhulu ziphakathi. Ngakho-ke, izimila ezisemaphandleni azifani, zitholakala ngamabhande amathathu amakhulu: utshani obude, utshani obuxubene nophansi.

Ukukhululwa kwamadlelo aseNorth America

Iyini inhlanzi yamaThafa Akulu ngokuphathelene nokukhululeka? Le nsimu idlula i-Cordillera. Liyindawo enhle kakhulu enezindawo ezinamagquma amancane. Eqinisweni, le plateau iyi-plateau ephansi, okuqhubekayo kwamaThafeni aseNtshonalanga kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Izinga eliphakeme lale ndawo liphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-1.5 ngaphezu kolwandle. Imifula ihlukanisa empumalanga futhi ibe yisitsha semifula emibili : eMissouri naseMississippi. Uma le nsimu isezansi kolwandle lwasendulo, kusukela ekubanjweni kwayo. Amapulazi angahlukaniswa ngokomzimba abe izindawo ezine ze-physico-geographical: izindawo ezintathu - u-Edwards, Missouri, i-Llano-Estacado - kanye nengxenye eyinhloko yeThafeni Elikhulu.

Isimo sezulu

Ingxenye eyisisekelo yesimo sezulu sonke eNyakatho Melika yimizila yomoya ephethe umswakama ovela ePacific Ocean. Kodwa emanzini amanzi cishe ayengawi - ahlala phakathi kwezintaba zeRocky and Cascade kanye neSierra Nevada. Imimoya eyomile idlula emagqumeni, ngaphandle kokubhekana nezithiyo, ngaphandle kokuba umanzi ugeleza kusukela eGulf of Mexico. Ehlobo, le mihlangano iphela ngeziphepho naseziphepho, ebusika - iziqhwa ezinzima. Ngokuvamile, imimoya ehlala njalo ijwayelekile emadlelweni. Ukushisa lapha yizwekazi - umehluko. Ehlobo - isilinganiso sama-20-25 degrees wokushisa ebusika - kuze ku--25. Kukhona amaqhwa kuze kube ku--50 degrees. Empumalanga, isimo sezulu sinomswakama - kuze kufike ku-600 mm sezulu kungase kuwele unyaka. Ingxenye esentshonalanga ivulekile, lapha izinkambiso azidluli 300 mm. Cishe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kunemililo emadlelweni. Kodwa umlilo uphuthuma, ngokusemthethweni, ngokushesha, hhayi ukulimaza kakhulu umhlaba.

Izwe lemifino yamadlelo

Iyini inhlanzi ngokuphila kwezitshalo? Imifino yemvelo ihlathi lehlathi kanye ne-steppe. Owokuqala uboniswa ngendwangu ebuntshani-utshani kanye nezikhonkwane ze-aspen ne-birch. Le ndawo itholakala emngceleni waseCanada. Eningizimu eningizimu, emhlabathini we-chernozem, yakha imifula ngokuqondile. Kunesikhumba esincane (ama-acacia nama-mesquite) kanye nesembozo esilala phansi esilala. Ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho kakhulu kukhona i-yuccas, i-cacti ne-agaves. Ngaphakathi kwemifula kunezinhlobo zehlathi. Enyakatho - birch. Eningizimu - ama-oki, ama-mesquite, ama-acacia kanye nomjunipha. Njengamanje, umhlaba wezitshalo wezitshalo ushintsha, ngoba inhlabathi evundile iningi lakhiwa abalimi futhi njalo banisela.

Umhlaba wezilwane wezilwane

Izilwane zasolwandle ziyathandeka, kodwa, njengezimila, azifani ngokuhlukahluka. Izihlobo ezivame kakhulu ziyi-squirrels - izinja ze-prairie. Igama labo bazitholile ngenxa yezwi elihlabayo, elidlulisela eminye imiyalezo engozini. Izinja zezinkumbi zihlala emakoloni amakhulu. Bahlala emigodini yokwakhiwa okunzima kakhulu. Izindlu zingatholakala endaweni ejulile yamamitha amahlanu. Lezi zidalwa ziyakudla izilwane zasendle: ama-ferrets omnyama, i-falcon yamaMexico, ama-coyote, ama-badgers, ama-rattlesnake kanye nezikhwebu zasogwaja. Ngaphambili, izinkomo eziningi zezinkumbi zazihlala emaphandleni. Ngesinye isikhathi babeseduze nokuqothulwa, ngenxa yokuzingela okungenangqondo kubo. Kuze kube manje, lezi zilwane ezinkulu zivikelwe ngumthetho. Ama-Coyotes asemaningi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinyoni, kunezinhlanzi zemifino, amahansi aseCanada kanye namahansi.

Ukwandiswa kwemifula kwakhuthazwa ngemililo nangezinyoni

Indlela yokwazi, mhlawumbe namuhla akekho oyoba nombuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indawo eningi, uma kwakungeyona imililo kanye ne-bison efanayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kulezi zindawo amahlathi ayengase akhule isikhathi eside, ngokusho kwenhlabathi nezimo zezulu zendawo. Imililo ye-Elemental, ishisa yonke into emhlabathini, nezinkomo zezilwane, zidla ngokugcwele futhi zinyathelisa ukukhula okuncane, zenze umsebenzi wazo. Ososayensi badonsa iziphetho zabo, ngokusekelwe ezinkambisweni ezifanayo e-Afrika, lapho izindlovu zenza khona ukusabalala kwezimila ezisempumalanga. Yilapho lezi zindawo zakhiwa ... Bheka izithombe ze-prairie - ukuthi kuhle kanjani!