Izwe organic-Atlantic Ocean: izici kanye nencazelo

Izwe eziphilayo Atlantic incike lokushisa, usawoti kanye nezinye izici eziphawula amanzi kule ngxenye eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Imibandela ngenxa yokuphila eziphilayo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ngakho-ke, kukhona indawo linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa e-Atlantic, futhi ezindaweni babempofu lapho isibalo kwezilwane emashumini kunokuba amakhulu.

Indima eziphilayo ngendlela i-MO yemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izwe organic-Atlantic Ocean ihlangabezana nomthelela obonakalayo elide amanzi endaweni ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ukuhlukahlukana zezilwane nezitshalo wokuthinta izindawo ezinkulu eshalofini Continental, amanzi ayegeleza esuka ezweni nezinye izinto bemvelo. isikhala Sea, phansi kanye surf kukhona ekhaya izinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu imibuso ehlukene bemvelo Earth. Izimila nezilwane - yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu eyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo. Basuke uhlangabezana umthelela sezulu, amanzi Ukwakheka nezakhiwo amatshe ubhala phansi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, izwe organic-Atlantic Ocean inomthelela kwezinye izingxenye imvelo:

• ulwelwe ekucebiseni amanzi nomoya-mpilo;
• kwezimila zezitshalo nezilwane kuholela carbon dioxide okuqukethwe;
• amathambo ka amakoloni coelenterates bakha isisekelo izixhobo zamakhorali futhi iziqhingi;
• eziphilayo zimunce amanzi nosawoti wamaminerali, ukunciphisa isibalo sabo.

Organic Atlantic Umhlaba (kafushane)

Izinga lokushisa kanye usawoti kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube ezincane izidalwa eziphilayo ezakha plankton kanye ulwelwe. Lezi izinkomba ezibalulekile Nekton - izilwane, khulula-elintantayo kukholamu amanzi. Izici impumuzo eshalofini futhi nasemifantwini ephansi olwandle kunqunywa nezimpilo eziphilayo benthic - benthos. Phakathi naleli qembu, kukhona okuningi coelenterates kanye ezinamagobolondo. Kunezindlela eziningana izici Ukwakheka zilwane, esibonisa emhlabeni organic ase-Atlantic Ocean. Izithombe phansi ekujuleni kolwandle, kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, inikeza ithuba ubone ezihlukahlukene benthos ku Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu kanye elishisayo. amanzi okudoba Rich abavaleleke izindawo olunzulu zizalela plankton zokuzamazama esipholile futhi kushisa. Kulezi zifunda kukhona ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle kanye ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Ezindaweni High nasenyakatho naseningizimu yokwanda izinyoni ezahlukene abazondla phezu kwamanzi, mahhala kusuka iqhwa, futhi zizalela amakoloni oyakhayo ogwini.

phytoplankton

ulwelwe Unicellular ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye-plankton. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa diatoms, oluhlaza, flagellates nezinye ezincane ekwaziyo ye-photosynthesis. Bona bahlala kukholamu amanzi 100 m ukujula, kodwa kwabantu esiphezulu nasemkhakheni 50 m kuqala ebusweni bayo. Amandla emisebeni yelanga phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ezifudumele kuholela ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha phytoplankton - "ukuqhakaza" lamanzi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele nasezindaweni ezibandayo i-Atlantic Ocean.

izitshalo ezinkulu

Photosynthesizing oluhlaza, obomvu, ulwelwe ensundu nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezimila-MO ku - kuyingxenye ebalulekile eyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo. Ngenxa izitshalo ethola yomoya-mpilo ukuphefumula nezakhi umhlaba wonke organic ase-Atlantic Ocean. Uhlu phansi izimila noma phytobenthos ayihlanganisi ulwelwe, kodwa futhi abameleli angiosperms baye bazivumelanisa abahlala amanzi usawoti, ezifana lokuzalwa Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Lezi "ulwandle utshani" uthanda ifomu nenhlabathi ezithambile sublittoral ekujuleni ka-30 kuya ku-50 m izimfunda kwamanzi.

abameleli ejwayelekile ye izitshalo emashelufini yezwekazi e izingxenye abandayo nobumnene nhlangothi zombili yenkabazwe - kelp, ulwelwe obomvu (whelk). Banamathele emadwaleni phansi amatshe olulodwa. izimila Marine ezonini esishisayo ampofu ngenxa amazinga aphakeme okushisa insolation eside.
ukubaluleka Economic ulwelwe:

• esinsundu (kelp) - kudliwa ngezamadodana iodine, i-potassium ne algin;
• obomvu ulwelwe - izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukudla kanye eyenza imithi izimboni;
• brown Sargassum ulwelwe - umthombo algin.

zooplankton

Phytoplankton namagciwane kukhona ukudla izilwane herbivorous encanyana. Ngokukhululekile elintantayo kukholamu amanzi, bakha i-zooplankton. Kusekelwe abameleli yezwe emihle kunayo yonke-shellfish. Okukhulu zenziwe meso- futhi macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, jellyfish, cephalopods, izimfanzi nezinhlanzi ezincane).

