I dollar yaseMelika. Umlando wenkambo

Namuhla imali enkulu yomhlaba iyin dollar yase-US . Umlando wezinga lokushintshanisa lale ngxenye yezimali ngokuphathelene neRuble yaseRussia ivela ngesikhathi lapho i-United States of America ithola ukuzimela futhi yakha uhlelo lwezimali lwezwe elisha.

Phakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Imali yase-US noMbuso waseRussia kwakuyi-metal kuphela imali. Ama-papernotes aqala ukufaka ukusakazwa kuphela ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yomphakathi e-United States, okungukuthi, ngo-1861-1865. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo ezimbili zemali eziqhutshwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eMbusweni waseRussia: izinhlamvu zemali zesiliva kanye namabhange.

Izinguquko ezingeni lokushintshaniswa kwe-dollar-ruble ekuqedeni izinga legolide

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2, 1792, ukubaluleka kwemali yaseMelika kwakunamathele ngokuqinile negolide. Lesi siqondiso sasikelwe ngumthetho we-US Congress. Ngokwalesi sinqumo, izici ezingaguquki ze dollar yegolide zasungulwa. Ngakho-ke, idoli elilodwa lilinganisa i-1.60493 amagremu noma i-24.75 grit, futhi isilinganiso salo esilingana neyunithi yezimali yamaRashiya eRussia yayingu-1 kuya ku-1.39 rublekhi. Izingcaphuno ezinjalo zagcinwa kuze kufike ngo-1834, lapho kunqunywe ukunikeza imingcele elandelayo kwi-dollar yegolide: ama-23.25 okusanhlamvu noma i-1.50463 g yegolide. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, izinga lokushintshanisa lwemali kazwelonke ngokumelene ne-ruble lishintshiwe futhi lalingu-1 kuya ku-1.3.

Ngo-1897 ukuguqulwa kweWitte kwasetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalezi zenzakalo, izinga le-ruble elisha legolide elibhekene neDola laseMelika lishintshiwe futhi laliyi-1.94. Lesi sibalo saqhubeka kuze kube sekuqhamuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Isimo ngenkambo esikhathini esilandelayo sokuvuselela

Noma kunjalo, izenzakalo ezishintshayo eRussia, iMpi Yomphakathi kanye nokukhathazeka kwezomnotho okuqhubekayo kwabangela ukuhlaziywa okubi kwe-ruble. Ngakho-ke, uma ngo-1916 isilinganiso se-dollar yase-US ne-ruble sisezingeni lika-1 kuya ku-6.7, bese ngonyaka ngonyaka izinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali yaseMelika lenyukela ku-11. Ngemva kwalokho, kuze kube yilapho i-USSR idalwe, i-ruble yancipha ngesivinini esisheshayo. Kwabe sekukhona isilinganiso esiphezulu se dollar. Ngo-1924, iSoviet Union yenze izinguquko zemali, eyathinta kakhulu isimo sezimali zezimali zasekhaya. I-rubber yaseSoviet yanikezwa ngegolide ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi esifana noMbuso waseRussia. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-ruble langaphambilini nge-dollar yase-US libuyiselwe - 1.94. Kuze kufike ngo-1934, lokhu isilinganiso kwahlala kungashintshi.

Ngo-1934, i-United States yayisesimweni sokuthi "Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu" - into engathinteki nje kuphela uhulumeni ngokwawo, kodwa futhi nedola. Umlando wenkambo uyashintsha. Ukuphepha kwegolide kwezimali zaseMelika kuncishisiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungu-0.888661 amagremu ensimbi eyigugu. I-ruble ye-Soviet iqiniswe ngokumelene ne-dollar, futhi izingcaphuno zaziyi-1 kuya ku-1.24 ngokuxhasa imali yase-US.

Iminyaka yesilinganiso esinqunyiwe sokushintshaniswa

Kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1950, isilinganiso sokushintshaniswa esitebeleni se-Soviet ruble sisungulwa ngokuqondene neyunivesithi yezimali kazwelonke e-United States ezingeni lika-1 kuya ku-4. Lesi simo asizange sishintshe kuze kulungiswe ushintsho lwemali e-USSR ngo-1961. Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuya phambili, isilinganiso esinqunyiwe phakathi kwezezimali ezimbili sisethwe ku-0.90 ruble nge dollar iminyaka eyishumi. Umlando wezinga lokushintshaniswa kweDola yama-US ukuya ku-ruble kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kufike ukuwa kwe-USSR.

Ukushintshwa kwesilinganiso sokushintshwa kuma-70-90

Eminyakeni eyalandela, isilinganiso se-ruble Soviet ngokuphathelene ne-US unit yamali njalo sashintshashintsha. Lezi zinguquko zithonywe yizinto ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwedola. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1972 no-1973, Isilinganiso sasingama-kopecks angu-80 nge-dollar. Umlando wenkambo eminyakeni engama-15 ezayo yabhala ukuqiniswa kwe-ruble, izingcaphuno ezisemthethweni zazingamaphesenti angu-75 nge-dollar yase-US. Yiqiniso, kakade kule minyaka kwakukhona okuthiwa "umakethe omnyama", lapho idola lalibiza kakhulu. Kodwa lesi sakhiwo sokuhweba esithile sathola ukubaluleka okhethekile kuma-80s, lapho i-USSR isenkingeni ejulile, futhi iRuble yaseSoviet yaqhubeka ngokusemthethweni ukuqinisa ngokumelene nemali yase-US. Ngaleso sikhathi idola lalifaneleke ngamakhokhi angama-60, izinga lokuhweba iBhange likaHulumeni laseSoviet Union laliyi-1 kuya ku-1.75 ngokuthanda idola, futhi emakethe emnyama imali yaseMelika ingathengwa ngama-ruble angu-30-33 aseSoviet.