Inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Milky Way galaxy

Phakathi kwazo zonke izidalwa zasezulwini ezihlonziwe, kunzima kakhulu ukusungula ukuthi iyiphi inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini wethu. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nemikhumbi emikhulu emkhathini kanye nobunzima bokubheka ngokuhlaziywa okulandelayo kwedatha etholakalayo. Namuhla, ososayensi bathole futhi babhalisa mayelana neziqhumane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu bukuvumela ukuba uhlole izingxenyana ezikude zendawo yonke futhi uthole ulwazi olusha mayelana nezinto.

Ukulinganisa nokusesha izimpendulo emkhathini

I-astrophysics yanamuhla eqhubekayo yokuhlola isikhala ihlale ibhekene nenqwaba yemibuzo. Isizathu salokhu ubukhulu obukhulu bendawo yonke ebonakalayo, cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye yokukhanya. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukubukela inkanyezi, kunzima ukulinganisa ibanga kulo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba uphume ukufuna incazelo, yiyiphi inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini wethu, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinga lokuyinkimbinkimbi kokubheka izinto zendawo.

Ngaphambili, ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-galaxy yethu ingenye. Ezinye izinkanyezi ezibonakalayo zazibhekwa njenge-nebulae. Kodwa u-Edwin Hubble wabhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu emibonweni yezwe elifundile. Uthi iminyango iningi, futhi okwethu akuyona enkulu kunazo zonke.

I-cosmos iyinkulu kakhulu

Imikhumbi eya emidlalweni eseduze inkulu kakhulu. Bafinyelela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kuzozibalo ze-astrophysicists, kunalokho kunenkinga ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini wethu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima nakakhulu ukukhuluma ngamanye ama-galaxi ngezinkulungwane zezinkanyezi, ekude kweminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka yokukhanya noma ngaphezulu. Ngenqubo yocwaningo, izinto ezintsha zivuliwe. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinkanyezi kuqhathaniswa futhi kunqunywa yiyona ehlukile kakhulu kunazo zonke.

I-Superger in Shield yezinkanyezi

Igama lenkanyezi enkulu emgumbini wethu nguJashi Shield, onamandla obomvu. Kuyinto inkanyezi eguquguqukayo, ubukhulu bayo obuhluka kusuka ku-1700 kuya ku-2000 amamitha we-Sun.

Ubuchopho bethu abukwazi ukumela izinto ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi yisiphi isayizi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa nalokho okuqondakalayo kithi. Ukuqhathanisa, isimiso sethu sobusuku sifanelekile. Ubungako benkanyezi bubanzi kakhulu kangangokuthi uma bubekwe endaweni yeS Sun, khona-ke umkhawulo womuntu ophakeme uzobe uhamba nge-Saturn.

Futhi iplanethi yethu noMars kuzoba ngaphakathi kwenkanyezi. Ibanga laleli "monster" lesikhala cishe iminyaka engu-9600 elula.

Inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini weMilky Way - UY Shield - ingabhekwa ngokuthi "inkosi" kuphela. Izizathu zisobala. Omunye wabo ubude besikhala esikhulu nothuli olumnyama, okulukhuni ukuthola idatha enembile. Enye inkinga ihlobene ngokuqondile nezinto ezibonakalayo eziphezulu. Njengoba ubukhulu obunamaphesenti angu-1700 ngaphezu komzimba wethu wasezulwini, inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini wethu unama-7-10 izikhathi eziningi. Kubonakala ukuthi ubukhulu bomuntu ophezulu buyizigidi izikhathi ezincane kune-air atmosphere. Ubuningi bayo bufana nomkhathi womhlaba endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakho-ke, kunenkinga enkulu ukubona ukuthi imingcele yenkanyezi iphelile yini futhi "umoya" wayo uqala.

Okwamanje, inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini wethu ekupheleni komjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Yandisa (inqubo efanayo izokwenzeka ngeLanga lethu ekupheleni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo) futhi yaqala ukushisa i-helium futhi nezinye izici ezinzima ngaphezu kwe-hydrogen. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyizigidi eziningana, inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini - UY Shield - izophenduka ibe yinto ephuzi ephuzi. Futhi esikhathini esizayo - ngokuhluka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi mhlawumbe ku-star-Wolf-Rayet.

Kanye ne "inkosi" - i-UJ Shield enkulu kakhulu - ungabhala ngezinkanyezi eziyishumi ezinamanani afanayo. Lezi zihlanganisa i-VY Big Dog, i-Cepheus A, i-NML Cygnus, i-WOH G64 VV kanye nenamba yabanye.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi zonke izinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi zizinzile kakhulu. Izinkanyezi ezinjalo zingase zibe khona ngezigidi zeminyaka, futhi ezinkulungwaneni eziningana, ziphetha umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ngendlela yesimo se-supernova noma umgodi omnyama.

Inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke emgumbini: ukusesha kuyaqhubeka

Ukuqaphela izinguquko ezinkulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, kudingeke ukuthi sicabange ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuqonda kwethu kwemingcele yezinsizakalo ezihlukile kuzohlukahluka kulabo ababeyaziwa ngaphambili. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo enye ingcono kakhulu izovulwa, ngekhulu noma ubukhulu obukhulu. Futhi ukutholakala okusha kuzokwenza ososayensi bahlaziye izinqubo ezitholwa ngaphambilini kanye nezincazelo.