Lokuzalwa Pushkin sika. Wazalelwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina

ukuthi, omkhulu Russian imbongi zakudala Alexander Pushkin owazalwa Empire Russian phakathi nokubusa koMbusi uPawulu Yokuqala. Pushkin Wazalelwa zomlando kuvezwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngo-May 26 no-June 6, 1799. Ngakho lapho omunye ilungile? Into wukuthi ngo-May 26 - ngosuku lokuzalwa Pushkin e-Roman (ubudala) ikhalenda, futhi Juni 6 - Yanamuhla - UJulian. Kunoma ikuphi, namuhla, bonke abalandeli of ithalente imbongi omkhulu Russian lugujwa minyaka yonke ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa kuyinto Juni 6. Kwazalelwa Pushkin - inhlokodolobha zamanje zezwe lethu, edolobheni laseMoscow. Nokho, leyo minyaka kwakubhekwa idolobha lesibili ngemva Petersburg wezwe.

1799 Russia

Ukuphela kwekhulu le-18 lapho kwakunzima kakhulu eRussia. Abantu abazenzi empeleni othanda abantu wamanje uMbusi uPawulu Yokuqala. Esikhathini esifushane wokubusa kwakhe, wayezoba unengekile nabantu bakhe ukuze sosukwini lokufa kwakhe, abantu ngeke simenze lusizi ngayo, futhi uhalalisele nomunye. Nokho, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, Russia wakwazi ukwandisa kwemingcele yayo, sibonga ojenene okukhulu. By endleleni, ngo lwekutalwa Pushkin sika amasosha Russian babe onqobayo, wathatha umuzi eTurin. Ngokuvamile, kulo nyaka kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu amabutho isiRashiya, sasigcwele kunqoba okukhulu futhi angamaqhawe nokuhlasela, kanye neze ukunqoba Russian. Ngakho, unyaka lokuzalwa Pushkina Aleksandra Sergeevicha - ngonyaka odlule kwekhulu le-18 - kwaphawulwa ukunqoba impi Russian nokuzalwa genius omkhulu - lo abanamakhono kunazo zonke izimbongi Russian.

lozalo

Ekhuluma ngomsuka A. S. Pushkin - yesikhulu, izimpande zakhe zivela angenasihloko uhlobo branched ka Pushkin, kubhebhetseka kweludvweshu, ngokusho legend, ukuze Ratshe - "indoda ethembekile", owaphila sikhathi sinye ka Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ukhokho, umama imbongi kwakungu Afrika Abrama Petrovich Hannibal - Umfundi sikaPeter Omkhulu, kamuva owaba ujenene. Uyisemkhulu zoyise - Leo Pushkin - kwaba Colonel e wezikhali, kodwa wafika uyise komlobi kwakusala kude ekuphileni wezempi. Wayeyindoda zomhlaba, imbongi-lover futhi wayaziwa njengomuntu ophansi Wit okukhulu. Enye imbongi sasivumela owaziwayo lo mkhaya, uyisekazi zoyise, Basil. Nokho, usuku lokuzalwa Pushkin futhi umndeni wakhe ngokuqinisekile wayengaqondile ukulindela ukuthi bazalelwa emkhayeni "inkanyiso zezinkondlo Russian" - imbongi imisebenzi kabani bazi ngekhanda emazweni amaningi, ngisho namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Usuku lokuzalwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - May 26, 1977. Esikhathini ukubhalisa Elkhovskoye Epiphany Church 27 Meyi, okungukuthi, ngemva kosuku wazalwa imbongi esizayo, irekhodi senziwa iqiniso lokuthi Sergei Pushkin wazalwa umntwana wesilisa, owayebizwa ngokuthi u-Alexander. izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemva kwalokho, umfana obhapathiziwe esontweni elilodwa. Summer Sasha kancane ababevunyelwe ukuvakasha babehlala ubuphansi kugogo wakhe othandekayo uMariya Alekseevny uHannibal. Isalukazi wahlala edolobheni, eduze nedolobha Zvenigorod. Kakade eminyakeni 14-15 Pushkin waqala ukuloba inkondlo yakhe yokuqala, "Monk" futhi "Bova"; ngo-1915, Pushkin oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala wabhala ngenkondlo okuthiwa "The Epistle ukuba Yudin," futhi ngemva konyaka - "Dream".

intsha

I Lyceum e Tsarskoye Selo Pushkin usufunde cishe 6 iminyaka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho njalo iveza isipho sakhe imbongi. Lapha wazuza bangane bakaJeremiya abaqotho abangane. Phakathi nale nkathi, wayekhonza njengomxhumanisi ugqozi izinkondlo French. Ikakhulukazi yakuthanda uVoltaire futhi Boys umkhiqizo. Izimbongi Russian yena ezikhulekelwa Zhukovsky futhi Batiushkov. Ngu lyceum isikhathi isethwe ukuba izinkondlo ezimnandi imbongi. Kamuva, lapho izinkondlo zakhe usezuze umbala kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, imisebenzi yakhe yaba Derzhavin nesithakazelo. Minyaka yonke, ngosuku lokuzalwa Pushkin ofunda ayekanye nawo okuhleliwe recitals namavesi hlabelela udumo.

