I-apharathasi begodu ukusebenza kwesimiso motor lokungeniswa. Okungavumelanisiwe motor lwemsebenti: ukusebenza isimiso, incazelo kanye umsebenzi

Njenganoma izinjini eziningi, AC lokungeniswa motor (BP), has a ingxenye engaguquki yangaphandle okukhulunywa njengendlela stator kanye Rotor ujikelezisa ngaphakathi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona kubalwa ngokucophelela emoyeni igebe.

Isebenza kanjani?

Design kanye nokusebenza kwama-motor indlela, njengazo zonke abanye, kusekelwe iqiniso lokuthi actuate ukunyakaza Rotor usebenzisa magnetic field ngokushintshana. Ezintathu okhombisa AD uhlobo kuphela motor, lapho kudalwa ngendlela ejwayelekile ngenxa yemvelo kwamandla. Ngo DC motors lisebenzisa mechanical noma usuke electronic, futhi eyodwa-isigaba AD - izingxenye engeziwe kagesi.

Ukuze usebenze motor, kumele ube amasede amabili electromagnets. Isimiso yokusebenza motor lokungeniswa wukuthi kwakhiwa isethi eyodwa is in the stator ngokuthi emazombezombe exhunywe AC lwaluvelaphi. Ngokomthetho Lenz sika, eyenza e Rotor kazibuthe kagesi yiwona (EMF) ngendlela efanayo njengoba voltage eyenga e secondary emazombezombe we transformer, ukudala enye isethi electromagnets. Ngakho ngelinye igama BP - lokungeniswa motor. I-apharathasi begodu ukusebenza kwama-motor indlela kusekelwe isimiso ukuthi budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye kazibuthe yalezi electromagnets yakha amandla torsional. Ngenxa yalokho, Rotor uzungeza ohlangothini torque okuholela.

stator

I stator siqukethe amapuleti eziningi ezondile aluminium noma insimbi inkatho. Basuke bezama nomunye ukwakha eziyize core isilinda nge anemifantu. Basuke wabeka izintambo ukushisa namakhaza. Ngamunye iqembu Windings kanye core ezungeze ngemva kokufaka ke izinhlobo kushintshana electromagnet zamanje. Isibalo AD izingongolo kuncike uxhumano sangaphakathi Windings stator. Wenziwe yokuthi lapho yokuxhuma umthombo wamandla kwakhiwa ujikelezisa kazibuthe.

Rotor

Rotor siqukethe eziningana mncane amapuleti steel nge nombala ngokufanele mayelana azungeze aluminium izinduku noma ithusi. Ngo uhlobo yayo ethandwa kakhulu - shorted noma "squirrel yezinyoni", - enisemikhawulweni izinduku ziya athutha futhi kagesi zixhunywe emasongweni. Cishe u-90% BP isebenzisa lo mklamo, ngoba ilula futhi ethembekile. Rotor siqukethe cylindrical core laminated nge anemifantu axially parallel wahlela ukuba ukufakwa babashayeli. Ngo inkatho ngamunye induku eqhuma ithusi, aluminium noma ingxubevange. Ziyakwazi sesiwancamulile nhlangothi zombili ekupheleni izindandatho. Lo mklamo ufana yezinyoni squirrel, ngenxa yalokho kanye got igama elifanele.

Slots Rotor akuyona ngempela zifana le kushaft. Zenziwa nge skew elincane ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala ukuqinisekisa ekusebenzeni wegazi ngokunciphisa umsindo kazibuthe kanye Harmonics. Eyesibili ukunciphisa amathuba we snagging Rotor: kwamazinyo aso bahlanganyele slot stator ngenxa ngqo kazibuthe Luhambo therebetween. Lokhu kwenzeka uma inombolo sawo siyafana. Rotor ogibele kushaft esebenzisa amabombo ekupheleni ngamunye. Omunye okuyingxenye ngokuvamile kunabanye, ngokuba ukushayela umthwalo. Kwezinye izinjini ekupheleni esingenzi lutho oluthi ukukhwezwa isivinini izinzwa noma isikhundla.

Phakathi stator futhi Rotor kukhona igebe emoyeni. Ngokusebenzisa ukudluliswa amandla. Torque elakhiwe kubangela Rotor ukushintshanisa futhi umthwalo. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo Rotor, amalungiselelo kanye nokusebenza kwesimiso motor lokungeniswa uhlala ingashintshiwe. Ngokuvamile, umfutho wegazi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka inani stator Windings. Hlukanisa emkhatsini motors olulodwa futhi ezintathu isigaba kagesi.

