IsiShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kanye nezithombe

Nanoma iliphi izwe ukuthi likwazi ukufinyelela kolwandle noma ulwandle, umane kumele ube ibhalansi lempi lasolwandle umsebenzi kabani main ukuvikela ugu futhi amanzi indawo. Kube khona ngaphandle kule ndaba futhi China - ezweni namuhla ingenye ngokushesha kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kokubili umnotho kanye wamasosha. Amandla Okuphambili uthatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala ekuthuthukiseni yemikhumbi izindiza yenethiwekhi, okufakazela amaShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" - kuze kube manje ungoyedwa wempi yayo uhlobo China.

Imininingwane zomlando

Lo mkhumbi okuthiwa "Varyag" ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union wayezuze Ukraine. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwayekwa 1998. Ngenxa yalokho, China ngithenge impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngoba kwezigidi ezingu-25 US dollars. IsiShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" waba towed kuya ogwini yezwe iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kushintsha kwezinto kungenxa yokuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyishumi nesithupha emkhunjini wahamba oLwandle Olumnyama ngenxa ukungavumelani Turkey ukubeka kuye ngokusebenzisa Bosporus. Konke lokhu sikhathi kwakunoFakazi izingxoxo. Ngo-November 2001, ngemva edlulisa sisebunzimeni, esiphathiswa izindiza kwaba basekuthunjweni isici - isiphepho eziqine. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona ukulahlekelwa ukulawula umkhumbi olwandle, kodwa ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva esiphathiswa waphinda eliqhutshwa amatilosi.

Kusukela Suez Canal engabondli abakubo ukudlula imikhumbi ngaphandle injini amandla, esiphathiswa Chinese "Liaoning" waphoqeleka ukundlula yezwekazi lase-Afrika nge-Gibraltar. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umkhumbi wathutha tugs ezimbili. Futhi ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha engu-11 kuphela amakhilomitha ngehora, futhi ubude komyalelo wokungabi umzila - ayizinkulungwane 28 amakhilomitha. Ekugcineni umkhumbi wawusengozini China 3 ngoMashi ngonyaka 2002.

refit

IsiShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" ngo-2005 washukumiseleka ukuba Kudokhu ezomile, lapho iminyaka eyisithupha walakha kabusha futhi ngcono nge ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Emzimbeni wakhe ngesikhathi le misebenzi yabekwa uhlanzekile esebenzisa sandblasting futhi ngesineke.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, umkhumbi wabonakala ngesinye semikhumbi, lapho izinjini ezifakiwe futhi ogandaganda kuso. Futhi, radars zakamuva, izikhali, amabhomu ifakwe anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo zilethwe uhlelo "Granite".

Ngo-June 2011, inhloko Jikelele Abasebenzi Chen Bingde umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi umkhumbi kuyoba phakathi kwababusi ke njengoba umkhumbi othwala izindiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ukusetshenziswa jikelele isitsha wathi njengoba ukuqeqeshwa base zokuhlola, ezizosebenza esikhathini esizayo ukusiza ekwakhiweni abathwali izindiza kakade e-China.

Ngo-August 2011, umkhumbi waba yezinsuku ezine test chassis. Phakathi lwenyanga, wabuyela echwebeni, wahlala khona kwaze kwaba 29 Novemba. Esikhathini kusuka Disemba 2011 kuze Julayi 2012 kwenziwa phezu takeoffs izindiza yenethiwekhi and lihlala izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izikhali hlola. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindiza kokwehla awuzange kwenziwa.

Ukutlolisa Navy

IsiShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning» (Liaoning cv 16) Waba esemthethweni ukulwa iyunithi 25 Septhemba 2012, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indiza neze kuze kube seqophelweni futhi akazange uthinte emphemeni yakhe.

Novemba 25, 2012 kwaziwa mayelana isivuno sokuqala yimpumelelo J-15 fighter Jets emkhunjini.

izici lobuchwepheshe

IsiShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning", isithombe onikelwa ngezansi, wadala nge nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• Lokufuduka - amathani 59.500.
• Ubude - 304 amamitha nengxenye.
• Ububanzi - 38 amamitha.
• umkhumbi uhlaka 10.5 amamitha.
• Umthamo isitsha - 4 × 50 000 amahhashi
• isivinini - 29 ifindo (mayelana 54 amakhilomitha ngehora).
• Cruising ibanga lingafika ku 8,000 nautical miles.
• 520 - I iqembu abantu 1980, lapho izikhulu kubhaliswe.

umkhumbi izikhali

Esikebheni kwakuneqembu amaShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning» cv 16 Kuyinto:

• Flak: Uhlobo 1130 3 × 11 × 30 mm.
• Missiles: FL-3000N iziqhumane, 3 × 18 amashaja.
• Ukuvikelwa Antisubmarine: ukufakwa ezimbili dvenadtsatizaryadnyh of uhlobo olungaziwa.
• Aviation amabili nane fighter Shenyang J-15, abane indiza AEW Z-18, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane eziyisithupha anti-Z 18F, pair of search and khulula ezinophephela emhlane Z-9c.