Ngemva Lyceum, lapho lathweswa iziqu ngo-1817, Pushkin saqala ukukhonza College of Foreign Affairs. Phakathi nale minyaka engu-ke wethulwa art yamabhayisikobho, ungaphuthelwa kumdlalo owodwa. Pushkin futhi wavakashela umphakathi tetemibhalo "Arzamas" umphakathi etemibhalo waseshashalazini "ukukhanya green." Elapho wenza ubungani nabantazana eziningi Decembrists, nakuba ekuqaleni wayengazi ibhizinisi labo core.

zokuba umuntu omdala

Ngaphezu kwalokho empilweni imbongi iqala isikhathi reference nokushushiswa. Futhi zonke iphutha layo imvelo inkululeko abathanda futhi bomele ubulungiswa. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe igcwele umoya-wrestling, ukungafuni ukuba sibekezelele isimo, okuyinto kwaba esivela Russia phakathi nokubusa UNicholas. Okunye esizokwenza okuxhumene lokhu budebuduze naleli imbongi Decembrists eziningi, izinkondlo zakhe inkululeko abathanda. Futhi ngokunembile ngenxa yaleli nemizwa ubulungiswa, ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka.

Ukufa imbongi

Winter 1836 ekukhanyeni inzwabethi lobuhlobo nomkakhe Pushkina Natal umbusi. Futhi-ke, ukuze buyisela izinsolo kusukela bantu bobukhosi ukuhleba kakade mayelana nendaba phakathi Natalia futhi courtier, uBaron d'Anthes. lutho Pushkin ukwenza kodwa ukumelela nodumo unkosikazi kwakhe ngokungadingekile futhi abangele Baron a Duel. ekulweleni kwabo senzeka Februwari 27, 1837, ezinyangeni ezine ngaphambi kokuba weminyaka engu 38th imbongi. Ngemva ngosuku lokuzalwa Alexander Pushkin - Meyi 26 (6 Juni) 1799. Ngenxa yalokho yomlobi Duel ukuthi ayelimele kabi. Washona ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, futhi izincwadi Russian abayizintandane ngalahlekelwa imbongi omkhulu futhi umbhali esemncane ezinjalo. Alexander Pushkin wangcwatshwa Svyatogorsky emathuneni, eduze lwakubo uMichael.

Njengoba usuku lokuzalwa ka Pushkin namuhla

Namuhla e-Russia akukho nomuzi onjalo, lapho kungaba khona esikoleni yaqanjwa zabuna omkhulu Russian. Phambi kulezi zikole nawo amatshe ezikhumbuzo Pushkin. Kuzo zonke kubo ngokwesiko kabili ngonyaka - ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe kanye usuku lokufa kwakhe - kukhona kusihlwa okudala noma ekuseni abazinikezele kuleli usuku ongasoze walitshalwa. Imicimbi ngokwesiko uqale nge kubekwa izimbali etsheni lesikhumbuzo ukuze umbhali, bese zonke iye ehholo inhlangano, futhi uqala ingxenye esemthethweni. Abafundi zihaya izinkondlo ngekhanda, izingxenye izinkondlo, inganekwane eyabhalwa Pushkin, ngisho kukhona ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu esekelwe imisebenzi imbongi omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini sikhunjulwe umcimbi aphethwe yezincwadi, futhi onegama umbhali. Abafundi amandla philological futhi ukuyibalekela kulezi zinsuku. Kwavulwa amayunivesithi aphethwe izinkulumo ezithakazelisayo, izingqungquthela, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abafundi kanye nothisha ukukhuluma ngokuphila umsebenzi zabuna omkhulu - izinkanyiso izincwadi Russian.

Ukugubha usuku lokuzalwa Pushkin ngaphandle Russia

Nge lokusungula Pushkin nje kuphela eRussia kodwa futhi phesheya. Imisebenzi yakhe kakhulu ohlonishwayo emazweni ayeyingxenye ye-USSR. Armenia, eBelarus, e-Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, njll emadolobheni amaningi ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union sibe nezikole yaqanjwa imbongi omkhulu futhi umbhali. Futhi nabo ngonyaka ukugubha izenzakalo ezihambisana igama lika-Alexander. Kwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet kukhona Rossotrudnichestvo. Umnikelo lenhlangano ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana ezenhlalo nezamasiko phakathi Russia nase kula mazwe kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, sibonga wakhe e Yerevan, Baku, Minsk futhi Astana, Chisinau nakwamanye izihloko ngonyaka kusihlwa elalinikezelwe inkumbulo izimbongi enkulu Russian futhi ababhali, kuhlanganise Pushkin. Ngokwesibonelo, emzini wase-Yerevan, esikoleni No. 8 yaqanjwa NJENGOBA Pushkin, Juni 6 minyaka ihlelwe umcimbi okubaluleke kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi Awukude inhlokodolobha Armenia has ezigodini entabeni, ezibizwa ngokuthi "Pushkin sihamba." Kukulo muzi lapho, ngokusho legend, Pushkin wahlangana isidumbu Griboyedov ukuthi uthuthwa abasePheresiya eRussia. Lapho, phakathi imvelo ngendlela emangalisayo enhle, bonke ominzayo e-oki oluhlaza futhi elms, imele isikhumbuzo imbongi omkhulu. Lapha phezu lokuzalwa Aleksandra Pushkina edonsela abafundi ezikoleni ezahlukene Armenia, ebeka izimbali esinqeni lesikhumbuzo ukuze zihaya izinkondlo, nifunde yezinhlamvu izindaba, nibonisane, nokunye. D.

Okunye ngemadoda ayethembele bazalelwa usuku lokuzalwa Pushkin

Ngosuku olufanayo wazalwa imbongi omkhulu Russian, kodwa ncamashi engu-200 ngaphambi kokuba azalwe umculi iSpanishi, ummeleli we Baroque - Diego Rodriguez Velazquez. Kodwa cishe iminyaka engu-100 kamuva-ke wazalwa umqambi-Armenian edumile emhlabeni wonke, umbhali we imisebenzi efana ballet "uSpartacus" futhi "Gayane" kanye nabanye abaningi, Aramu Khachaturian. Ngosuku olufanayo wazalwa imbongi Russian umhumushi UNikolai Ushakov.