Igazi elikhulu kakhulu. I-radiactive gas radon: izakhiwo, izici, isigamu sokuphila

I-gas ingenye yezinto ezihlangene zendaba. Amagesi akhona hhayi emoyeni Emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa futhi emkhathini. Zihambisana nokukhululeka, ukungabi namandla, ukungazami. Ilula kakhulu i-hydrogen. Futhi yiliphi igesi eliyingozi kunazo zonke? Ake sithole.

Amagesi amakhulu kakhulu

Igama elithi "igesi" livela egameni lasendulo lesiGreki elithi "chaos". Izinhlayiyana zayo zihamba futhi zixhunyaniswe kalula. Bahamba ngokufudumele, bazigcwalisa nabo bonke isikhala esitholakalayo kubo. Igesi ingaba yinto elula futhi iqukethe ama-athomu womzimba owodwa, futhi ingaba isakhi seziningana.

I-gas elula kakhulu (ekamelweni lokushisa) yi-radon, ubukhulu bayo buyi-222 g / mol. It is radioactive futhi ngokuphelele colorless. Ngemuva kwalo, i-xenon enkulu kunawo wonke, inqwaba ye-atomiki engu-131 g / mol. I-gases esele esindayo yizinhlanganisela.

Phakathi kwamakhemikhali engavamile, igesi eliqhamuka kakhulu ekushiseni kwe-+20 ° C yi-tungsten (VI) i-fluoride. Ubuningi bayo buyi-297.84 g / mol, futhi ubukhulu bayo buyi-12.9 g / l. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, igesi elingenambala, emoyeni omanzi libhema bese liphenduka ubuluhlaza. I-tungsten i-hexafluoride iyasebenza kakhulu, iguqulelwa kalula ku-liquid uma ipholile.

Radon

Ukutholakala kwegesi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucwaninga nge-radioactivity. Phakathi nokuhlukaniswa kwezakhi ezithile, ososayensi babika ngokuphindaphindiwe into evezwe kanye nezinye izinhlayiyana. U-E. Rutherford wabiza ukuphuma.

Ngakho, ukuphuma kwe-thorium - thoron, i-radium - radon, i-actinium - i-actinone itholwe. Kamuva kwaqalwa ukuthi zonke lezi zivela yizona isotopes zento efanayo - igesi le-inert. URobert Gray noWilliam Ramsay baqala ukuyihlukanisa ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi balinganisa izindawo zayo.

Etafuleni le-Mendeleyev radon liyingxenye yeqembu le-18 elinombhalo we-athomu angu-86. Ikhona phakathi kwe-astatine neFrance. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, into ewugesi, ayinambitha, iphunga nombala.

Igazi lingamahloni angu-7.5 kunamafutha. Ihlakaza emanzini kangcono kunezinye izigesi ezinhle. Ku-solvents, lesi sibalo sikhulu nakakhulu. Kuwo wonke ama-gesi angenayo, iyona esebenzayo kakhulu, ehlangene kalula ne-fluorine ne-oxygen.

I-gasidon gas radon

Esinye sezici ze-element yi-radioactivity. I-Element ine-isotops engaba ngu-30: yemvelo emine, konke-okufakelwayo. Zonke azizinzile futhi zilawulwa ukubola kwe-radioactive. I-half-life ye- radon, ngokunembile, isotophi yayo ezinzile kakhulu, yizinsuku ezingu-3.8.

Ngenxa ye-radioactivity ephezulu, igesi ine-fluorescence. Esimweni esinamandla nesisetshenziselwa uketshezi, lesi sici sigcizelelwe nge-blue. I-radon eqinile iyashintsha i-palette yayo kusukela ophuzi kuze kube obomvu uma ihlile ekushiseni kwe-nitrogen - cishe -160 ^о С.

I-Radon ingaba yingozi kakhulu kubantu. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwayo, imikhiqizo enamandla engavamile yenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, i-polonium, iholayo, i-bismuth. Bathuthuka kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokulungisa nokuqoqa, lezi zinto zonakalisa umzimba. Ngemuva kokubhema, i-radon iyimbangela yesibili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Indawo nokusetshenziswa kwe-radon

Igazi elikhulu kunazo zonke lingenye yezinto ezixubhayo zomhlaba. Emvelweni i-radon ingxenye ye-ores nokuqukethwe kwe-uranium-238, i-thorium-232, i-uranium-235. Uma zibola, ikhishwa, iwele ngaphakathi kwe-hydrosphere nomkhathi womhlaba.

I-Radon iqoqa emfuleni nasemanzini olwandle, ezitshalweni nasemhlabathini, ezakhiweni zokwakha. Emkhathini, okuqukethwe kwayo kwanda ngomsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba, ngesikhathi kukhishwa ama-phosphates nomsebenzi weziteshi zamandla kagesi.

Ngosizo lwalesi gesi, kutholakala amaphutha we-tectonic, i-thorium ne-uranium. It isetshenziswa kwezolimo ukuze kusebenze ukudla pet. I-Radon isetshenziselwa imishini, lapho itadisha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ku-hydrology, ama-radon amabhuku adumile emithi.