Imbongi Dzhordzh Bayron: Biography nemisebenzi

Dzhordzh Bayron, isithombe kanye biography ozosithola kulesi sihloko, is kufanele kubhekwe omkhulu Imbongi eyiNgisi. Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe - 1788-1824. Nge kwenkathi Romanticism is atehlukaniseki lokusungula uGeorge Byron. Qaphela ukuthi Romanticism eyaphakama ngasekupheleni 18th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 waseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Lokhu kuthambekela zobuciko sekukhona ngenxa French Revolution Yokukhanyiselwa, ephathelene nayo.

romanticism Byron

Abantu abaye bazama ukucabanga kancane bebengeneme umphumela lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo Inqubomgomo sigqamiswe. Romance ngenxa lokhu kuqhekeka kwaba amakamu amabili aphikisanayo. Ezinye wabiza umphakathi ukubuyela endleleni wezinzalamizi wokuphila, emasikweni Ephakathi, ukulahla ikhambi izinkinga esiphuthumayo. Abanye ngokuthi njengoba liqhubeka icala lika-French Revolution. Babefuna ukwenza izimiso inkululeko, ukulingana kanye ithimba labantu abanentshisekelo. Dzhordzh Bayron bahlanganyela nalo kubo. Eyenziwa nguhulumeni Inqubomgomo umbuso waseBrithani wamakoloni, yena ngqo wakhuza. Byron wakulahla kwemukelwa imithetho anti-abantu, futhi kucindezela. Lona wawenza ukungeneliseki kakhulu kuhulumeni.

Life ekudingisweni

Ngo 1816, imbongi waqala ngokumelene umkhankaso nobutha. Kwakudingeka ahambe unomphela England lwakubo. Odingisiwe kwelinye izwe iqhaza emzabalazweni LamaGreki futhi Italian Carbonari izihlubuki sokuzibusa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa A. Pushkin kubhekwe wayeyisazi imbongi-umdlwembe. I eyiNgisi lavuselelwa omkhulu phakathi Decembrists. Belinsky, i umhlaziyi ovelele isiRashiya, futhi ayizange iphumelele ukunakekela kwakhe. Mayelana Byron ekhuluma njengoba imbongi, owenza umnikelo omkhulu izincwadi emhlabeni. Ingabe ufuna ukumazi kangcono? Siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde umlando eningiliziwe Byron.

Umsuka Byron

Yazalwa ngo-London ngo-January 22, 1788 umsuka walo kwaba okusezingeni eliphezulu kusuka bobabili ubaba uhlangothi lukamama. Futhi Dzhon Bayron, futhi Ketrin Gordon zazivela Izicukuthwane eliphakeme. Noma kunjalo, imbongi lidlule ebuntwaneni ngaphansi kwezimo zobumpofu obukhulu.

Iqiniso lokuthi Dzhon Bayron, Guards isikhulu (ngenhla), wayephila ukuphila kokutamasa kakhulu. Uyise imbongi wayesaphaze ngesikhathi esifushane sithi ezimbili ezinkulu okuyinto wayeseya kuye evela ngowokuqala futhi kusukela unkosikazi wesibili, umama womfana. umshado yokuqala kaJohane eyindodakazi Awugustu. Wakhuliswa ugogo, futhi kuphela 1804 waqala ubungane bakhe stepbrother.

esewusana

Abazali ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa George bahlakazeka. Ubaba waya eFrance, wafela khona. Edolobheni Scottish of Aberdeen senzeka ekuqaleni ebuntwaneni imbongi esizayo. Lapha wafunda esikoleni lolimi. Ekupheleni wesithathu grade izwi evela eNgilandi ukuthi omkhulu-umalume George wafa. Ngakho Byron ngofuzo isihloko Nkosi ashukumiseleke Newstead Abbey - patrimony, elise Nottingham County.

Futhi le nqaba futhi ifa ubekade labhidlika. Izimali ukubuyiselwa kwabo akwanele. Ngakho-ke, unina uGeorge Byron aqasha Newstead Abbey. Yena luqobo, kanye nendodana yakhe esezinzile Southwell eseduze.

Lokho empunga yobuntwana ebusheni bakhe Byron?