Design kanye nokusebenza owodwa esigabeni lokungeniswa motor

Single-isigaba blood pressure zaba ingxenye kunazo zonke kwezingu-motors kagesi. Kunengqondo ukuthi okungenani ezibizayo nokunjengoshizi ukusevisa injini elisetshenziswe kaningi. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, inhloso, isenzo isimiso lokungeniswa motor yalolu hlobo zisekelwe khona stator eyodwa kuphela emazombezombe futhi owodwa esigabeni umthombo wamandla. Konke lokhu uhlobo blood pressure Rotor kuyinto squirrel.

Single-isigaba motors ungaqali bebodwa. Lapho imoto ixhunywe kwamandla ngu-main emazombezombe uhlelo lokwabelana ngamafayela uqala ukugeleza. Kungenisa inkambu pulsed kazibuthe. Ngenxa Rotor lokungeniswa is nginomdlandla. Kusukela main magnetic field pulses, torque okudingekayo ukuze uphendukisa motor, is awenziwanga. Rotor iqala dlidliza kunokuba Phendula. Ngakho-ke, i-single-isigaba AD kudinga isibangeli. Linganikeza umfutho kokuqala, okubangela kushaft ukuhambisa.

Ukuqala indlela eyodwa okhombisa blood pressure bahlanganisa ikakhulu stator ezengeziwe emazombezombe. Angakwazi uphelezela capacitor uchungechunge futhi ushintshe centrifugal. Lapho amandla kagesi supply zamanje ukuba voltage main emazombezombe lags ngemuva ngenxa ukumelana layo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ugesi e starting emazombezombe obangela noma ngaphambi supply voltage ngokuvumelana impedance of inhlamvu. Ukuxhumana phakathi kazibuthe eyenziwe main emazombezombe futhi wesifunda kokuqala edonsa nomphumela kazibuthe. It uzungeza kwelinye direction. Rotor siqala ukushintsha bebheke nomphumela kazibuthe.

Lapho ijubane motor ifinyelela ama-75% kwenani eliyimali, inkinobho centrifugal iyanqamula ekuqaleni emazombezombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini singalondoloza torque engu esanele usebenze ngokuzimela. Ngaphandle motors nge isiqalo capacitor okhethekile, bonke izinjini owodwa esigabeni, ngokujwayelekile lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla esingeqile Watts 500. Kuye izindlela ezahlukene sokuqala, AD owodwa isigaba eminye bahlukanisa, njengoba kuchazwe izigaba ezilandelayo.

BP yokuhlukanisa isigaba

kudivayisi Isabelo kanye nokusebenza motor indlela nge isigaba yokuhlukanisa esekelwe ukusetshenziswa therein we Windings ezimbili kanye core kokuqala. Sokuqalisa wenziwe ezincane wire ubukhulu nokumbalwa uphendulela isihlobo main, ukwakha nenkani. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba Orient nozibuthe engela. Uhluka isiqondiso main kazibuthe, okuholela ukujikeleza Rotor. ikhoyili Operating elenziwe izintambo of ububanzi emikhulu, motor usebenza lonke isikhathi.

Esizoqala uphansi, ngokuvamile kusukela 100 kuya 175% ngokulinganisa. Injini isebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu sokuqala zamanje. He is izikhathi 7-10 njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo bokuzisholo. torque engu Maximum futhi izikhathi 2.5-3.5 ngaphezulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-motor isetshenziswa grinder encane, abalandeli kanye izimpimpi, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ongaphakeme torque engu umthamo Watts kusuka 40 kuya ku-250. Gwema ukusetshenziswa izinjini ezifana lapho imijikelezo kaningi ku-off noma zidinga torque engu okusezingeni eliphezulu.