umbono uchwepheshe

"Liaoning", ngokusho kongoti lempi, has a kunalokho ebuthakathaka isikhali izinhlelo. Ukwahlulela elibanzi, lokhu umkhumbi uyakwazi lokuzivikela nenani elincane kuphela elihlanganyela kakhulu amaqembu ehlasela imikhumbi. Ukuze sife ngokugcwele izinkinga zayo 'Liaoning' kudinga khona njalo eceleni kwakhe Ukuvikelwa umxhwele. Nokho, uyakwazi ube uphethe inqwaba enkulu izindiza kanye nezinhlamvu kuka okulingana yayo eliseduze ngesimo Russian izindiza yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov". Ochwepheshe bathi Kuhlekuhle Chinese izindiza yenethiwekhi, ibutho - sikhali engcono ukuhlasela uhambe phezu kuhlasela, ngoba yakhelwe ukushaywa sasivumela eside ezizimele kanye okophula izindiza zempi cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni ukuba afeze okwalandela ukulwa kanye kwesimo endaweni ohambweni lwabo.

"Walkabout" e Syria

I Tartus eboshelwe izindiza Chinese yenethiwekhi "Liaoning"! It is lokhu izindaba ezihlaba umxhwele kwaba omunye kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe ekwindla ka 2015. Ngokusho eziningi nabezindaba emhlabeni, umkhumbi wempi kwaba Suez Channel ngo-September 22 futhi langena emanzini yaseSiriya. Njengombana kucocwe ngakho ezihlukahlukene okuthunyelwe, umkhankaso umkhumbi kwakuhambisana nezinga exhunywe Russian Federation kwenziwe imisebenzi anti-amaphekula ngokumelene okuthiwa "Islamic State." Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ummeleli ezisemthethweni Ministry Chinese of Foreign Affairs Hua Chunying wathi emaphephandabeni ukuthi uMbuso Celestial akabamukisanga futhi akahleli ukuthumela "Liaoning" eSiriya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhumbi, njengasekuqaleni, siqhutshwa kuphela izinjongo ngokwesayensi. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi China ithobela isikhundla ukuthi isekelwe lokuzibusa labantu yaseSiriya. Ngakho, sematheni wabezindaba ukuthi Tartus eboshelwe Chinese izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" Kwatholakala ukuthi limane nje "duck" lesibonwa ayinakho maqondana ngokoqobo.

Kuvele isiqinisekiso ongaqondile iqiniso amazwi Chinese abaphathi abaphezulu zingase futhi zibe amazwi uProfesa Naval Academy China Zhang Tszyunshe, okuyinto ekhombise khona esifundeni Middle East iqembu elikhethekile zokunqanda pirates.

Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi amaShayina izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" e Tartus ulahlekile, futhi isazi Russian Technology Center for Ukuhlolwa Amasu Vasily Kashin. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo mkhumbi ukuqeqesha, ngakho ayikwazi abasisiwe kusayithi yimpi ngempela. Futhi uma China wayefuna ngempela ukuba angenelele impi waseSiriya, kungenzeka kuthunyelwe ukulwa amaphekula imikhumbi ezifana "Project 071". Nakuba konke Kuyaqondakala ukuthi China sika izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" e Tartus - lokhu akunangqondo, ngoba ubuholi Chinese wathatha isikhundla elinde mayelana isimo eSyria.

Izifiso of China

UMnyango Wezokuvikela wezwe ngobukhulu emhlabeni iye yaqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukwakhiwa yesibili izindiza yenethiwekhi uqalise. Omele Umnyango Yang Yujun wathi ukuthi umkhumbi ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele ngochwepheshe Chinese. Ukwakhiwa isikepe labetibambile ethekwini Dalian (Isifundazwe Liaoning).

Futhi ibika ukuthi displacement entsha ukulwa amayunithi kuzoba uhla amathani ayinkulungwane 50. Ukusebenza kwawo kuhlelelwe fighters ezokuthutha uhlobo J -15.

Izici umkhumbi

Ngakho, uphi-Chinese izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning", thina ucishe alungise. Manje kubalulekile ukubhekana zezindiza yakhe futhi imishini yezobuchwepheshe. It is cishe walondoloza ngokuphelele izinto abangu bagxilisa kuye ekuqaleni yiSoviet iphrojekthi 11435, okuyilezi:

• Zithuthukisa (akukho izihlilingi).
• Three ukuqala isikhundla nge zaderzhnikami retractable futhi Gaz izihlangu Okumangaza.
• Optical kokwehla uhlelo.
• Four athakazelisayo igiya intambo nge ukubopha nge imishini wokubacindezela.

Thumela ukutshala ikhanda lika imodeli American ogibele emaphethelweni kwesokunxele we emphemeni indiza ngesikhathi emkhunjini. Itilosi abakhonza emphemeni ukwahlukana "Liaoning", njengoba ayegqoke kahle njengoba nozakwabo American. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka imibala kanye nenyumfomu amatilosi Chinese, ifomu ukopishiwe ngokuphelele.