Esakhula Byron empunga hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuntula izimali. Iqiniso lokuthi UGeorge wayeneminyaka ilunyonga. Odokotela yasungulwa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ukuba abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha Limp, kodwa ayizange iphumelele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umama Byron kwakungu uhlamvu engazinzile ezaziwayo. Yena uhlambalaze indodana ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini impikiswano emzimbeni ukuthi iye yabangela ukuhlupheka ezijulile ensizweni.

Imfundo e Harrow

George e 1801, wangena esikoleni boarding e Harrow. Yaklanyelwa izingane wohlanga. Lapha salungiselela osomaqhinga esizayo nabezombusazwe. Robert Peel, kamuva owaba ungqongqoshe wezangaphakathi futhi kamuva undunankulu England, bafundelwa ekilasini okufanayo imbongi olukhulu olungakaze George Gordon Byron. Biography of hero wethu uyaqhubeka izenzakalo ekuphileni kwakhe siqu.

uthando kuqala

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-15, ngo-1803, Byron wathandana Mary Chavort. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi samaholidi. Yena wayemdala kunezingane George iminyaka engu-2. Ndawonye, bachitha isikhathi esiningi. Nokho, lo mngane awuzange ukuqeda emshadweni. Uthando kaMariya iminyaka ihlushwe umphefumulo romantic imbongi Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Biography emfushane selichaza iminyaka yakhe umfundi, George.

studentship

Le nsizwa 1805 waba umfundi eCambridge University. Isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa bekusikhathi ngengozi, ukujabulela futhi kumnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, George asithandayo ezemidlalo. Wayelethwa wahlanganyela isibhakela, ukubhukuda, uthango, ogibele ihhashi. Waqhubeka ngomunye ababhukudi engcono eNgilandi Dzhordzh Bayron. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo kuye, akunjalo? Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yayinesithakazelo ukufunda. Ngokushesha, abaningi baqala ukuqaphela ukuthi Byron inkumbulo lokukwazi. Wakwazi ngekhanda kumbhalo wamakhasi lonke.

Iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo

Nsizwa eshicilelwe iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo, kuyilapho usengumfundi e 1806. Wabiza incwadi yakhe "Die imidwebo." Ngemva konyaka kwakukhona iqoqo "Tinkondlo kaningana" kanti eyesithathu yesibili - "Amahora yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani."

"Bards British," Dzhordzh Bayron

Biography emfushane futhi wethula abafundi kobunzima ngakho kulo hambo ekuphileni kwakhe. Ikakhulukazi, ephephabhukwini "Edinburgh Buyekeza" e 1808 kwabonakala Ukubuyekeza engaziwa. It waphakamisela chwaneka imisebenzi esingaziwa Byron. Wabhala ukuthi akazange akhulume ulimi izincwadi samazisa ukufundisa izinkondlo, hhayi ukushicilela amavesi Clumsy. Dzhordzh Bayron ephendula, ekhishwe 1809 inkondlo "I bards yaseBrithani." umkhiqizo kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Inkondlo samelana edishini ezine.

Uhambo yeminyaka emibili wenze Dzhordzh Bayron

Umlando Omfushane imakwe uhambo lwakhe eneminyaka emibili lapho Byron waya ekupheleni 1809 eseqedile ngesikhathi ngenkondlo okuthiwa "Ngo ezinyathelweni Horace", futhi wadala olusankondlo travel amanothi. Izikhangibavakashi babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu ukuthuthukiswa lokusungula futhi isipho esankondlo Byron. uhambo lwakhe lwaluqala nge Portugal, ngemva kwalokho George wavakashela isiqhingi saseMelitha, Spain, Albania, Greece, ngokuthi iConstantinople. Ehlobo lika-1811, Byron baphindela eNgilandi. Lapha ezwa ukuthi unina ubangwa nezibi. Nokho, George ayikwazanga ukuthola kwabo ephilile.

"Engcwele Childe uHarold"

George umhlalaphansi Newstead waya ukusebenza inkondlo yakhe entsha, alibiza ngokuthi "Childe uHarold engcwele." Nokho, lapho lo msebenzi waphela, umhleli Murray ubeke phambili imfuneko ukuwakhipha kusuka ngala mavesi nkondlo, angewona zezombusazwe. Dzhordzh Bayron, ogama biography kufakazela ukuthi uthando zakhe inkululeko, wenqaba yenza umsebenzi.