Nekton futhi benthos

Kukhona iqembu elikhulu eziphilayo olwandle, ukwazi ukumelana namandla yamanzi ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile kwikholomu wakhe. Lezi amakhono babe izilwane zasemanzini medium and osayizi enkulu.

• Ezinamagobolondo. Ilungu le subtype of imfanzi, izinkalankala kanye lobster.
• Shellfish. abameleli ejwayelekile leqembu - scallop, izimbaza, ama-oyster, ama-squid futhi izingwane.
• Fish. General futhi imindeni superclass kuyizinto eziningi kunazo - anchovies, oshaka, plaice, sprat, salmon, ulwandle bass, capelin, ematheni, Pollock, haddock, i-halibut, sardines, i-herring, mackerel, ama-cod, i-tuna, i-hake.
• Ezihuquzelayo. Abambalwa abameleli - ulwandle izimfudu.
• Izinyoni. Sesha ukudla emanzini, ama-penguin albatross, petrels.
• ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Vysokorganizovannye izilwane - amahlengethwa, imikhomo, izimvu zamanzi, izimvu zamanzi.

Ngesisekelo izilwane benthic up, okuholela phansi indlela enamathiselwe wokuphila, ezifana coelenterates (kwamakhorali).

Izici ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo Atlantic

1. Engxenyeni yasenyakatho naseningizimu umcengezi iphawulwa khona nezilwane zinhlobo ezahlukene kanye izizukulwane.
2. Plankton zinhlobo kancane, kodwa abantu abaningi Imininingwane ifinyelela amagugu umxhwele, ikakhulukazi esipholile sezulu zone. Egajwe diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods futhi copepods (krill).
3. umkhiqizo High yemvelo - uphawu ephawula izici zezwe organic ase-Atlantic Ocean. Ngokuphongoza kwabantu ukuphila emanzini eduze esichingini saseNewfoundland, amanzi eningizimu-entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga lwe-Afrika, ezilwandle eziseceleni nemibhalo esempumalanga United States Shelf, eNingizimu Melika.
4. Tropical zone, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, - indawo okungekuhle for phytoplankton.
5. Nekton ukukhiqiza i-Atlantic Ocean eshalofini yezwekazi emthambekeni ingaphezu kwe ezindaweni ezifanayo izilwandle eduze. inhlanzi oqavile adla phytoplankton futhi zooplankton (anchovy, i-herring, mackerel, horse mackerel, nabanye). Emanzini evulekile babe commercial ukubaluleka tuna.
6. Ukujula zezilwane ezincelisayo - esinye sezici zomhlaba isilwane ase-Atlantic Ocean. Ekhulwini edlule, oFakazi baye nezabo. ekubhujisweni abalulekile, inombolo yehlile.
7. polyp Coral akuzona labamihibahiba ePacific Basin. Akukhona nje ulwandle izinyoka, izimfudu.

Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezichaza eziningi zalezi izici agcwele umhlaba organic ase-Atlantic Ocean. Isiphetho avela kubo bonke ngenhla kusikisela okulandelayo: izizathu umehluko ezihlobene ububanzi elincane Atlantic endaweni eshisayo, ukunwebeka ezifundeni athokomele nasezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngokuphambene, i-Pacific futhi Oceans Indian kukhona ngezinga elikhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Esinye isici ezathonya ubumpofu eyisihlobo Atlantic izilwane ukushisa-onothando - ithonya glaciation zokugcina, labo ababebanga ukuba lwaluyophola abalulekile ukuthi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe.

Izwe eziphilayo Atlantic: ukudoba izindawo

ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele futhi ezishisayo ku ama- wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi abacebile ukuphila. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi lenani kwezohwebo, - anchovies, Pollack, tuna, i-cod, i-hake, nabanye. It is misela ezincelisayo: imikhomo sea izingonyama. Ezinye izinhlobo kwemithombo yemvelo emelelwa mollusk ezinamagobolondo, ulwelwe ensundu abomvu. Ocean Izitshalo ezidla izilwane nokucubungula ezimbonini. clams Iningi kukhona uju, ezazaziswa ekhishini yamazwe amaningi (oyster, ama-squid, ingwane, scallop). Isici esifanayo kumele inikwe izilwane ezinamagobolondo, kuhlanganise ama-lobster, izimfanzi nezinkalankala.

Ukudoba futhi ukukhiqiza ukudla kwasolwandle uye wakwenza eyenziwa eshalofini endaweni emthambekeni ezwekazini. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva abathintekayo ayesekhona kwezomnotho Amanzi izindawo elalikade wazibonela ithonya njengoba donsile yabantu. Ngakho-ke, zaba zimbi izinkinga zemvelo kuphela ezindaweni ezisogwini, kodwa futhi wonke olwandle.