BP ukuqala capacitor

Epholisayo uhlobo lokungeniswa motor futhi isimiso yayo operation isekelwe yokuthi ikhoyili seziqala yokuhlukanisa isigaba capacitance bayo ixhumeke chungechunge, ukuhlinzeka isiqalo "ishayela". Njengasekhulwini ezahlukeneyo yangaphambilini ye izinjini, kukhona inkinobho centrifugal. It ikhubaza wesifunda ukuqala lapho ijubane motor ifinyelela 75% ngokulinganisa. Kusukela capacitor ixhunywe ku uchungechunge, kwakha sokuqala torque engu enkulu, ukufinyelela 4.2-nesibaya we yokusebenza. A wamanje ukuqala ngokoqobo okuzisholo izikhathi 4,5-5,75, okuyinto kakhulu ngaphansana esimweni yokuhlukanisa okhombisa, ngenxa izintambo emikhudlwana e-kokuqala emazombezombe.

Samuntu Ushintshe kuyahluka motor ukuziqalela futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Kulesi hlobo injini umthamo indawo a Resistor. Ukumelana isetshenziswa lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ephansi sokuqala torque engu kuka usebenzisa capacitor. Ngaphezu nezindleko eziphansi, awusebenzi ukunikeza izinzuzo phezu isiqalo capacitive. Lezi izinjini asetshenziswa amayunithi ngebhande drive: zokuthutha encane, abalandeli ezinkulu kanye amaphampu, kanye kumadivayisi amaningi drive ngqo noma nge igiya.

AD nge zokusebenza capacitor isigaba-ukuguquguquka

I-apharathasi begodu nomsebenzi we-motor lokungeniswa yalolu hlobo zisekelwe uxhumano unomphela capacitor ixhumeke uchungechunge nge ekuqaleni emazombezombe. Ngemva kokuphuma injini ngesivinini ukalwe iba asizayo sokuqala wesifunda. Kusukela isitsha kufanele yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, asikwazi ukunikeza kokuqala ishayela sokuqala capacitor. Yokuqala torque engu lokhu ongaphakeme motor. He is 30-150% we bokuzisholo. Ukuqala lamanje lincane - ngaphansi kuka-200% we okuzisholo, okwenza motors kagesi kunjongo uhlobo lapho kudingeka khona njalo ukushintsha futhi off.

Lo mklamo kunezinzuzo eziningana. ISu kalula Ushintshe ukusetshenziswa ne isilawuli isivinini. motors kagesi kungenziwa amisiwe for ukusebenza kahle elikhulu futhi yamandla aphezulu isici. Basuke wacabangela onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke mayelana motors owodwa esigabeni ngokuvamile ngoba centrifugal isiqalo inkinobho alisetshenziswa kubo. Zisetshenziswa abalandeli izimpimpi, futhi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa idivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-izindlela ukulungiswa, izinhlelo sokuvula amasango igalaji iminyango.

BP ne ukuqala futhi egijima capacitor

I-apharathasi begodu ukusebenza kwesimiso motor lokungeniswa yalolu hlobo zisekelwe ezilandelanayo sokuqala capacitor exhunywe kwi-ikhoyili kokuqala. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala torque engu ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has capacitor unomphela ixhumeke uchungechunge ne asizayo emazombezombe ngemuva kokuqala off isitsha. Leli cebo ivumela ezinkulu ngokweqile torque engu.

Lolu hlobo injini yakhelwe ephansi umthwalo omningi imisinga, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle yayo enkulu. Lokhu design eqolo ngenxa yokubakhona sokuqala, yokusebenza capacitor kanye inkinobho centrifugal. Asetshenziswa imishini ngokhuni emoyeni compressors, amanzi ingcindezi high amaphampu, cleaner amaphampu nalapho torque engu okusezingeni eliphezulu liyadingeka. Amandla - kusuka 0.75 kuya 7.5 kW.

BP ne isigxobo ukubopha

Design kanye ne-operation ye-motor lokungeniswa yalolu hlobo liqukethe yokuthi it has main eyodwa kuphela emazombezombe futhi akukho isiqalo. Qala senziwa ngoba ingxenye encane emhlabeni ngamunye zezingongolo stator has a indandatho ukuzivikela ithusi, lapho amandla kazibuthe kule ndawo ngemuva esiqeshini unshielded. Ukuxhumana emikhakheni emibili kuholela ukujikeleza kushaft.