Ukubona Childe uHarold Byron emelela izici iqhawe elisha, ngubani okushayisanayo ezingahlangani nokuziphatha kanye nomphakathi. Ukuhlobana ngale ndlela kuqinisekiswe impumelelo enkondlweni. It liye lahunyushelwa cishe zonke izilimi zomhlaba. Ngokushesha igama Childe uHarold isibe vu yasendlini. Libhekisela badumazeke ku Umuntu ophelele, osuke waphikisana ngokumelene Eqinisweni, enobutha negcwele ukukhonza kuye.

Umsebenzi e House of Lords

Wanquma ukuvikela isikhundla salo, hhayi kuphela evesini. ngokushesha Dzhordzh Bayron wathatha isihlalo House of Lords, okuyinto wawela imbongi ngofuzo. ENgilandi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ethandwa kakhulu ludditskoe Movement, ungaphakathi wokumelana Abeluki imishini ihlanganisa yavela. Iqiniso lokuthi ezishintshayo umsebenzi abaningi babo abasele ngaphandle umsebenzi. Futhi labo wakwazi ukuthola ke kwehle kakhulu inkokhelo. Abantu babone okuyimbangela yobubi e- ke uzothatha inqama eyodwa , baqala ukuphithizela awabhubhise.

Uhulumeni unqume aphase umthetho, owawuthi labo ababhubhisa imishini kwakufanele agwetjelwe ukufa. Byron wenza inkulumo ePhalamende bephikisana enjalo bill akunabuntu. George uthe isimo ezihloselwe ukuvikela izintshisekelo izakhamuzi, futhi monopolists ezingembalwa. Nokho, naphezu imibhikisho yakhe, umthetho yamukelwa Februwari 1812

Kukhona-ke waqala ngokwesabekayo ngokumelene Abeluki, yona eyaqala ukwenza i asilahle ekufeni, ekudingisweni ekudingisweni, bazibophe. Byron ayizange wahlala ukude ngalezi zenzakalo, futhi ishicilelwe ODE ngolaka, okuyinto wadalula abalobi yomthetho. Ngibhale ukuthi Dzhordzh Bayron anayo le minyaka? Uchungechunge izinkondlo romantic babevela usiba lwayo. Sitshele kafushane ngazo.

"Inkondlo Eastern"

Dzhordzh Bayron ngo-1813 edala uchungechunge izinkondlo romantic. Ngo-1813, kwakunabamemezeli "Giaour" futhi "Umlobokazi Abydos," e 1814 - "Lara" futhi "Le Corsaire", e 1816 - "isikhathi eside eKorinte." Esikhathini izincwadi bebizwa "East inkondlo."

Ukuchitheka komshado

Imbongi eyiNgisi Dzhordzh Bayron ngoJanuwari 1815 washada Annabella Milbenk. Lo intombazane kusukela ahlukile umndeni wezinzalamizi. Umlingani Byron waphikisana nomsebenzi wakhe yomphakathi, kuphambene ngokucacile izinga uhulumeni. Umndeni ngenxa Kwavela ukuxabana.

Lo mbhangqwana ngoDisemba 1815, saba nendodakazi owayebalwa Adoy Avgustoy. Futhi ngo-January 1816, umkakhe kwesokunxele Byron ngaphandle incazelo. Abazali bakhe ngokushesha ohlelweni amacala ezehlukaniso. Byron ngalesi sikhathi wadala ezinye imisebenzi abazinikezele uNapoleon, okuyinto waveza umbono wokuthi, ezilwa Bonaparte, eNgilandi wabakhipha abantu bakhe eziningi zosizi.

Byron isuke eNgilandi

Isehlukaniso "okungalungile" ukubukwa zezombusazwe okwaholela ukuthi imbongi waqala kokuyenga. Amaphephandaba aye ulele enjalo i scandal sezingeni lokuba Byron ayikwazanga nje ukuphuma emgwaqweni. Wahamba ekhaya ngo-Ephreli 26, 1816 futhi angiphindanga ngabuyela eNgilandi. Inkondlo zokugcina ebhaliwe emazweni azo endabuko, babe "mavesi ukuba Augusta", elalinikezelwe isigamu-udade we Byron, okwakuwuphawu usekelo kuye sonke lesi sikhathi futhi wasekela George umoya zokudala.