Njengoba kungekho ikhoyili ekuqaleni-up noma capacitor noma inkinobho, injini kuyinto kagesi elula futhi engabizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane layo uma igijima zingalawulwa by obuhlukahlukene voltage noma hala emazombezombe. Injini design lemijabo kwakuvikela ivumela ekukhiqizweni. Ivame okubhekwa '-off omunye ", njengoba kuba ishibhile ukufaka esikhundleni kuka ukulungisa. Ngaphezu izimfanelo ezinhle ilungiselelo elinjalo enezinto eziningi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki:

• torque engu okuphansi elilingana 25-75% yenani ukalwe;
• ukushelela okusezingeni eliphezulu (7-10%);
• kahle ongaphakeme (ngaphansi kuka-20%).

I ongaphakeme izindleko sokuqala evumela ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo wegazi amadivayisi ongaphakeme noma njalo wasebenzisa. Sikhuluma kwansuku multi-isivinini fan. Kodwa torque ephansi ekupheleni, ukusebenza kahle ongaphakeme futhi ongaphakeme izici mechanical ungavumeli zabo commercial noma zezimboni.

Ezintathu okhombisa AD

Lezi motors kabanzi umkhakha. Design kanye nokusebenza ezintathu okhombisa lokungeniswa motor kunqunywa nomklamo walo ukusebenza - ne yezinyoni noma Rotor ukulimaza. Ukuze yethulwa akudingi capacitor uqale emazombezombe, switch centrifugal noma enye idivayisi. Ukuqala phuzu ngokwesilinganiso, abade kanye umthamo kanye nokusebenza kahle. Asetshenziswa imishini ukugaya, lathes, imishini imishini, amaphampu, compressors, zokuthutha, nezinye imishini yezolimo.

BP ivaliwe Rotor

Lokhu ezintathu okhombisa indlela motor, izimiso yokusebenza futhi apharathasi okuye kuchaziwe ngenhla. Izimali cishe 90% azo zonke izinjini ezintathu okhombisa. Ikhishwa amandla 250 Watts ukuba kilowatts angamakhulu amaningana. Kuqhathaniswa owodwa esigabeni izinjini kusuka 750 W, ishibhile futhi zingamelana imithwalo esindayo.

BP nilimaza Rotor

Design Nokusebenza ezintathu okhombisa motor indlela nge ukushelela-indandatho motors zehluke blood pressure we "squirrel yezinyoni" ukuthi Rotor sesinesethi Windings, imikhawulo ezingesiyo sesiwancamulile. Ziboniswa emasongweni ukushelela. It ikuvumela ukuxhuma kuyo resistors bangaphandle contactors. torque engu eliphezulu lingu ngqo wakhona ukumelana Rotor. Ngakho-ke, ngesivinini aphansi kungase ukungezwa ukwandisa ukumelana. Ukumelana High ivumela ukuthola torque engu elikhulu ongaphakeme sokuqala zamanje.

Njengoba ukumelana incipha ukusheshisa Rotor ukushintsha izici motor ukuhlangabezana nezidingo umthwalo. Ngemva motor ifinyelela ijubane isizinda, resistors zangaphandle zikhutshaziwe. Futhi motor kagesi isebenza njengoba umfutho wegazi evamile. Lolu hlobo ilungele okusezingeni eliphezulu umthwalo inertial, ezidinga isicelo torque cishe zero isivinini. Linikeza ukushesha ukuze esiphezulu ngesikhathi esincane nge okungenani amandla ukusetshenziswa.

A Ububi izinjini ezifana ukuthi ukushelela izindandatho emabhulashini azidingi ukunakekelwa njalo, okuyinto ayidingekile for motor ne Rotor sesiwancamulile. Uma Rotor emazombezombe is shorted futhi wenza umzamo ukuqala (t. E. idivayisi iba ejwayelekile BP), kuyoba ukugeleza eliphezulu kakhulu zamanje. Kuyinto izikhathi 14 kunenani ukalwe nganoma torque engu aphansi kakhulu kuyinto 60% kwegciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, isicelo ayitholakali.

Ngokushintsha ukujikeleza speed ukuncika torque ngokulawula ukumelana Rotor kungaba nhlobonhlobo ijubane umthwalo ezithile. Kungaba ukunciphisa ngempumelelo kubo ngo-50% uma umthwalo kudinga torque engu variable nesivinini kulolo oluvamile yokunyathelisa, compressors, zokuthutha, ngamakheshi kanye nezinqolobane zommbila. Yehlisa Izinga ngezansi 50% imiphumela kahle aphansi kakhulu ngenxa ephakeme ngamandla ukushabalalisa ku resistances Rotor.