isikhathi Swiss

Okokuqala, Byron wafuna abahlala eFrance, bese e-Italy. Nokho, iziphathimandla French wamenqabela ukuba bahlale emizini, okuvumela nje ukushayela ezweni lonke. Ngakho-ke, George waya eSwitzerland. Wahlala at Lake Geneva, Villa Diodati. ESwitzerland, wahlangana no baba abangane ngalo kanye uShelley. inkathi yokuhlala kuleli zwe - kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-October 1816 Ngalesi sikhathi zadalwa le nkondlo "Ubumnyama", "Dream", "The Prisoner of Chillon". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Byron waqala ukuba ababhalele enye inkondlo "uManfred" futhi wadala canto wesithathu "Childe uHarold." Ngemva kwalokho, waya Venice.

Ujwayele Guiccioli, nengxenye ukuhamba Carbonari

Lapha-ke bajwayelana Countess Guiccioli lapho Byron sathandana. Lo wesifazane ashade, kodwa wazitholela asho umbhali nkondlo ukubuya. Noma kunjalo, Countess ngokushesha waya Ravenna nomyeni wakhe.

Ngakho-ke, nganquma ukuthuthela ngemva abethandana naye e Ravenna. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1819. Lapha wahileleka kakhulu ukuhamba Carbonari owaphana 1821 waqala amalungiselelo kuvukela. Nokho, ongakabi usuqalile, ngoba amanye amalungu nhlangano zazizinhle amambuka.

Dlulisela ku Pisa

Ngo 1821 Dzhordzh Gordon kuhanjiswe ku Pisa. Lapha ayephila nge Countess Guiccioli, wayeseyitholile abahlukanisile. Shelley futhi wayehlala emzini, kodwa ekwindla ka 1822 ukuthi waminza. Byron kusuka 1821 kuya 1823 wadala imisebenzi elandelayo: "Marino Faliero", "Sardanapalus", "The Two Foscari," "Wezulu Nomhlaba", "uKhayini", "Werner". Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala idrama wakhe onesihloko esithi "freak Waguqulwa", awasalayo sidle.

Byron wadala edumile "Don Giovanni" esikhathini kusuka 1818 kuya 1823. Nokho, Lo msebenzi omkhulu, futhi washiya sidle. George ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wakhe ukuze iqhaza emzabalazweni ukuzimela kwabantu ngesiGreki.

Ukubamba iqhaza emzabalazweni ngokuzijamela abantu Greek

Byron ekwindla ka 1822 wathuthela Genoa, bese kwesokunxele ngoba Missolongi (ngo-December 1823). Nokho, eGrisi, kanye phakathi Italian Carbonari, ukungabi nobunye phakathi izihlubuki uyalandelwa. Byron wachitha eziningi umzamo bezama zenze amavukelambuso. George wachitha umsebenzi kakhulu yenhlangano, uzama ukudala ibutho olulodwa eyisihlubuki. ayesinda ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ukuphila imbongi sika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayenobuhlobo abandayo. Byron yabhala ngosuku lwakhe wama-36 lokuzalwa senkondlo, kusengathiwa "Namuhla, ngineminyaka engu-36 ubudala."

Ukufa Byron

Wacasuka kakhulu ngoba yokugula Ada, indodakazi yakhe. Nokho, maduzane nje, Byron wathola incwadi nomlayezo ukuthi waphulukiswa. George ukugubha, ukukhwezwa ihhashi lakhe, bahamba sishaywe umoya. Nokho, imvula enkulu waqala, elaba ebulalayo embongini abandayo. ukuphila uGeorge Byron sika yelashwa Apreli 19, 1824.

Byron yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-izincwadi emhlabeni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakukhona ngisho Umkhuba omusha lonke eyaziwa ngokuthi "Byronism" okuyinto sabonakala imisebenzi Lermontov futhi Pushkin. Kepha eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ithonya imbongi wazizwa Genrih Geyne, uViktor Gyugo, u-Adamu Mitskevich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkondlo Byron sika kwakheka isisekelo zomculo usebenza Roberta Shumana, uHector Berlioz futhi iPetra Chaykovskogo. Kuze kube namuhla, izincwadi kukhona umphumela imbongi enjalo uGeorge Byron. Biography kanye lokusungula kwezinhloso zenzuzo yayo abacwaningi abaningi.